经皮椎体后凸成形术与经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的效果。[方法]选取2014年12月~2015年12月在本院诊治的86例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,采用随机数字表法分为经皮椎体成形术组(PVP),和经皮椎体后凸成形术组(PKP)各43例。观察两组围手术期资料、伤椎Cobb角、手术前后VAS评分、术后伤椎恢复情况及并发症情况。[结果]PKP组手术时间、骨水泥注入量、术后伤椎高度增加都明显高于PVP组(P<0.05);治疗后两组椎体压缩率、伤椎Cobb角显著降低,且PKP组术后椎体压缩率、伤椎Cobb角显著低于PVP组(P<0.05)。术后两组患者VAS评分显著降低,但两组间比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。[结论]经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折效果满意,经皮椎体后凸成形术在改善患者椎体高度、伤椎畸形优势明显。     

经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效观察

[目的]比较经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术在治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折方面的疗效。[方法]选择2011年1月~2013年12月来本院就治的72例老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者,分为2组,PVP组40例,PKP组32例。观察两组手术前后VAS评分、椎体压缩率、伤椎Cobb角、骨水泥注入量、术后伤椎增加高度、骨水泥渗漏情况。[结果]两组手术前后,其VAS评分均显著下降,患者疼痛缓解明显,但两组组间差异无统计学意义;PKP组椎体压缩率和Cobb角与术前比较显著降低,但PVP组治疗前后差异无统计学意义,PKP组治疗后的椎体压缩率和Cobb角要低于PVP组,差异有统计学意义;与PVP组比较,PKP组手术时间较长,骨水泥注入量较多,术后伤椎高度增加较大,骨水泥渗漏情况较少,差异均有统计学意义。[结果]PVP、PKP两种手术方法均具有显著止痛效果,PKP较PVP椎体高度恢复及脊柱后凸畸形矫正效果更好。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

[目的]探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。[方法]利用VAS评分、ODI指数及X线片所测伤椎前缘高度来评价经皮椎体后凸成形术对180例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的治疗效果。其中男69例,共80椎,女81例,共100椎。年龄58~92岁,平均70.3岁。[结果]全部病例顺利完成手术,有4椎出现骨水泥渗漏,未出现严重并发症。VAS评分、ODI指数、椎体前缘高度三项指标术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]经皮椎体后凸成形术可以迅速缓解疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。     

个体化穿刺经椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术治疗中胸段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

[目的]探讨采用个体化穿刺经椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术治疗中胸段椎体压缩性骨折的安全性及临床疗效。[方法]选择2011年8月~2013年9月在本院就诊的中胸段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者共79例96椎,采用个体化设计穿刺路线,经椎弓根外途径行椎体后凸成形术。测量术前、术后与末次随访时伤椎椎体高度及后凸畸形角度,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评定疗效。[结果]本组病例平均随访24.7个月。与术前相比,术后伤椎前、中椎体高度,Cobb角,VAS和ODI评分均显著改善(P0.05),末次随访时各项指标同术后相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中骨水泥渗漏6例,未出现临床症状。随访期间7例患者发生新的椎体骨折,其中4例发生在邻近节段。[结论]个体化穿刺经椎弓根外途径椎体后凸成形术是安全、有效的治疗中胸段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的微创手段。     

邻近椎体新发骨折的保守与PVP治疗比较

[目的]比较椎体成形术(PVP)后邻近椎体新发骨折保守治疗与再次PVP的疗效。[方法]回顾性研究2015年8月～2018年8月在本院骨科因骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折行PVP术后95例邻近椎体新发骨折的患者,采用保守治疗32例,PVP再手术63例,采用VAS和ODI评分评价临床效果,拍摄X线片,测量局部后凸Cobb角和椎体前缘压缩比。[结果]随时间推移,两组患者的VAS评分及ODI指数均显著降低(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者间VAS和ODI评分的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后1周和1个月时,手术组的VAS和ODI评分均显著低于保守组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后3、6个月时,手术组的VAS和ODI评分仍均低于保守组,但差异已无统计学意义(P0.05)。保守组患者治疗前后局部后凸Cobb角和椎体前缘压缩率无显著变化(P0.05);手术组术后各时间点局部后凸Cobb角和椎体前缘压缩率均较术前显著减少,差异有统计学(P0.05)。治疗前两组间局部后凸Cobb角和椎体前缘压缩率的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),而治疗后各时间点,手术组的局部后凸Cobb角和椎体前缘压缩率均显著小于保守组(P0.05)。[结论]与保守治疗相比,再次PVP手术治疗可更有效、迅速恢复经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体新发骨折患者自主生活能力,并能够一定程度纠正脊柱后凸畸形,恢复脊柱力线。     

老年椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率及相关危险因素分析

[目的]探讨老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率及相关危险因素。[方法]回顾性分析本院2010年1月~2014年12月收治的经皮椎体成形术治疗的341例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者病例。统计术后邻近椎体骨折的发生率,并依据骨折情况将患者分成骨折组(59例)和未骨折组(282例)。制作相关危险因素调查表,统计两组相关危险因素情况,并采用单因素和Logistic回归分析对危险因素进行分析。[结果]随访1~2年,59例(17.3%)患者相邻椎体发生骨折。单因素和Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、骨折病史、骨密度、伤椎数、骨折程度、骨水泥渗漏是患者术后邻近椎体发生骨折的危险因素。[结论]老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体易发生骨折,而年龄、骨折病史、骨密度、伤椎数、骨水泥渗漏是发生邻近椎体骨折的危险因素。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者40例疗效观察

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者疗效观察及近、中期预后效果。方法选取我院79例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,依据手术术式不同分组,对照组39例采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,观察组40例给予经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,观察比较两组术前、术后3个月、术后12个月Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、疼痛(VAS)评分及手术前后伤椎Cobb角、椎体压缩率变化情况,并统计两组并发症发生率。结果术后3个月及12个月两组ODI、VAS评分均低于术前,观察组术后3个月伤椎Cobb角及椎体压缩率均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率为2.50%(1/40),低于对照组20.51%(8/39),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论给予老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,效果较佳,可矫正畸形,促进椎体高度恢复,降低并发症发生率。     

经皮椎弓根固定联合椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折

[目的]探讨经皮椎弓根内固定联合椎体后凸成形术在治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折中的应用。[方法]2014年12月~2016年5月在本院就诊的骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者106例,随机分为经皮椎弓根内固定联合椎体后凸成形术治疗组(联合组)和单纯经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗组(对照组),联合组54例,对照组52例,所有患者均为单椎体,于术前、术后和末次随访采用视觉疼痛模拟量表(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、Cobb角及椎体前缘高度压缩率评定临床效果。[结果]所有患者顺利完成手术,均获随访,时间15~19个月。术前两组患者VAS评分、ODI指数、Cobb角度变化及椎体前缘高度压缩率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但末次随访时,联合组上述指标数值均小于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]经皮椎弓根内固定联合椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折创伤小,可以更好地恢复脊柱稳定性,有效维持伤椎的形态完整及强度、高度,从而减轻疼痛,提高患者生存质量。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折的效果。方法按照不同手术方式将184例老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者分为PVP组(98例)和PKP组(86例)。比较2组骨水泥渗漏率及术后伤椎椎体压缩率、后凸Cobb's角、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和腰椎功能障碍评分(ODI)。结果 2组患者均获12～24个月随访。术后1周和6个月2组患者的VAS评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但组内及组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者术后6个月的伤椎椎体压缩率和后凸Cobb's角均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但PKP组患者的改善程度优于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PKP组骨水泥渗漏率及术后邻近椎体骨折发生率均低于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PKP与PVP治疗老年胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折,均有良好止痛效果。PKP较PVP恢复椎体高度及矫正脊柱后凸畸形效果更为明显,且并发症发生率低。     

骨质疏松胸腰椎骨折三种椎体增强术网状荟萃分析

[目的]系统评价经皮椎体成形术、经皮椎体后凸成形术、囊袋椎体成形术等三种术式治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的差异。[方法]检索7个国内外数据库并辅以手工查找相关文献,经过文献筛选和数据提取后采用WinBUGS 1.4.3软件进行网状荟萃分析。[结果]共纳入11项随机对照试验,一共包含1356例患者。在降低视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)方面,从优到劣排序为:囊袋椎体成形术经皮椎体成形术经皮椎体后凸成形术。在降低ODI评分方面,从优到劣排序为:囊袋椎体成形术经皮椎体成形术经皮椎体后凸成形术。在降低伤椎Cobb角方面,从优到劣排序为:经皮椎体后凸成形术囊袋椎体成形术经皮椎体成形术。在减少骨水泥渗漏率方面,从优到劣排序为:囊袋椎体成形术经皮椎体后凸成形术经皮椎体成形术。[结论]基于VAS评分、ODI评分、伤椎Cobb角、骨水泥渗漏率等方面的考虑,本研究认为囊袋椎体成形术可能是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的最佳方案。     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的手术治疗

目的探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的临床疗效。方法2002年3月至2005年3月,对21例相隔一个正常椎体的跳跃性胸腰椎椎体结核患者施行前路病灶清除植骨融合椎体钉棒内固定治疗,植骨采用自体髂骨-肋骨或钛网-肋骨植骨。男14例,女7例;年龄22～67岁,平均43岁。病变范围：T4～L3,胸椎12例,胸腰段6例,腰椎3例。两处跳跃病变破坏2个椎体1例、3个椎体7例、4个椎体10例;三处跳跃病变破坏5个椎体2例,6个椎体1例。病变节段后凸角：胸椎30°～50°,胸腰段15°～30°,腰椎10°～20°。4例伴不完全截瘫。术前强化抗痨2～4周,术后规则抗痨1年。结果21例患者随访2.1～5.1年,平均3.4年。切口均一期愈合,术后早期肺不张2例,腹胀1例,经保守治疗1周内恢复。术后1～3个月红细胞沉降率、C-反应蛋白逐渐恢复正常。手术矫正后凸畸形10°～30°,末次随访畸形矫正角度丢失≤5.1°。植骨于术后3个月开始出现融合,随访期间无植骨块移位和内固定松动、折断。4例不完全截瘫患者术后6个月神经功能基本恢复正常。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核可彻底清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、重建和维持脊柱稳定性。     

Cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery

A case of cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery is presented. This entity is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. The present case is the first to be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of considering this vascular anomaly in the differential diagnosis of cervical spinal tumors is discussed.     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

Predicting human vertebral bone strength by vertebral static histomorphometry

The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar vertebrae, and two iliac crest bone biopsies from each of 21 women (19--96 years) and 24 men (23--95 years). One of the iliac crest biopsies and 9-mm-thick mediolateral slices of half of each of the entire vertebral bodies (L-2) were used for histomorphometry. The other iliac crest biopsies and the L-3 were destructively tested by compression. High correlation was found between BV/TV or Tb.Sp and vertebral bone strength (absolute value of r = 0.86 in both cases). Addition of Tb.Th significantly improved the correlation between BV/TV and bone strength, and the addition of bone space star volume significantly improved the correlation between Tb.Sp and bone strength (from absolute value of r = 0.86 to absolute value of r = 0.89 in both cases). Bone structure (connectivity density) was not capable of improving the prediction of bone strength of the vertebral body. The correlations between BV/TV of L-2 and bone strength of L-3 were comparable with the correlation obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptrometry (DEXA) of L-3 and bone strength of L-3. The iliac crest was found to have low predictive power of vertebral bone strength (iliac BV/TV: r = 0.62; iliac bone strength: r = 0.67). No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. It was shown that trabecular bone volume BV/TV and mean trabecular plate separation Tb.Sp are good predictors of vertebral bone strength. The ability of histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was comparable to that of densitometry. Bone structure assessed by connectivity density did not improve the correlation between static histomorphometric measures and vertebral bone strength. No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. Neither static histomorphometry nor biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies is a good predictor of vertebral bone strength.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体强化术后椎体高度再丢失的研究进展

正经皮椎体强化术包括经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP),两者通过微创手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF),可有效缓解疼痛、恢复压缩椎体高度和脊柱稳定性。但近年来观察到PVP和PKP术后恢复的椎体高度存在再丢失现象(没有创伤的情况下),术后椎体高度的再丢     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.