PKP与高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法纳入自2012-02—2016-04诊治的100例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,行PKP治疗者50例(PKP组),行高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗者50例(PVP组)。比较2组术后VAS评分、ODI指数、伤椎前缘高度压缩比值、伤椎前缘高度恢复比值,以及骨水泥渗漏率。结果 2组术后VAS评分、ODI指数、伤椎前缘高度压缩比值较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但2组术后各时间点VAS评分、ODI指数差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PKP组术后3 d、12个月伤椎前缘高度压缩比值低于PVP组,伤椎前缘高度恢复比值高于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PVP组骨水泥渗漏发生率低于PKP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PKP、高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可明显减轻患者疼痛,改善患者功能障碍程度,PKP术后椎体高度恢复效果更优,而高粘度PVP骨水泥渗漏率较低。     

高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 :比较高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与低粘度骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效及影像学特征,评价高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗OVCFs的临床价值。方法:2015年6月~2016年12月我院收治单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者115例,其中65例行高粘度骨水泥PVP(A组),50例行低粘度骨水泥PKP(B组),两组患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、骨密度(BMD)均无统计学差异。统计两组患者的手术时间、术中透视次数、骨水泥用量、骨水泥渗漏、骨水泥弥散分布情况、伤椎椎体前缘高度和椎体后凸角(Cobb角)、术前和术后VAS评分及ODI等资料,应用SPSS 20.0进行统计学分析。结果:两组患者术后VAS评分、ODI、伤椎椎体前缘高度及Cobb角均较术前显著性改善(P0.01);两组间骨水泥渗漏率无显著性差异;A组手术时间、术中透视次数均显著性少于B组(P0.05)。A组骨水泥单侧弥散分布、双侧不对称分布、双侧对称分布分别为6例(9.2%)、12例(18.5%)、47例(72.3%),未弥散至终板、单侧终板弥散、双侧终板弥散分别为3例(4.6%)、16例(24.6%)、46例(70.8%);B组骨水泥单侧弥散分布、双侧不对称分布、双侧对称分布分别为33例(66.0%)、7例(14.0%)、10例(20.0%),未弥散至终板、单侧终板弥散、双侧终板弥散分别为17例(34.0%)、22例(44.0%)、11例(22.0%),两组间比较有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:高粘度骨水泥PVP治疗OVCF可获得良好的短期临床疗效,骨水泥可对称地弥散至椎体前柱两侧以及椎体上下终板,使伤椎均衡强化,有利于减少手术椎体再骨折风险,骨水泥渗漏风险与低粘度骨水泥PKP相当。     

网袋椎体成形术治疗伴椎体裂隙征的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨网袋椎体成形术治疗伴椎体内裂隙征的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCF)临床疗效。方法自2015年9月-2016年12月,共纳入OVCF患者62例,经CT检查均伴有椎体内裂隙征。依据手术方案的不同分为两组:观察组31例,均予以网袋椎体成形术治疗;对照组31例,均予以PKP手术治疗。对两组患者的骨水泥渗漏情况、手术疗效和伤椎矫正度进行比较。结果 (1)骨水泥渗漏:观察组2例发生骨水泥渗漏,发生率为6.45%;对照组发生6例,发生率为19.35%。观察组的渗漏率显著低于对照组(x~2=7.405; P=0.007)。(2)疗效观察:两组术后3 d和1年时,VAS评分和ODI指数均显著降低(P0.05);组间比较,两组术前、术后3 d和1年的两项指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)伤椎矫正度:两组术后3 d和1年时,伤椎后凸Cobb角与椎体前缘相对高度均获得良好矫正(P0.05);组间比较,两组术前、术后3 d和1年的两项指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论网袋椎体成形术治疗伴有椎体内裂隙征的OVCF患者,其疗效与传统PKP手术相近,但显著降低了骨水泥渗漏率。     

两种骨水泥治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的比较

目的比较应用高黏度骨水泥的经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)与应用普通(低黏度)骨水泥的经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)在治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果及并发症。方法 2014年6月至2015年6月青岛大学医学院附属烟台毓璜顶医院脊柱骨科收治的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,采用完全随机化方法将实验对象按入院先后顺序分为高黏度组和低黏度组,分别行PVP手术及PKP手术。各组均于术前及术后3 d、1个月、6个月摄腰椎正侧位片。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏数、骨水泥渗漏率,计算并比较各观察时间点的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)评分。结果高黏度组手术时间为18.3~30.6 min,平均为(25.3±3.8)min;低黏度组手术时间为27.9~44.3 min,平均为(36.8±4.2)min,两组手术时间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高黏度组骨水泥注入量3.8~5.5 m L,平均(4.2±0.3)m L;低黏度组骨水泥注入量3.7~5.9 m L,平均(4.3±0.5)m L,两组手术骨水泥注入量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。高黏度组发生骨水泥渗漏2例,均为椎旁软组织内渗漏,渗漏率7.14%;低黏度组发生骨水泥渗漏3例,1例为椎旁软组织内渗漏,2例为椎间盘内渗漏,渗漏率为10.71%,两组手术骨水泥的渗漏率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术前及术后各观察时间点的VAS评分及ODI指数评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用高黏度骨水泥的PVP与应用低黏度骨水泥的PKP在治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折方面具有相似的临床治疗效果,但应用高黏度骨水泥的PVP能显著缩短手术时间。在骨水泥的渗漏方面,高黏度骨水泥能显著降低骨水泥的渗漏率,具有更好的临床安全性。     

PKP术中应用骨水泥温度梯度灌注技术的可行性分析

目的利用骨水泥在不同温度下的凝固特点,探讨采用温度梯度灌注技术降低PKP手术中骨水泥渗漏率的可行性。方法自2013-01-2016-01,采用温度梯度灌注技术行PKP手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折83例89椎,作为观察组;另选取同期采用传统PKP手术治疗的75例83椎作为对照组,进行两组间的疗效和安全性对比。结果两组患者PKP术后的VAS评分、ODI评分等疗效观察指标,以及伤椎后凸角、伤椎前缘相对高度等影像学指标的改善程度均相对一致(P0.05);观察组骨水泥渗漏率仅为4.49%,显著低于对照组的13.25%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在PKP手术中利用骨水泥温度梯度灌注技术,可有效降低其骨水泥渗漏率,进一步提高该手术的安全性。     

单侧与双侧经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较单侧与双侧经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCFs)的临床疗效.方法 60例胸腰椎OVCFs患者分为两组,采用单侧PKP治疗31例38椎(单侧组)、双侧PKP治疗29例34椎(双侧组);比较两组术前、术后和术后6个月疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Cobb角及椎体高度、手术时间、X线照射时间及骨水泥注射量等,评价疗效.结果 60例患者均获随访,时间3 ～15(9.6±1.2)个月.患者疼痛均明显缓解;两组VAS评分、椎体Cobb角度、椎体前缘高度的恢复情况与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).双侧组手术时间、X线照射时间及骨水泥用量均大于单侧组(P＜0.05).结论 单侧PKP与双侧PKP治疗OVCFs疗效相似;但单侧PKP具有创伤小、手术时间短、放射暴露少、风险小等优点,应是治疗OVCFs的优先选择.     

骨填充网袋椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的比较

目的 比较骨填充网袋椎体成形术(vesselplasty)与经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)的疗效差异.方法 回顾性研究2015年1月 ～2017年12月收治的138例OVCFs的患者,根据手术方式分为vesselplasty组(30例)和PKP组(108例).记录两组手术时间、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率、骨水泥弥散面积率.比较两组VAS评分、伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角.结果 术后随访12～36个月,平均21.4个月.vesselplasty组的手术时间、骨水泥弥散面积率小于PKP组(P<0.05),两组骨水泥注入量比较无明显统计学差异(P>0.05).vesselplasty组骨水泥渗漏率为6.67％,PKP组为16.67％.两组患者术后1 d VAS评分较术前降低(P<0.05),末次随访时较术后1 d进一步降低(P<0.05).两组患者术后1 d伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角较术前改善(P<0.05),末次随访时较术后1 d无明显变化(P>0.05).两组各时间点的VAS评分、伤椎前缘高度及伤椎后凸Cobb角比较无明显统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 骨填充网袋椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可取得与经皮椎体后凸成形术相似疗效,且骨填充网袋椎体成形术能缩短手术时间、减少骨水泥渗漏.     

高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折的临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术两种疗法治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。[方法]将63例老年骨质疏松性单一椎体压缩骨折患者随机分为两组,分别采用PKP和高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗,记录两组患者术前术后VAS评分、椎体高度以及两种手术方式的骨水泥注入量、手术出血量、手术时间和骨水泥渗漏发生率,对所得结果进行统计学分析。[结果](1)两组患者手术前后VAS评分改善值、平均骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏发生率比较差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术组的手术出血量、手术时间少于PKP组且有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)PKP组术后椎体高度恢复优于高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术组且有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)术后影像学资料比较,PKP组患者骨水泥分布集中,密度较高;高黏度骨水泥组患者骨水泥呈弥散状分布,密度相对较低。[结论]高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术与PKP治疗老年性椎体压缩骨折均能有效缓解疼痛且效果相当,两者渗漏率无明显差别;PKP在椎体高度恢复方面具有优势,而高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术的手术时间较短,出血量较少。     

不同入路椎体成形术治疗老年OVCFs的疗效观察

目的 比较单侧和双侧入路经皮椎体成形术（PVP）对老年胸腰段骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折（OVCFs）的疗效。方法 将86例本院的OVCFs患者作为研究对象，根据手术入路方式，分为单侧组和双侧组。比较2组手术时间、骨水泥量、骨水泥渗漏率、骨水泥分布情况，椎体高度重建、Cobb角改善、邻近椎体骨折发生情况及疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）。结果 单侧组的手术时间、骨水泥量和骨水泥渗漏率均显著低于双侧组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,2组的骨水泥分布比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。术后1年，两组的椎体高度重建和Cobb角改善比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组邻近节段新发骨折比较，差异无统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者VAS评分和ODI评分随着术后时间延长均显著降低，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组同期VAS评分和ODI评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 单侧经椎弓根外入路PVP由于骨水泥渗漏率更低，更适用于胸腰段OVCFs。     

两种椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的疗效。方法 将116例OVCF患者根据术式不同分为PVP组(采用PVP治疗，66例)和PKP组(采用PKP治疗，50例)。记录两组手术情况、疼痛VAS评分、局部Cobb角以及骨水泥渗漏情况，比较手术前后伤椎前缘及中部高度压缩率。结果 患者均获得随访，时间10～39个月。手术时间PVP组短于PKP组(P<0.05),骨水泥注入量PKP组多于PVP组(P<0.05)。伤椎前缘及中部高度压缩率、疼痛VAS评分、局部Cobb角：两组术后3 d、末次随访均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),术后3 d、末次随访时两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PVP组28例(42.4%)骨水泥渗漏，PKP组28例(56.0%)骨水泥渗漏，骨水泥渗漏率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PVP和PKP治疗OVCF均能获得良好的疗效。与PVP比较，PKP在恢复椎体高度、改善局部Cobb角、减少骨水泥渗漏上无明显优势。     

The effect of cement gun and cement syringe use on the tibial cement mantle in total knee arthroplasty

Evidence suggests that a thicker cement mantle improves fixation strength and resistance to tensile and shear forces in the tibial component of total knee arthroplasty. A low proportion of orthopaedic surgeons currently use techniques to improve cement penetration in the tibial plateau. We demonstrate that the use of a pressurized cement gun or cement syringe provides a highly statistically significant difference (P < .001) to the depth of the tibial cement mantle and reduction in radiolucent lines when compared to cement applied by hand. This ensures a thicker cement mantle and may reduce the possibility of early failure by improving the strength of fixation and the resistance to tensile and shear forces. There is no statistical difference in the cement mantle produced by the cement syringe and the cement gun.     

PKP术中应用低温间断灌注技术治疗周壁破裂型OVCF

目的通过与温度梯度灌注技术进行比较,探讨低温间断灌注技术在经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体周壁破裂型骨质疏松性骨折中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2015年1月至2018年12月期间共60例周壁破损型骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,均为单椎体骨折,根据骨水泥灌注方法的不同分为温度梯度灌注组30例和低温间断灌注组30例。温度梯度灌注组男6例,女24例;平均年龄为(71.9±6.9)岁;低温间断灌注组男8例,女22例;平均年龄(69.7±7.2)岁。比较两组术前、术后2 d及末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI),椎体后凸角,伤椎椎体前缘相对高度,手术时间,骨水泥注射量,骨水泥分布面积比,骨水泥可推注时间(从开始推注到所有骨水泥至团块期晚期不可推注的时间),骨水泥渗漏率。结果温度梯度灌注组术后随访时间平均(15.3±8.4)个月;低温间断灌注组术后随访时间平均(18.6±8.2)个月,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组内术后2 d和末次随访时VAS评分、ODI评分较术前差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组内末次随访时与术后2d相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2 d和末次随访时,两组组间的VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余时间点VAS评分和ODI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前后及末次随访时,两组组间的伤椎前缘相对高度和伤椎椎体后凸角比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中低温间断灌注组的骨水泥可推注时间(12.1±1.0)min,显著长于温度梯度灌注组(5.3±1.1)min(P<0.05)。低温间断灌注组的骨水泥灌注量(3.9±0.79)mL,骨水泥分布面积比(0.46±0.10),均优于温度梯度灌注组(3.20±0.67)mL和(0.31±0.07),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低温间断灌注组有2例患者发生骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率6.7%,显著低于温度梯度灌注组的骨水泥渗漏率26.7%(P<0.05)。结论低温间断灌注技术可以有效延长骨水泥可推注时间,有利于提高骨水泥在椎体内的注射量和分布面积,降低骨水泥渗漏率的同时可获得更好的临床疗效。     

Characterization of Bone Cements

Thirty-seven patients with fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine treated with Harrington instrumentation were reviewed. Twenty-seven patients with a follow-up time of more than 2 years were summoned for a clinical and radiographic examination. This report presents the results related to reduction, stabilization, return of neural function, spinal posture and mobility, and residual disability. It is concluded that Harrington instrumentation can be performed without a substantial number of complications. Its major advantages are early mobilization and ambulation. The operative technique is discussed with special reference to the preservation of the normal configuration of the back. The value of computerized tomography in the preoperative assessment is stressed.     

椎体成形术中高黏度骨水泥渗漏分析

目的了解高黏度骨水泥在椎体成形术中的渗漏率、渗漏部位及其临床疗效等相关问题。方法回顾性分析本院自2013-06—2014-09行高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术42例的影像资料及临床病例,分析研究手术前后腰背部疼痛VAS评分,骨水泥渗漏部位及相关并发症等。结果患者术后24 h疼痛均明显缓解,视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)明显改善(P0.05),10例13个椎体(22.81%)出现骨水泥渗漏,椎体周围渗漏发生率(46.15%)最高,均未出现明显临床症状及体征。结论高黏度骨水泥能确切改善患者疼痛症状,渗漏率相对较低,且多无明显临床症状,适合临床应用。     

椎体成形术中骨水泥弥散分布等级的量效关系

目的 提出椎体成形术骨水泥弥散等级分级理论,对不同等级下的止痛效果、腰椎功能进行评价.方法 收集椎体成形术患者57例,根据正侧位X线片简便判断出骨水泥分布等级并进行分组,对术前、术后1周、术后3个月各组间止痛效果、腰椎功能障碍指数进行比较.结果 57例获得平均7个月的随访.57例中14例出现椎体周围骨水泥外渗的情况,未出现神经症状或原有症状加重,每个椎体内注入骨水泥量1.5～5.0(2.6±1.1)ml,57例根据骨水泥弥散等级分为3组,VAS、ODI评分各组内术后与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后1周、3个月的组间VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但在术后1周1级组与3级组ODI评分差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);而3个月后各组间ODI评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经皮椎体成形术(PVP)各级骨水泥弥散等级均可有效缓解椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,疼痛缓解程度与骨水泥弥散程度不成比例关系;但在椎体成形术后早期骨水泥弥散等级对脊柱功能障碍指数影响存在统计学意义,认为该分级方法对PVP术后早期脊柱功能评价存在临床指导意义.     

Factors affecting flexural strength in cement within cement revisions

Cement within cement revisions provide substantial benefits for conventional revision yet remains uncommon possibly because of the perceived weakness of the cement-cement interface. This study investigated the flexural strength of beams composed of 2 different cements, exploring the factors of pore size, fracture location, viscosity, and the surface roughness of the interface. We found no significant difference when comparing combinations of different cements (P = .30), varying pore sizes (P = .13), or surface roughness (P = .39). Differences in fracture locations and viscosity combinations approached statistical significance (P = .08 and .05, respectively). Our findings suggest strong bonding between cements at the interface, with other factors being more important causes of weakness. Thus, we recommend that the strength of the cement-cement interface should not be a factor when considering such revisions.     

Clinical investigations of polymethylmethacrylate cement viscosity during vertebroplasty and related in vitro measurements

Percutaneous vertebroplasty, comprising an injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into vertebral bodies, is a practical procedure for the stabilization of osteoporotic compression fractures as well as other weakening lesions. Cement leakage is considered to be one of the major and most severe complications during percutaneous vertebroplasty. The viscosity of the material plays a key role in this context. In order to enhance the safety for the patient, a rheometer system was developed to measure the cement viscosity intraoperatively. For this development, it is of great importance to know the proper viscosity to start the procedure determined by experienced surgeons and the relation between the time period when different injection devices are used and the cement viscosity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the viscosity ranges for different injection systems during conventional vertebroplasty. Clinically observed viscosity values and related time periods showed high scattering. In order to get a better understanding of the clinical observations, cement viscosity during hardening at different ambient temperatures and by simulation of the body temperature was investigated in vitro. It could be concluded, that the direct viscosity assessment with a rheometer during vertebroplasty can help clinicians to define a lower threshold viscosity and thereby decrease the risk of leakage and make adjustments to their injection technique in real time. Secondly, the acceleration in hardening of PMMA-based cements at body temperature can be useful in minimizing leakages by addressing them with a short injection break.     

A biomechanical analysis of treatment options for enchondromas of the hand

Purpose

Enchondromas are the most common benign bone tumor affecting the hand. Standard treatment has consisted of curettage with bone grafting. It has become increasingly common for surgeons to use biologic cement in these cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different treatment options used to fill voids after curettage of hand enchondromas to determine if any provide more rigid fixation.

Methods

A cadaveric model of hand enchondromas was designed by making a standardized size corticotomy (0.6 × 1.0 cm) in 60 cadaver metacarpals. Resultant voids were then filled with either no material, bovine demineralized bone matrix (Synthes Paoli, PA, USA), or one of two different calcium phosphate bone cements: a carbonated apatite (Synthes Norian SRS Skeletal Repair System) and a hydroxyapatite (Stryker HydroSet) calcium phosphate. An apex dorsal three-point bend was applied to the metacarpals through an MTS machine, and load to failure and stiffness were recorded.

Results

Biomechanically, load to failure for intact metacarpals was significantly superior to those in which a corticotomy was created (p = 0.04). There was a significant increase in load to failure between the metacarpals treated with the calcium phosphate bone cement and the negative controls (p = 0).

Conclusions

In a biomechanical analysis of a cadaveric model of hand enchondromas, calcium phosphate bone cement provided significantly increased strength as compared to curettage alone and approximated the strength of intact metacarpals. It is unknown whether the use of biologic cements in this clinical setting leads to less postoperative immobilization, earlier digital motion, a quicker return to work, or increased patient satisfaction.