胰腺假性囊肿43例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析43例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术8例（18.6%）,单纯囊肿切除10例（23.3%）,囊肿切除、胰尾部＋脾切除术3例（7.0%）,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合19例（44.2%）,囊肿胃吻合3例（7.0%）。结果术后发生并发症6例：1例囊肿胃吻合患者术后出现消化道出血,2例单纯囊肿外引流患者发生胰漏,1例囊肿空肠吻合者术后发生逆行感染,切口感染2例。随访37例,复发急性胰腺炎1例。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗度过急性期后,应根据病情选择合适的术式治疗。     

胰腺假性囊肿48例报告

目的 总结胰腺假性囊肿的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2012年12月收治的48例胰腺假性囊肿的临床资料.结果 非手术治疗8例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗40例:包括胰腺假性囊肿胃吻合11例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿十二指肠吻合1例;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合23例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术3例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘.结论 胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方法已趋于多样化,应根据患者的具体病情来选择适宜的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式.     

胰腺假性囊肿的外科治疗体会

回顾性分析5年余收治的25例胰腺假性囊肿的病例资料。行囊肿空肠吻合术7例，囊肿胃吻合术1例，单纯囊肿外引流术9例，内引流+外引流术2例，外引流+脾切除术1例，外引流+半胃切除+胃空肠吻合术1例，囊肿切除术1例，经皮穿刺置管引流术1例，非手术治疗2例。外引流术后1例因胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术，1例因胰瘘而再行瘘管切除术，1例囊肿胃吻合术后并发消化道出血经非手术治疗而愈，其余病例术后均痊愈。提示胰腺假性囊肿应根据不同情况选择不同的治疗方式，大多能治愈。     

胰腺假性囊肿治疗方式的临床分析

目的对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和临床效果进行分析。方法对2002年1月至2008年6月收治的42例胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式、效果、并发症进行回顾性分析。结果非手术治疗4例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗38例:包括胰腺假性囊肿-胃吻合9例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿-十二指肠吻合2例;囊肿-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合21例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;腹腔镜囊肿-胃内引流术1例;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术3例,术后有1例出现胰漏。结论胰腺假性囊肿的治疗已趋于多样化,需根据患者的具体病情来选择不同的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式;其中腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术,安全微创,疗效确切,值得推广。     

假性胰腺囊肿的外科手术治疗

目的对假性胰腺囊肿的外科手术治疗方式和效果进行评价。方法回顾性分析了我院1990年1月至2003年10月68例假性胰腺囊肿行手术治疗的方式、效果及并发症。结果行外科手术治疗的病人人数占同期假性胰腺囊肿治疗病人的48．9％(68／139)。手术方式包括：外引流术9例，死亡率11．1％(1／9)；囊肿胃吻合20例，术后消化道出血的发生率为35％(7／20)，死亡率5％(1／20)；囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合23例，术后消化道出血的发生率为13％(3／23)，死亡率4．3％o(1/23)；假性囊肿切除14例；囊肿十二指肠吻合1例；胰十二指肠切除1例。结论虽然目前假性胰腺囊肿的治疗可有多种选择，但仍有许多病人需要外科手术治疗。手术治疗应尽可能行内引流术，其中囊肿胃吻合术是一种简单合理的内引流术式，应作为首先。对于难以排除恶性的假性囊肿，应尽量手术切除。     

儿童外伤性胰腺炎13 例报告

目的：探讨儿童外伤性胰腺炎的临床特点及诊治方法。 方法：回顾性分析2003年1月—2011年12月收治的13例外伤性胰腺炎患儿的临床资料。 结果：13例患儿中,男8例,女5例;年龄5~12（7.22±3.54）岁。病因包括腹部钝挫伤7例,车祸伤4例,坠落伤2例,均为腹部闭合性损伤。9例胰腺I级损伤（2例合并肝挫伤）和3例II级损伤均采用抗感染、禁食、胃肠减压、全静脉营养,抑酶等保守治疗,其中4例出院1~2个月后并发胰腺假性囊肿,1例经对症治疗自行吸收,3例行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术（其中1例腹腔镜下探查拟镜下吻合未成功中转开腹）;1例胰腺III级损伤（合并脾挫伤）行腹腔镜下腹腔引流术,术后1个月并发胰腺假性囊肿,行腹腔镜探查,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。所有患儿均治愈。 结论：儿童外伤性胰腺炎应根据胰腺损伤程度不同采取不同治疗方法。腹腔镜下腹腔引流术是治疗儿童III级外伤性胰腺炎的有效方法之一,但与腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠吻合术一样仍需要进一步探索与总结。     

小儿胰腺假性囊肿36例诊疗体会

目的探讨小儿胰腺假性囊肿的临床特点及诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析本院近5年来收治的36例胰腺假性囊肿患儿的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、临床症状、治疗方式、治疗效果及有无并发症及复发等。结果男24例,女12例,年龄2岁5个月至12岁9个月,平均8岁2个月。保守治疗15例,其中1例术中发现为胆总管囊肿合并胰腺假性囊肿,行胆总管囊肿切除+空肠肝总管Roux-en-Y吻合术,胰腺假性囊肿保守治疗治愈,6例保守治疗效果不明显择期行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;直接行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术14例;囊肿外引流术6例;多发性囊肿1例行部分囊肿摘除+囊肿外引流术1例,所有病例均治愈,术后随访半年至两年未见复发。结论该病的治疗方法较多,应根据病程长短、囊肿大小、部位、与临近器官的关系及有无并发症采取个体化治疗。     

胰腺假性囊肿治疗方式的选择与评价

目的 对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和效果进行评价。方法 对1990年1月至2002年3月收治的114例胰腺假性囊肿的处理方式、效果及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果 25例未行手术治疗,其中23例在随访期间囊肿自行吸收。CT引导下经皮置管引流组29例,有效率67．85％。外科手术治疗60例,死亡率5％(3／60),手术方式包括：外引流8例,死亡率12．5％(1／8);假性囊肿切除13例;囊肿十二指肠吻合1例;囊肿胃吻合19例,术后消化道出血的发生率为36．8％(7／19),死亡率5．26％(1／19);囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合19例,术后消化道出血的发生率为15．8％(3／19),死亡率5．26％(1／19)。结论 CT引导下经皮置管引流创伤小,操作相对简单,是传统开腹外引流术的有效替代方式。虽然微创技术使胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式多样化,但仍有不少患者需要外科手术治疗。囊肿胃吻合术后消化道出血的发生率高于囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,但多数易于控制,仍然是一种简单合理的内引流术式。对于难以排除恶性的假性囊肿,应尽量手术切除。     

巨大胰腺假性囊肿外科内引流术式的选择

目的探讨巨大胰腺假性囊肿内引流术治疗的术式选择。方法回顾性分析收治且行囊肿内引流的13例巨大胰腺假性囊肿(长径15 cm)的临床资料。结果均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的6例,其中术后囊肿感染2例。囊肿胃吻合术3例,术后囊肿感染2例,消化道出血1例,其中2例需二次干预。囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术4例,其中囊肿胃一期内、外引流术2例,术后1例囊肿感染,非手术治疗后痊愈;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y一期内、外引流术2例,无术后并发症。全组无死亡病例。结论对部分巨大胰腺假性囊肿,囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术可能更为合适。对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的巨大胰腺假性囊肿,建议行囊肿胃一期内、外引流术。     

胰腺假性囊肿引流术术后复发的治疗

目的 探讨胰腺假性囊肿引流术术后复发的原因及手术方法的改进措施。方法 再手术17例均行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加外引流术。结果及结论 17例均痊愈。囊肿复发的原因多为囊肿引流不畅所致。治疗复发性胰腺假性囊肿理想的方法是低位囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合加外引流术。     

Experience of combined endoscopic percutaneous stenting with ultrasound guidance for drainage of pancreatic pseudocycts

The therapeutic options for treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts are numerous. We report our experience of combined endoscopic and ultrasound guided percutaneous stenting for pancreatic pseudocysts. Data were prospectively collected for 20 consecutive patients. All patients had undergone a standard technique of combined endoscopic and ultrasound guided percutaneous placement of double J stents, between a pancreatic pseudocyst and the stomach. Patients age ranged between 25 and 84 years. Thirteen of the pseudocysts were due to acute pancreatitis and 7 were due to chronic pancreatitis. The duration of the combined procedure was mean 50 min (range 30-95 min). The length of hospital stay was mean 5 days (range 2-77 days. Only two patients suffered postoperative complications; one was re-admitted 2 weeks following stenting with acute cholecystitis, the other suffering a perforated duodenal ulcer 3 weeks after stenting. There were two failures early in the series, both due to stent migration, these stents were of a small size, (4.7 French). Following this the stent size was increased to at least 7 French, no further failures occurred. There was no operative mortality for the series. Follow-up ranged between 6 months and 5 years. We conclude that a combined percutaneous and endoscopic cyst-gastrostomy stent is a safe and effective treatment for patients with suitably placed pseudocysts.     

Management of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: This review analyses the outcome for patients with acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts managed in two major referral centres. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1997, 33 patients were treated with either acute (n = 19) or chronic (n = 14) pseudocysts. Procedures performed included cystgastrostomy (64%), cystduodenostomy (6%), cystjejunostomy (3%), distal pancreatectomy with resection of pseudocyst (12%), laparotomy with external drainage (9%), endoscopic transpapillary stenting (3%) and endoscopic pancreatic duct sphincterotomy with percutaneous drainage of the pseudocyst (3%). RESULTS: All patients had resolution of their pseudocyst and no patient developed recurrence. There were no deaths in this series. There was a 9% incidence of major complications and a 21% incidence of minor complications. Outcome was excellent in 63% and good in 27% of patients. Two patients (6%) had persistent chronic pain and one patient (3%) had evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality provided patients are carefully selected and their medical management is optimized. Although minimally invasive techniques now offer a variety of treatment options, open surgical drainage is still indicated for a significant number of cases.     

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??Endoscopic??laparoscopic individualized treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts: An analysis of 68 cases YUAN Hai-cheng??QIN Ming-fang??WU Yu??et al. Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Tianjin Nankai Hospital??Tianjin 300100??China
Corresponding author??YUAN Hai-cheng??E-mail??ironyhc2002@Gmail.com
Abstract Objective To investigate endoscopic??laparoscopic individualized treatment strategies for pancreatic pseudocysts based on the guidance of endoscopic??laparoscopic treatment program of pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods The clinical data of 68 cases of pancreatic pseudocysts treated in accordance with endoscopic??laparoscopic treatment program of pancreatic pseudocysts between March 2000 and December 2010 in Tanjin Minimally Invasive Surgery Center were analyzed retrospectively. The data included the general information??treatment methods, success rate??recurrence rate and complications. Results There were 28 cases of EUS-guided through the stomach cyst drainage??12 cases of laparoscopic cyst-gastric anastomosis??5 cases of laparoscopic cyst-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis??23 cases of ERPD (5Fr pancreatic duct stent placed by endoscopy). Three cases had fever after EUS internal drainage. One case had peritonitis. There was no complication in other forms of treatment. Follow-up was last from six months to nine years in 82% (56/68) of cases without recurrence. Conclusion The endoscopic??laparoscopic treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst is more minimally invasive??can become individualized treatment strategies.     

Operative management of pancreatic pseudocysts in infants and children: a review of 75 cases.

This report combines the findings and treatment in 15 infants and children with pancreatic pseudocysts with 60 additional cases from a literature review. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.5 years with pseudocyst being more common in boys (44:31). Sixty per cent were due to trauma, while in 32% the cause was unknown. Abdominal pain (68%), a mass (64%), and vomiting (52%) were the most frequent findings. The serum amylase was elevated and the upper gastrointestinal contrast study consistent with a mass in 88% of cases. Operative treatment included external drainage in 25 children (33%), cystgastrostomy or cyst-jejunostomy in 34 (45%), excision in 10 (13%) and miscellaneous procedures in 6 (8%). Complications were relatively few and there were no deaths recorded. Recurrence rate for cyst-gastrostomy was 4.7%, cyst-jejunostomy 7.6%, external drainage 8% and cyst-duodenostomy 50%. External drainage operations had prolonged cutaneous drainage. These observations suggest the appropriate operation is determined by the location and duration of pseudocyst. Internal drainage is preferred and avoids complications seen following resection and external drainage. Cyst-gastrostomy is effective when the pseudocyst is retrogastric and adherent to the stomach wall. Cyst-jejunostomy is most useful in instances in which the pseudocyst in not adherent to the stomach wall. Low recurrence rates and a zero mortality rate makes operative treatment highly acceptable therapy. Low recurrence rates are expected in childhood cases, (particularly related to trauma) due to an absence of underlying pancreatic disease and ductal obstruction.     

ERCP in evaluating the mode of therapy in pancreatic pseudocyst

Twenty patients with ultrasonographic or computed tomographic diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst were referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Two of these were found at laparotomy not to have pseudocysts and were excluded. Pancreatography was successful in 15 out of 18 cases (83%) and cholangiography in 12 out of 18 cases (67%). Three types of pseudocysts were noticed according to the communication of the pseudocyst to the main pancreatic duct and the presence of pancreatic duct stenosis. Successful treatment included two spontaneous resolutions, two internal drainages and three left pancreatic resections. In the eight percutaneous external drainages four recurrences (50%) occurred, one after closure of temporary pancreatocutaneous fistula. All the recurrences occurred in Type III pseudocysts with communication of the pseudocysts to stenotic main pancreatic duct. In these cases internal drainage would have been the preferable treatment method. We believe that by ERCP one can identify pseudocysts not suitable for external drainage.     

Ultrasound-directed percutaneous endoscopic cyst-gastrostomy for the treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst

The incidence of pseudocysts in patients with chronic pancreatitis ranges from 20–40%. Unlike pseudocysts associated with acute pancreatitis, these do not usually resolve spontaneously. Traditionally, these cysts were drained surgically. More recently, however, they have been successfully managed with endoscopic drainage. This report reviews the history and results of nonsurgical pseudocyst management and describes a case of drainage obtained using an alternative method of ultrasound-directed percutaneous endoscopic cyst-gastrostomy. Received: 22 August 1997/Accepted 20 November 1997     

Pseudocyst treatment in chronic pancreatitis--surgical treatment of the underlying disease increases the long-term success

BACKGROUND: For reasons of persisting controversies concerning indications for surgery, we evaluated chronic pancreatitis patients following pancreatic head resection or drainage procedure for pseudocysts located in the pancreatic head. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 206 patients (166 male, 40 female) with chronic pancreatitis and pseudocysts in the pancreatic head were operated between April 1982 and July 2001. 169 patients (82%) were treated with the duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection, a pseudocyst-jejunostomy was performed in 37 patients (18%). RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 0.4%. The late mortality was 19% in a median follow-up of 7.3 years. The rate of patients with complete relief of pain was significantly higher after resection compared to drainage procedure in the long-term follow-up (94 vs. 75%; p = 0.003). With regard to recurrence of pseudocysts, patients had an elevated rate of reoperations following drainage procedure (13 vs. 1%; p = 0.008). The endocrine function was significantly better preserved in patients of the drainage group compared to the resection group (no diabetes 67 vs. 35%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The resection has, compared to drainage procedures alone, the advantage of low recurrence rate of pseudocysts and a high rate of pain-free patients in the long-term follow-up. However, the risk of diabetes is increased in the resection group.     

Blunt pancreatic injuries in children: the role of percutaneous external drainage in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts

During the past 10 years, 26 cases of blunt pancreatic trauma were diagnosed in our institution. In 42.3% (11/26) the accident was bicycle-related. Seventy-three percent of patients were seen within 48 hours of injury. The most frequent clinical presentations included abdominal pain, tenderness and vomiting. Diagnosis of pancreatic injury was suggested by hypermylasemia in most cases. Associated trauma was seen in seven patients (26.9%) and it was intraabdominal in four (15.3%). Computerized tomography (CT) scan is the single most useful radiologic investigation in evaluating pancreatic trauma. Ultrasound, although less accurate than CT scan in determining the severity of the initial injury, is useful in the evaluation and treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Pancreatic pseudocysts developed in ten patients. Spontaneous resolution occurred in five (50%). In three patients, percutaneous external drainage (PED) was successful in treating pancreatic pseudocysts without complications or recurrence at 11, 19, and 31 months. PED is a suitable form of treatment in selected cases of pancreatic pseudocysts. Results in children are better than in the adult population, probably due to the absence of primary pancreatic pathology. We believe that PED should be considered the primary therapeutic procedure for traumatic pancreatic collections prior to more invasive surgical treatment, when there is no evidence of pancreatic duct transection on CT scan.