隆鼻术失败原因分析与再手术时机选择

目的：总结隆鼻术失败原因,并观察研究假体取出后即刻隆鼻术的临床效果.方法：从假体放置层次、雕刻形态等方面综合分析68例隆鼻术失败原因,并通过假体放置层次、假体质量以及假体形态的改变等措施对68例患者进行假体取出后即刻手术.结果：假体形态不佳、偏移是再手术的主要原因,经再手术后3个月～2年的随访观察,除5例肿胀消退时间较长外,其余患者均取得了满意效果.结论：由专科医师实施手术是减少隆鼻术失败的关键.采取一些措施后,隆鼻术失败假体取出后即刻行隆鼻手术是一种可行的方法.     

应用膨体聚四氟乙烯假体行再次隆鼻术

既往对隆鼻效果欠佳者进行处理时,多主张先将假体材料取出,3个月后行再次隆鼻术.受术者往往难以接受,多要求于取出鼻假体后立即再次行隆鼻术.我们选择性地在取出隆鼻假体后立即进行膨体聚四氟乙烯(expanded-polyted-ptratluorolthylene,ePTFE)假体再次隆鼻术,取得了满意的临床效果,现报告如下.     

鼻背筋膜下鼻假体置入隆鼻176例总结分析

目的：寻求隆鼻手术的最佳层次并探讨术中注意事项。方法：对176例鼻梁低平者，行鼻背筋膜下放置鼻假体支架进行隆鼻手术，并进行总结分析。结果：170例术后隆鼻效果满意，满意率达96．6％以上。6例因假体形态不佳、偏移而再次手术，经再次手术后3个月～2年的随访观察，除2例肿胀消退时间较长外，就医者对术后效果均满意。结论：由专科医师实施手术是减少隆鼻术失败的关键。采取一些措施后鼻背筋膜下放置鼻假体支架行隆鼻手术可取得较好手术效果，是一种可行的方法。     

隆鼻术后形态不佳的二次手术矫治

目的:探讨隆鼻术后形态不佳的原因及相应的治疗方法并提出预防隆鼻术后并发症的原则。方法:自2003年7月至2007年3月,为61例就医者行隆鼻术后二次手术矫治。术中取出原假体,对适于即刻再植者应用硅胶假体行隆鼻术,对伴有鼻头肥大的就医者同时行鼻头肥大缩小术,对鼻头过于低平的就医者同时行自体耳软骨移植术。对不适于即刻修整的就医者于3～6月后再次修整。结果:随访3～12个月,所有就医者效果均满意。结论:采用硅胶假体联合软骨移植行隆鼻术,同时修整鼻尖低平,安全、外形逼真、效果满意。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯假体修复隆鼻术后外形不佳

目的 探讨应用膨体聚四氟乙烯在隆鼻修复术中的手术技巧及应用价值.方法 选择隆鼻术后效果不佳68例患者,手术取出原有的硅橡胶鼻假体,将膨体聚四氟乙烯加强型补片,根据患者的脸型、鼻型、要求以及医学美学观点,进行雕刻后置入体内.其中24例取自体耳软骨,固定于假体的鼻尖部位,以改观鼻尖效果.结果 本组患者68例,2例术后1个月时,出现鼻根部过宽,触之假体偏硬,其中1例取出假体修剪后,再次置入,效果良好,另外1例3个月后,逐渐变软,未加处理;还有1例鼻尖部发硬,3个月后缓解;其余均取得良好的手术效果.结论 膨体聚四氟乙烯为较理想的隆鼻材料替代品,尤其适合硅橡胶隆鼻术后,外观不佳、鼻尖部张力过大导致鼻尖皮肤变薄的患者;假体复合自体耳软骨能有效延长鼻长度,抬高鼻尖.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯假体在隆鼻术中的应用

目的介绍膨体聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE)假体在隆鼻术的应用体会.方法自2004年3月至2005年6月,采用国产e-PTFE假体为87例求美者行隆鼻术,并对假体的设计、雕刻、制作及置入时的注意事项进行介绍.结果随访其中的81例求美者3～12个月,3例求美者于术后7 d时发现鼻背部有轻度不对称,经手法按压得到矫正;1例求美者术后3 d因污染了术区造成感染,将假体取出,6个月后重新隆鼻,效果较好;余77例求美者效果满意.结论采用国产e-PTFE假体行隆鼻术,特别是修复鼻尖低平者具有安全、手感好、外形逼真、并发症少等优点.e-PTFE是一种较理想的隆鼻材料.     

鼻整形术中应用膨体聚四氟乙烯远期感染1例

患者女，39岁．于某美容院行鼻尖部硅胶假体填充术。术后隆鼻效果欠佳，于术后一年来我院要求改善鼻部外形。检查：鼻尖部呈“鹰钩“状．未触及明显假体．鼻小柱旁创口瘢痕已软化。根据患者鼻部外形．求前拟行取出隆鼻材料的同时进行再次隆鼻术．采用“柳叶”型膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE．美国戈尔公司)作为隆鼻材料。以1％利多卡因做局部浸润麻醉，沿原鼻小柱旁切口入路．分离鼻尖腔隙，取出硅胶假     

鼻整形术中应用膨体聚四氟乙烯远期感染1例

1 病例报告 患者女,39岁,于某美容院行鼻尖部硅胶假体填充术.术后隆鼻效果欠佳,于术后一年来我院要求改善鼻部外形.检查:鼻尖部呈"鹰钩"状,未触及明显假体,鼻小柱旁创口瘢痕已软化.根据患者鼻部外形,术前拟行取出隆鼻材料的同时进行再次隆鼻术,采用"柳叶"型膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE,美国戈尔公司)作为隆鼻材料.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯假体在隆鼻术中的应用

目的介绍膨体聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE)假体在隆鼻术的应用体会。方法自2004年3月至2005年6月,采用国产e-PTFE假体为87例求美者行隆鼻术,并对假体的设计、雕刻、制作及置入时的注意事项进行介绍。结果随访其中的81例求美者3~12个月,3例求美者于术后7d时发现鼻背部有轻度不对称,经手法按压得到矫正;1例求美者术后3d因污染了术区造成感染,将假体取出,6个月后重新隆鼻,效果较好;余77例求美者效果满意。结论采用国产e-PTFE假体行隆鼻术,特别是修复鼻尖低平者具有安全、手感好、外形逼真、并发症少等优点。e-PTFE是一种较理想的隆鼻材料。     

鼻整形术中应用膨体聚四氟乙烯治疗鼻尖低平

目的探讨膨体聚四氟乙烯（expanded pytetraflu-oroethylene，ePTFE）在隆鼻术中治疗鼻尖过低、鼻孔显露的手术方法，以减少传统手术方法的并发症。方法取鼻正中蝶形切口加双侧鼻翼缘切口行ePTFE加强型补片隆鼻术及治疗鼻尖低平。结果应用ePTFE加强型补片为536例患者隆鼻术及治疗鼻尖低平术。术后随访3个月至6年，满意者533例，占99．4％，不满意3例，占0．6％，3例患者术后出现伤口感染，取出ePTFE假体，并于3个月后重新行ePTFE假体隆鼻术，效果满意。结论应用ePTFE在隆鼻术中治疗鼻尖过低、鼻孔显露，可以明显减少传统手术方法的并发症，术后效果理想。     

Immediate autogenous cartilage grafts in rhinoplasty after alloplastic implant rejection

BACKGROUND: It is accepted in rhinoplasty that complications are more common with alloplastic implants than with autografts. There is little guidance in the literature on how to deal with the cosmetic and/or functional problems that follow alloplastic implant rejection. The conventional advice has been to remove the allograft and not place any graft at the same time. The present article presents our experience treating allograft rejection and immediately repairing any structural defect with autografts. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that immediate nasal reconstruction using autogenous cartilage is a good technique when an alloplastic material has to be removed because of rejection, inflammation, or infection. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of outcome for a case series. METHODS: A retrospective review of the management of 8 patients who presented to 2 tertiary referral centers with alloplastic implant rejection following rhinoplasty. In 7 cases, the alloplastic implant had to be removed because it had migrated and caused a foreign body reaction; in 1 case, the implant had caused a bacterial infection. RESULTS: In all 8 cases, the nasal deformity that followed the removal of the allograft was so marked that the nose was immediately reconstructed with autogenous cartilage. The patients all made a good recovery after immediate reconstruction, although skin changes associated with the alloplastic implant remained after a mean follow-up of 3 years 3 months. CONCLUSION: The use of autogenous cartilage is a good option for nasal augmentation immediately after the removal of an alloplastic implant.     

自体耳软骨联合硅胶假体在隆鼻术后再次鼻整形中的应用

目的 探讨自体耳软骨联合硅胶假体移植在再次鼻整形中的应用价值.方法 对29例初次应用硅胶假体隆鼻术形态欠佳的患者,使用自体耳软骨联合硅胶假体移植进行修复.结果 本组29例患者随访3~12个月,27例鼻部形态良好,鼻背延长,鼻尖抬高,鼻唇角角度改善,鼻尖皮肤无红肿,未发现假体外形显露、下移、排异反应等并发症,手术效果满意.其中2例患者术后拆线时发现鼻背部不对称,予以假体包囊分离缝合固定后效果满意.结论 自体耳软骨联合硅胶假体能延长鼻背,抬高鼻尖,有效防止鼻尖假体外形显露、张力过大、皮肤变薄、鼻尖皮肤穿孔等并发症发生,手术效果满意,值得推广.     

Nasal dorsal augmentation with silicone implants

Silicone rubber has been used safely and effectively for facial augmentation for nearly 5 decades in eastern Asia. We have used silicone rubber nasal implants in primary ethnic rhinoplasty and have found consistent and long-lasting results with low complication rates. Silicone dorsal nasal augmentation in primary rhinoplasty avoids donor site morbidity and implant resorption as seen with autogenous implants. Silicone nasal implants have a low extrusion and infection rate. In the appropriate patient with proper placement, silicone nasal implant is nearly the ideal implant material.     

Augmentation rhinoplasty with custom-made S-shape silicone implant in Asians: A 15-year experience

Background:

Asians have low nasal dorsum, thick skin envelope, low defined alar cartilage, low projection of nasal tip and broad alar base. Augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone prosthesis has been performed with predictable results, but unfavourable results and complications still present. This series show techniques and results from single surgeon experience.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 548 patients chart during January 1995 to December 2009. All patients underwent custom-made S-shape implant silicone augmentation rhinoplasty operated by a single surgeon. There were three major operative steps: (1) Intra-operative S-shape implant carving; (2) pocket dissection through bilateral rim incision and (3) tension adjustment before closure. All the patients were recorded for early surgical complications and satisfaction.

Results:

There were 519 women and 29 men. The mean age is 25.5 years (18-56 years). Mean follow-up period was 6 months (1-60 months). The majority of patient were appointed for esthetic augmentation (86.8%). 515 cases (94.9%) showed well satisfaction following the operation. The total complication rate was 6.5% (4.9% deviation, 0.7% extrusion, 0.5% hematoma and 0.3% infection). All the complications were corrected with uneventful sequelae.

Conclusion:

Augmentation rhinoplasty with custom-made S-shape silicone implant by closed approach provides high satisfaction with acceptable early complication rate.KEY WORDS: Aesthetic surgery, Asians, augmentation rhinoplasty, silicone implant, surgical complication     

自体耳软骨与硅胶假体联合隆鼻术

目的探讨应用耳软骨加强鼻尖部自体组织的厚度,并与硅胶假体联合置入隆鼻的方法。方法取适当的耳甲腔软骨雕刻成型,附在硅胶假体鼻尖部,置入鼻背筋膜下,进行隆鼻。结果本组患者39例,其中2例术后1周出现假体偏斜,1个月后自然好转;1例术后6个月假体鼻根部活动并抬高,经再次手术后满意。余患者随访6个月至2年,效果满意。结论应用耳软骨可加强鼻尖部自体组织厚度,耳软骨联合硅胶假体隆鼻术可避免假体下滑、移位和外露等并发症的出现,值得临床推广应用。     

自体耳软骨与硅胶假体联合隆鼻术

目的探讨应用耳软骨加强鼻尖部自体组织的厚度,并与硅胶假体联合置入隆鼻的方法。方法取适当的耳甲腔软骨雕刻成型,附在硅胶假体鼻尖部,置入鼻背筋膜下,进行隆鼻。结果本组患者39例,其中2例术后1周出现假体偏斜,1个月后自然好转;1例术后6个月假体鼻根部活动并抬高,经再次手术后满意。余患者随访6个月至2年,效果满意。结论应用耳软骨可加强鼻尖部自体组织厚度,耳软骨联合硅胶假体隆鼻术可避免假体下滑、移位和外露等并发症的出现,值得临床推广应用。     

自体耳甲软骨移植联合假体置入隆鼻术

目的探讨自体耳甲软骨移植联合假体置入隆鼻术的效果和优点。方法将自体耳甲软骨雕刻后移植于鼻尖和鼻小柱,假体置入鼻根鼻梁。结果手术1年后随访106例,105例临床效果满意,鼻部外形自然、未发生假体下滑、移位和外露等现象。1例因隧道分离过宽,术后受术者强烈要求不包扎固定而出现假体歪斜,手术修复后效果满意。结论自体耳甲软骨移植联合假体置入隆鼻术,不仅使鼻的外形更加优美自然,而且可避免假体下滑、移位和外露等并发症的出现,值得临床推广应用。     

Silicone implants in augmentation rhinoplasty

During the past six years, we have treated 406 patients with classical silicon augmentation rhinoplasty. The types and incidence of complications after subcutaneous or subfascial implantation were examined and discussed. We proposed that most complications are related to the depth of the implant and the character of the tissues. In order to improve our operation and prove our hypothesis, we performed subperiosteal augmentation rhinoplasty in 22 cases with satisfactory results. At the same time, we investigated the biomechanical properties of human nasal periosteum and fascia, including tensile strength, stress-strain relationship and stress relaxation characters under uniaxial tension. Although less elastic, the periosteum has more tensile strength than fascia. So, in the view of biomechanics, the periosteum is thicker, tougher, and stiffer than fascia, thus more suitable for covering silicon implants.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯在鼻整形术中的应用

目的 探讨应用膨体聚四氟乙烯在鼻整形中应用价值.方法 局部麻醉下应用膨体聚四氟乙烯假体或复合自体耳甲腔软骨进行隆鼻手术.结果 本组20例患者术后随访鼻外形均良好,无免疫排斥反应、假体外露、假体摆动等情况发生.结论 膨体聚四氟乙烯在鼻整形中效果良好;假体复合自体耳甲腔软骨能有效延长鼻长度,抬高鼻尖.