零切迹自稳性颈椎融合器治疗颈椎病合并骨质疏松

目的:探讨零切迹自稳性颈椎融合器(ROI-C)治疗老年颈椎病合并骨质疏松患者的临床疗效。方法:2013年5月至2018年5月经颈椎前路行ROI-C治疗颈椎病患者145例,其中年龄≥60岁且经骨密度测定存在骨质疏松症患者31例,对其进行回顾性分析。31例患者中男9例,女22例,年龄60~84(69.12±7.65)岁;单节段23例,双节段6例,3节段2例,共置入ROI-C融合器41枚。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量,分别采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分和视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价手术前后的神经功能及颈部疼痛情况,并通过影像学资料观察手术前后的颈椎生理曲度(以Cobb角表示)、手术节段椎间隙高度及椎间融合情况。结果:31例患者术后均获得随访,时间12~24(15.6±4.4)个月。手术时间75~113(101.33±10.25)min,术中出血量14~51(33.18±16.56)ml;其中23例单节段患者手术时间75~98(85.47±8.70)min,术中出血量14~30(21.18±6.56)ml。31例患者JOA评分术前为9.66±2.12,末次随访时提高至14.36±1.24(P<0.05);VAS评分术前为4.21±0.83,末次随访时下降至1.12±0.57(P<0.05);颈椎Cobb角术前为(13.14±4.54)°,末次随访时改善至(22.31±5.42)°(P<0.05);手术椎间隙高度由术前的(3.28±0.73)mm恢复至末次随访的(4.87±0.45)mm(P<0.05)。所有患者末次随访时手术节段已融合,未发现融合器失效情况。末次随访时无吞咽苦难、声音嘶哑等并发症。结论:经颈椎前路应用ROI-C治疗老年颈椎病合并骨质疏松患者疗效可靠,手术时间短,术中出血少,并可有效恢复颈椎生理曲度及椎间隙高度,且术后并发症少,融合成功率高。     

ROI-C双锚定自锁式融合器在颈椎前路手术的应用

目的探讨使用双锚定自锁式融合器(ROI-C)的颈前路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 2012-01-2014-03,采用颈前路椎间盘切除减压双锚定自锁式椎间融合器固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病43例(88个椎节),记录术前和末次随访SF-36健康调查评分评估治疗结果 ;在各个随访时间点拍摄颈椎侧位X线片,测量病变椎间隙高度、颈椎整体曲度以判定颈椎的即时稳定性和植骨融合情况,采用重复测量方差分析结果。结果 JOA评分由术前平均(6.2±2.9)分增加至术后平均(12.9±1.6)分,具有统计学意义(F=16.25,P=0.001),优良率为90.6%。SF-36健康所选维度评分较术前均有显著改善(t=1.098~11.897,P0.05)。椎间隙高度由术前平均(5.2±1.7)mm,末次随访时平均(7.9±0.6)mm,差异具有统计学意义(F=10.28,P=0.039);颈椎整体曲度变化由术前平均5°±7°,至末次随访时平均为9°±13°,有统计学意义(F=216.27,P=0.000)。2例患者分别出现声音嘶哑和吞咽困难,术后2周自愈。术后6个月拍摄X线片或行CT检查证实,88个融合节段都获骨性融合。结论颈椎前路减采用双锚定自锁式颈椎间融合器能有效恢复颈椎间隙高度和生理弧度,提供颈椎即刻稳定性,植骨融合率高,临床效果满意。     

自锁式双固定嵌片融合器在颈椎前路融合术中的应用

目的观察颈椎自锁式双固定嵌片融合器(ROI-C)在颈椎前路融合术中的应用效果。方法对26例脊髓型颈椎病患者(31个椎间隙)行颈椎前路髓核摘除并应用ROI-C行椎间融合术。记录手术时间、术中出血量;观察术后脊髓受压、术后吞咽情况以及ROI-C位置和颈椎融合情况;采用JOA评分评价术后及随访时神经功能恢复情况。结果手术时间55~80(66.2±9.4)min;术中出血量20~65(38.8±14.9)ml。患者术后第1天症状均得到明显改善。患者均获得随访,时间18~44个月。至末次随访时,所有患者融合椎体无畸形,ROI-C无移位,无主诉吞咽困难或颈部异物感。JOA评分术后6个月及末次随访时均显著高于术前水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);末次随访与术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对颈椎管前方无明显骨性压迫且不伴有颈椎不稳及椎管狭窄的脊髓型颈椎病患者,采用颈椎前路髓核摘除联合ROI-C治疗,可取得满意的临床疗效。     

前路减压多节段椎间融合器植骨融合治疗颈椎退变性疾患的临床观察

目的探讨前路减压多节段椎间融合器植骨融合治疗颈椎退变性疾患的有效性和安全性.方法2002年6月～2006年3月对13例颈椎退变性疾病患者行前路减压连续3节段椎间融合器植骨融合术,使用JOA评分评定其临床效果;测量并统计术前、术后1周和末次随访时颈椎曲度、手术节段前柱高度;观察椎间植骨融合情况、椎间融合器沉降和移位、邻近节段有无退变等情况.结果术后1周颈椎曲度D值比术前增加3.3±2.9 mm(P＜0.01),手术节段前柱高度比术前增加4.2±2.7mm(P＜0.01);术后1个月时JOA评分较术前增加4.2±1.0分;随访12～59个月,平均31.3个月,末次随访时颈椎曲度D值比术后1周减少1.1±1.9mm(P＞0.05);手术节段前柱高度比术后1周减少1.8±2.4mm(P＜0.05);手术节段融合率为91.7%;椎间融合器沉降发生率为35.9%;未发现术后邻近节段退变.结论选择恰当的适应证,前路减压多节段椎间融合器植骨融合是治疗颈椎退变性疾病的一种安全有效的手术方式.     

新型零切迹桥形锁定融合器治疗脊髓型颈椎病的早期疗效

[目的]探讨颈椎前路减压融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)中采用新型零切迹桥形锁定融合器ROI-C治疗脊髓型颈椎病的早期临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2013年1月~2014年3月采用颈椎新型零切迹桥形锁定融合器ROI-C治疗脊髓型颈椎病41例患者共61个颈椎节段的相关资料,男22例,女19例;年龄37~77岁,平均57.6岁。采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores,JOA)评分评价患者术前术后神经功能,视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者术前术后颈部疼痛,在X线片或CT片上测量术前术后颈椎生理曲度(Cobb角)、手术椎间隙高度、椎间融合情况并记录手术时间、术中出血量及术中透视次数。[结果]41例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间平均14.3个月。手术时间平均(65.4±7.3)min/节段。术中出血量平均(18.6±2.4)ml/节段、术中透视次数平均(4.84±1.27)次。末次随访,患者JOA评分由术前(9.26±0.94)分提高到(14.08±1.33)分(P<0.01),VAS评分由术前(4.97±1.25)分降低到(1.86±1.06)分(P<0.01),Cobb角由术前(13.15±4.87)°提高到(23.25±3.79)°(P<0.05),手术椎间隙高度由术前的(5.83±1.12)mm提高到(8.33±1.37)mm(P<0.05)。末次随访时手术节段椎间隙全部融合。没有气管食管损伤及喉返神经损伤等并发症发生。未发现融合器移位、沉降、松动、断裂等情况。[结论]颈椎新型桥形锁定融合器ROI-C应用于脊髓型颈椎病前路减压融合术,操作简便,手术时间短,出血少,固定牢固,可有效恢复颈椎生理曲度及椎间隙高度,并发症少,融合成功率较高。     

颈椎桥形固定嵌片融合器在颈椎间盘切除融合术中的应用

目的分析使用颈椎桥形固定嵌片融合器(ROI-C)进行颈椎前路手术治疗颈椎病的临床效果。方法采用ROI-C进行颈椎前路手术治疗44例颈椎病患者(56个节段)。记录手术时间及出血量,对手术前后患者颈椎曲度、病变椎间隙高度、病变节段融合、邻近节段退变情况进行评价,应用JOA评分及VAS评分评估手术前后神经恢复情况及颈部局部症状改善情况,并记录手术并发症。结果患者均获得随访,时间6～12个月。手术时间60～150(85.4±10.4)min,出血量20～150(60.0±11.7)ml。颈椎曲度和病变椎间隙高度:术后3d、1个月及末次随访时均较术前显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后各时间点之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。JOA评分及VAS评分:术后7 d、1个月及末次随访均较术前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而术后不同时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时42例获得骨性融合,融合率达95.5%。未发生邻近节段退变。术后2例(4.5%)出现轻度吞咽困难,1例(2.3%)出现声音嘶哑,2例(4.5%)出现不同程度轴性症状,经对症治疗后均治愈。结论应用ROI-C进行颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术,组织损伤少,能有效恢复并长时间维持病变椎体间隙高度及颈椎曲度,提供早期椎体间稳定,椎体融合率高,并发症发生率低,临床效果满意。     

自锁双锚定融合器治疗颈椎病早期疗效

目的探讨应用自锁式双锚定融合器(ROI-C)行前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)治疗颈椎病的早期疗效。方法选择2011年12月—2013年4月采用ROI-C行ACDF治疗的37例(64个节段)颈椎病病例,记录手术情况和术后并发症,统计分析术前和术后各随访时间点的颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)、日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分、椎间隙高度和颈椎整体曲度,观察植骨融合情况。结果所有手术顺利完成。术后随访25~40个月,平均32个月。NDI术前(21.6±9.4)%,末次随访时为(10.9±11.2)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。JOA评分术前(6.2±2.9)分,末次随访时为(12.9±1.6)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。JOA评分评价优良率达91.9%(34/37)。椎间隙高度术前(5.1±1.8)mm,末次随访时为(7.8±0.7)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。颈椎整体曲度术前5.2°±7.1°,末次随访时为9.2°±13.1°,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。4例患者术后并发轻度吞咽困难,术后1周至3个月症状自行消失;1例出现声音嘶哑,术后2周症状自行消失。术后6个月随访,X线或CT检查证实64个节段均获骨性融合。结论 ACDF中使用自锁式双锚定融合器可以恢复颈椎椎间隙高度,重建颈椎生理曲度,为颈椎提供即刻稳定性,植骨融合率高,早期临床疗效满意。     

颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器在颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的评价应用颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器前路减压治疗颈椎病的疗效。方法应用颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器治疗颈椎病患者18例,观察椎间融合器的稳定性和融合情况,采用Borden法测量椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度,对术前和术后JOA评分、椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度等指标进行统计学分析。结果 18例患者均获随访,时间6～42个月,未见严重并发症。术后6个月提示椎间骨性融合。椎间高度:术前为(3.26±0.68)mm,术后1周为(6.03±0.89)mm(P<0.01);术后6个月为(5.89±0.78)mm,与术后1周比较变化不大(P>0.05)。颈椎生理弧度:术前为(2.55±0.48)mm,术后1周为(3.24±0.67)mm(P>0.05);术后6个月为(8.14±1.17)mm,与术后1周比较明显改善(P<0.01)。末次随访根据JOA评分法进行疗效评价:优4例,良9例,可3例,差2例。结论颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器可以有效恢复颈椎生理曲度及椎间隙高度,可以获得满意的融合率,改善颈脊髓功能。     

前路颈椎桥形锁定融合器在颈椎间盘切除融合术治疗退变性颈椎病中的应用

目的评价退变性颈椎病行前路颈椎间盘切除融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)中应用前路颈椎桥形锁定融合器的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2013年10月至2016年9月,我科应用前路颈椎桥形锁定融合器对104例退变性颈椎病患者行前路椎间减压ROI-C融合固定术,共植入108枚ROI-C。神经根型颈椎病48例,脊髓型颈椎病56例。术后3d、3个月、6个月、12个月定期随访并复查X线片或CT,用JOA、VAS评分评价末次随访时神经功能及疼痛改善情况,记录手术时间、出血量和并发症情况,根据末次随访时颈椎X线片或CT评价椎间隙高度和ROI-C椎间融合情况。结果本组104例患者均获随访,随访时间(18.41±7.39)个月,平均8～30个月;手术平均时间:单节段(51.30±2.17)min,双节段(105.53±7.14)min;平均出血量:单节段(43.72±2.63)mL,双节段(71.57±4.20)mL。神经根型颈椎病:末次随访时日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及椎间隙高度平均为(16.79±0.95)分、(2.36±0.90)分及(6.76±1.11)mm,与术前的(14.53±1.02)分、(7.70±1.60)分及(3.94±0.78)mm比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);脊髓型颈椎病:末次随访时JOA、VAS评分及椎间隙高度平均为(14.21±1.82)分、(1.44±0.79)分及(6.50±1.13)mm,与术前的(10.18±1.62)分、(3.53±1.46)分及(3.71±0.80)mm比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。末次随访时104例均获骨性融合,平均融合时间:单节段(4.20±1.53)个月,双节段(5.41±6.15)个月。本组病例未出现喉返神经损伤、脑脊液漏、脊髓损伤、吞咽困难等并发症,随访期间均未发生感染、ROI-C松动移位或下沉等。结论退变性颈椎病行ACDF应用ROI-C能有效重建病变椎间隙高度,获得可靠的颈椎稳定性及椎间融合率,且手术时间短、术中出血少,术后并发症低,术后神经功能及疼痛改善显著,因此颈椎病行ACDF中单独应用ROI-C安全、有效,可获得满意的临床疗效。     

零切迹自稳型颈椎融合器治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病的中期临床疗效

目的评价应用零切迹自稳型颈椎融合器(ROI-C)行颈前路椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病的中期临床疗效。方法 2012年3月—2014年3月,本院采用ROI-C行ACDF治疗的双节段脊髓型颈椎病患者22例,男16例,女6例;年龄45~76岁,平均58.1岁;C3/C4/C5 3例,C4/C5/C6 11例,C5/C6/C7 5例,C6/C7/T1 1例,C5/C6及C7/T1 1例,C3/C4及C5/C6 1例。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评价颈部疼痛程度,日本骨科学会(JOA)评分评价神经功能,Mac Nab标准评价疗效优良率。颈椎侧位X线片测量颈椎生理曲度和融合节段椎间高度,过伸过屈位X线片评价融合相邻节段的椎间活动度(ROM),并对术前及随访时数据进行比较。结果所有手术顺利完成。所有患者随访29~53个月,平均35.3个月。术后3个月VAS和JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访时VAS评分和JOA评分较术后3个月进一步改善,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月颈椎曲度和融合节段椎间隙高度均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访时与术后3个月时相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),颈椎曲度和融合节段椎间隙高度维持良好。末次随访时融合器沉陷率为11.4%。术后3个月相邻节段ROM较术前增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访时相邻节段ROM较术后3个月进一步增加,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时有1例融合上位相邻节段发生椎间隙不稳,但无临床症状。根据Mac Nab标准,疗效优良率为90.9%。随访中未发生术后颈部轴性疼痛、融合器松动等其他并发症。结论应用ROI-C行ACDF治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病中期随访临床疗效可靠,颈椎生理曲度和融合椎间高度得以有效维持。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。