主动脉瓣置换术650例临床分析

目的 总结主动脉瓣人工瓣膜置换术的临床经验.方法 主动脉瓣置换手术650例,年龄11～76岁,平均(43.2±12.6)岁.60岁以上52例.风湿性病变475例,先天性瓣叶畸形58例,退行性变49例,感染性心内膜炎(IE)47例,人工瓣膜感染性心内膜炎4例,外伤性2例.合并升主动脉瘤样扩张或主动脉夹层52例,冠心病36例,陈旧性脑血管意外14例,室间隔缺损10例,房间隔缺损2例,动脉导管未闭7例.心功能Ⅲ级385例,Ⅳ级119例.射血分数(EF)平均0.56±0.11,左室舒张末直径平均(LVED)(58.59±12.55)mm,左室舒张末容积(KVEDV)(191.58±89.88)ml,主动脉瓣跨瓣压差13.00～118.25 mm Hg(1mmHg=0.133kda).生物瓣占8.77%.主动脉瓣二次置换9例,同期行冠状动脉旁路术36例,主动脉大血管手术52例.体外循环110～208 mnin,升主动脉阻断54～129min.结果 人工瓣膜直径≤21 mm者术后跨瓣压差平均为30.00 mm Hg,直径>21 mm者术后跨瓣压差平均为23.00mmHg,差异有统计学意义.术后30d内死亡40例,1987-1996年死亡29例(9.21%);1997-2007年死亡11例(3.28%).平均随访58个月.结论 随着手术技术、心肌保护技术和围术期处理技术的提高,生物瓣的使用和对合并缺血性心脏病病人的再血管化,手术并发症和病死率明显下降.     

32例Wheat手术临床分析

目的　探讨主动脉瓣置换合并升主动脉扩张的外科处理方法。方法　 1996年至 2 0 0 2年间32例Wheat手术病人中男 2 5例 ,女 7例。平均年龄 ( 4 8 6± 8 9)岁。主动脉瓣病变主要是先天性二瓣化畸形 ( 19例 ,5 9% )。升主动脉内径 4 5～ 6 0mm ,平均 ( 5 2 2± 4 5 )mm。均在体外循环下行主动脉瓣和升主动脉置换。结果　无手术和住院死亡。心功能均恢复至I～II级。平均随访 2 2个月 ,无死亡 ,无远期假性动脉瘤发生。结论　Wheat手术对需要主动脉瓣置换同时合并单纯升主动脉扩张的治疗是一种简单有效的术式     

牛心包主动脉瓣叶置换术在主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形合并主动脉瓣反流中的应用

目的探讨主动脉瓣叶牛心包置换术在主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形合并主动脉瓣反流患者中的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2013年12月武汉亚洲心脏病医院主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形合并主动脉瓣重度反流的79例患者行主动脉瓣叶牛心包置换术的临床资料。其中男60例、女19例,平均年龄12~78(38±14)岁。全组心功能分级(NYHA)均为Ⅱ级。主动脉窦管交界及升主动脉扩张患者26例。结果全组无死亡及并发症发生。术后即刻经食管超声心动图提示手术成功重建主动脉瓣,瓣叶均有正常对合,所有患者主动脉瓣反流均在1级以内,跨主动脉瓣峰压差(14.2±2.8)mm Hg。住院时间15 d,没有任何不良症状。全组患者随访9~64(50±16)个月。术后心功能均为Ⅰ级。末次随访显示:主动脉瓣反流0级57例,1级16例,2级5例,3级1例;跨主动脉瓣峰压差(12.4±3.2)mm Hg;主动脉窦管交界及升主动脉扩张患者窦管交界平均直径为2.7 cm,窦管交界形态正常;超声测量主动脉瓣对合缘高度为0.58 cm。随访中无死亡和需要二次手术患者。随访中未见牛心包瓣叶结构性衰败。结论对于主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形合并严重主动脉瓣反流的患者,主动脉瓣三叶牛心包置换术具有良好的血流动力学和中期效果。对于主动脉窦管交界及升主动脉扩张的患者,需要同期行主动脉窦管交界及升主动脉成形术。     

49例儿童先天性主动脉瓣狭窄的外科治疗

目的 回顾性总结先天性主动脉瓣狭窄患儿手术治疗的效果及经验.方法 2006年2月至2011年11月,共收治49例先天性主动脉瓣狭窄患儿,男29例,女20例;年龄1个月～ 14岁;体质量3.2 ～47.0 kg.轻度狭窄2例,中度狭窄21例,重度狭窄26例.术前跨瓣压差45～123 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),平均(74.9±20.4)mm Hg.单纯主动脉瓣狭窄14例,伴有中—重度反流4例.伴其他心内畸形33例,包括室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、主动脉缩窄、左心室流出道狭窄、二尖瓣瓣上环等.行主动脉瓣交界切开术31例,主动脉瓣成形术9例,主动脉瓣置换术2例,Ross手术1例,Ross-Konno手术2例,Konno+主动脉瓣置换术4例.术后随访2～55个月,平均20个月.评估患儿心功能、主动脉瓣跨瓣压差及瓣膜反流程度.结果 死亡1例,生存患儿术后心功能良好,左心室射血分数0.69±0.10,短轴缩短分数0.38±0.09.术后跨瓣压差20 ～ 73 mm Hg,平均(38.6±15.8)mm Hg,较术前降低(36.2±18.3)mm Hg(P ＜0.001).40例患儿行主动脉瓣交界切开和成形,术后主动脉瓣反流程度为无或轻微8例,轻度25例,中度7例.1例主动脉瓣交界切开术后因切开处复粘连再次行交界切开术.结论 先天性主动脉瓣狭窄的患儿如无明显反流,可行主动脉瓣交界切开术或同时行主动脉瓣成形术,如果反流中度以上,则需根据患儿年龄等情况选择合适的手术方法.     

Manouguian法瓣环增宽加主动脉瓣置换术治疗成人小主动脉瓣环

目的总结成人主动脉瓣狭窄伴小主动脉瓣环行瓣环增宽并替换主动脉瓣的经验。方法 12例病人行主动脉瓣环增宽并替换主动脉瓣。手术径路均采用Manouguian法:将主动脉斜切口下延伸,经无冠瓣与左冠瓣交界处向下,垂直切开瓣环至二尖瓣基部。采用绦纶片内衬自体心包片作为增宽材料,替换23 mm或25 mm主动脉瓣;同期行二尖瓣替换4例。结果 1例同期行二尖瓣置换者因严重低心排死于手术当晚;1例术后第7 d因心包填塞经剑突下引流后痊愈;肺部感染并发呼吸功能不全1例,经气管切开及呼吸机支持1周后痊愈;1例主动脉根部明胶海绵物填充后感染于术后12 d再次开胸清除腐烂明胶海绵,并留管冲洗引流而愈。本组术后住院13~20 d,平均(16.2±1.5)d;11例患者均获随访,时间5~84个月,平均(36.7±21.2)个月,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级6例,无远期死亡。结论对大多数小主动脉瓣环,采用Manouguian术式简单易行,不需切开二尖瓣基部,已能满足替换23 mm或25 mm瓣膜,增宽材料易得,效果可靠。     

主动脉瓣重度狭窄171例外科治疗分析

目的 总结主动脉瓣重度狭窄行瓣膜置换术患者的外科治疗经验.方法 1990年12月至2006年12月共有171例主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者接受主动脉瓣置换术.其中男性135例,女性36例;年龄10-75岁,平均(45.8±15.6)岁;病程2个月-52年.主动脉瓣病变的病因依次为风湿性75例、老年性66例、二叶瓣畸形26例及其他先天性主动脉瓣畸形4例.单独主动脉瓣置换124例,主动脉瓣置换+升主动脉置换7例,主动脉瓣置换+冠状动脉旁路移植5例,主动脉瓣置换+二尖瓣成形19例,主动脉瓣置换+升主动脉成形8例,主动脉瓣置换+主动脉根部拓宽8例(Nicks法).结果 全组患者平均手术时间(4.4±0.6)h,心肺转流时间(124.7±38.5)min,其中主动脉阻断时间(78.3±21.7)min,术中平均出血量(754.5±518.4)ml,所有患者均顺利完成手术并脱离心肺转流.术后早期并发症发生率为12.3%(21/171),包括低心排血量综合征7例,多脏器功能衰竭3例,心内膜炎1例,肾功能不全4例,心室颤动1例,开胸止血2例,Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞2例,纵隔感染1例.全组手术死亡率5.8%(10/171),死于心力衰竭4例,心律失常1例,多脏器功能衰竭4例,感染性心内膜炎1例.结论 主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者的外科治疗对手术技术及围手术期处理经验要求较高,积极行瓣膜置换手术效果满意.     

升主动脉成形术中期效果分析

目的 分析升主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张病人的中期随访结果并总结其临床经验.方法 1996年10月至2007年4月对54例主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张的病人行主动脉瓣膜置换和升主动脉成形术,术后随访13～96个月,平均(23±16)个月.分别于术前、出院前及术后随访中,通过心脏超声检查测量升主动脉直径.结果 围术期死亡2例.术前升主动脉直径(45.77±6.02)mm与出院前升主动脉直径(34.67±4.81)mm二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后随访升主动脉直径(37.65±6.35)砌与术前及术后出院前比较差异亦均有统计学意义(P<0.01).单纯主动脉瓣狭窄的基础病变和术后出院前升主动脉直径大于40mm是升主动脉再扩张的独立风险因素.结论 升主动脉成形术中未用人工血管包裹治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张或者升主动脉瘤的中期疗效欠佳.单纯主动脉瓣狭窄是这种术式的适应证,成形术必须将主动脉直径减至40mm以下,以减少远期再扩张.     

微创主动脉瓣置换术及术后早期结果

目的 探讨微创主动脉瓣置换术的可行性及效果.方法 回顾性分析2010年6月至2011年10月,20例单纯微创主动脉瓣置换术,男12例,女8例;平均年龄(47.60±12.28)岁.患者采用双腔气管插管,股动、静脉插管建立体外循环,右胸骨旁第3肋间切口,腋前线第4肋间置入阻断钳阻断升主动脉,完成主动脉瓣置换术.结果 全组无死亡,1例因主动脉吻合口出血转为前正中开胸行升主动脉置换术,所有患者均顺利出院.19例微创主动脉瓣置换术患者平均体外循环(124.00±39.83)min,主动脉阻断(97.21±33.17) min,气管插管(13.55±3.87)h,术后ICU停留(16.34±3.82)h,术后平均住院(6.63±1.45)天.未输血患者13例.平均切口长度(4.73±0.54)cm.术后复查无瓣周漏,无瓣膜功能障碍.电话或门诊随访,l例因脑梗塞死亡,余19例均恢复良好,没有瓣周漏,心功能Ⅰ级.结论 采用股动、静脉插管技术建立体外循环,右胸第3肋间微小切口完成微创主动脉瓣置换术,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,出血、输血少,美容效果好,安全可靠,值得推广.     

保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的疗效分析

目的评价使用保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的临床应用疗效。方法 2001年2月至2010年9月阜外心血管病医院对60例主动脉根部瘤患者行保留主动脉瓣主动脉根部置换术,其中男44例,女16例;年龄9～64(37.2±13.0)岁。主动脉夹层15例,升主动脉瘤10例,马方综合征25例,主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形2例。行主动脉根部重建术53例,主动脉瓣瓣叶再植术7例。比较术前、术后心功能及主动脉瓣反流程度等指标。结果全组中无手术死亡和严重并发症发生,呼吸机使用时间中位数为13(2～1 110)h,住ICU时间1～18(2.7±2.5)d。术后复查超声心动图提示:主动脉瓣反流程度均明显减轻,仅3例为中大量反流,其余无反流或微少量反流。术后随访2～122(61.5±35.9)个月,随访56例,失访4例,随访期间死亡9例,生存率83.9%(47/56)。2例因主动脉瓣反流分别于术后13个月和14个月再次入院行主动脉瓣置换术。47例患者心功能较术前明显改善,心功能Ⅰ级35例(74.4%),Ⅱ级8例(17.0%)。免于主动脉瓣中重度反流40例(85.1%)。结论保留瓣叶的主动脉根部置换术治疗主动脉根部瘤的远期疗效满意,瓣膜相关并发症发生率低。     

主动脉瓣环扩大联合环上瓣置换术治疗成人小瓣环主动脉瓣狭窄近中期疗效分析

目的评价主动脉瓣环扩大联合环上瓣置换术治疗成人小瓣环主动脉瓣狭窄的近中期结果。方法对2007年1月至2011年7月北京安贞医院心外科38例成人小瓣环主动脉瓣狭窄患者行主动脉瓣环扩大后植入环上型人工瓣膜,男12例、女26例,年龄16~58（38.6±21.0）岁,体重48~78（58.5±12.0）kg,身高153~176（162.8±12.0）cm,体表面积（1.67±0.32）m2。风湿性主动脉瓣狭窄19例,先天性主动脉瓣二叶瓣畸形合并狭窄11例,主动脉瓣退行性钙化伴狭窄5例,主动脉瓣狭窄合并感染性心内膜炎3例。入院时心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级29例,Ⅳ级1例。主动脉瓣环内径15~20（17.6±2.8）mm,平均跨瓣压差53~75（62.8±10.5）mm Hg。结果体外循环时间83~145（112±29）min,升主动脉阻断时间58~116（87±28）min,手术中测瓣器测得主动脉瓣环径15~20（17.3±2.6）mm,扩大瓣环后测瓣器测得瓣环径20~25（22.6±2.3）mm,主动脉瓣环周径增加12~17（14.0±2.6）mm,植入瓣膜增加2~3个标号。无围手术期死亡,无出血等严重并发症。住ICU时间12~41（26±14）h,总住院时间9~15（12.5±3.2）d。37例（97.4%）门诊随访2年以上,所有患者心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级,3例主动脉瓣听诊区存在2/6级收缩期杂音。35例心电图显示左心室肥厚心电图表现显著改善或消失,2例表现为左心室轻度肥厚劳损,无明显心肌缺血表现,无室性心律失常及严重房室传导阻滞。结论主动脉瓣环扩大联合环上瓣置换术治疗成人小瓣环主动脉瓣狭窄近中期效果满意,远期结果有待进一步随访。     

Different hemodynamic stress of the ascending aorta wall in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve

It is unclear whether ascending aorta dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve is caused by abnormal hemodynamics or by a common developmental defect of the aortic valve and aortic wall. We performed an echocardiographic study to examine the differences in hemodynamic stress at the ascending aorta in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve. We studied prospectively 58 consecutive patients referred for preoperative echocardiographic examination with aortic valve stenosis and either bicuspid or tricuspid valve and an ascending aortic diameter of 相似文献   

A case of ascending aortic dissection after aortic valve replacement in congenital bicuspid aortic valve]

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve is a risk factor of aortic dissection, but the case is rare in Japan. Several reports described ascending aortic aneurysm after aortic valve replacement. In these reports, most of aneurysms were false aneurysm, but the cases of ascending aortic dissection were rare. In this case, dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta occurred 4 years after aortic valve replacement, which was performed with mechanical prosthesis because of infective endocarditis, and it was repaired successfully by the modified Cabrol's method. This case was congenital bicuspid aortic valve, and had already been complicated with moderate aortic dilatation in the ascending aorta. In patients of congenital bicuspid aortic valve with aortic dilatation, consideration of complete replacement of the ascending aorta with aortic valve replacement is important.     

Thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve.

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve is a relatively rare malformation. It is reported that the presence of this anomaly predisposes the patient to development of true aortic aneurysms or dissecting aortic aneurysms. Between 1981 and August 1997, 25 patients with an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve underwent surgical treatment at the authors' institution. There were 20 males and five females. The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 74 years (mean 53 years). There were 18 patients with true ascending aortic aneurysms (of which 10 presented with annulo-aortic ectasia) and seven with dissecting aortic aneurysms (four with DeBakey type I dissection, two with type II and one with type IIIb). These 25 patients constituted 2.6% (25/973) of all cases of surgical operations for aneurysms in the thoracic aorta. Aortic valve dysfunction was noted in 20 patients. The authors performed a valved conduit operation in nine patients, aortic valve replacement and wrapping of the ascending aorta in six, graft replacement of the ascending aorta in five, graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch in four, and graft replacement of the descending aorta in one. No hospital deaths occurred in the authors' patients. Pathological examination of surgical specimens of the aortic wall showed cystic medial necrosis in 11 patients and mucoid degeneration in nine. In patients with congenital bicuspid aortic valve, attention should be paid to aneurysmal dilatation and aortic dissection as complications in addition to valve dysfunction.     

Aortic shear stress in patients with bicuspid aortic valve with stenosis and insufficiency

Objectives

Bicuspid aortic valve, characterized by valve malformation and risk for aortopathy, displays profound alteration in systolic aortic outflow and wall shear stress distribution. The present study performed 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in patients with bicuspid aortic valve with right-left cusp fusion, focusing on the impact of valve function on hemodynamic status within the ascending aorta.

Histologic abnormalities of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease: clinical relevance to the ross procedure.

OBJECTIVE: Bicuspid aortic valve disease is often associated with dilation of the aortic root and ascending aorta. This study examines the histologic features of the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery of patients with and without aortic valve disease. METHODS: Samples from ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery were obtained at the time of the operation from 20 patients with bicuspid aortic valve and 11 patients with tricuspid aortic valve disease. In addition, samples were also obtained from autopsy cases with normal aortic valve. The histologic changes were graded from 1 to 3 according to severity of degenerative changes. RESULTS: In the ascending aorta, the severity of cystic medial necrosis (P =.001), elastic fragmentation (P =.002), and changes in the smooth muscle cell orientation (P =.002) were significantly more severe in patients with bicuspid than in those with tricuspid aortic valve disease. In the pulmonary trunk specimens, those 3 histologic features were also significantly more severe in patients with bicuspid than those with tricuspid valves (P =.001, P =.01, and P =.04, respectively). Seventy-five percent of patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease had grade 3 degenerative changes, whereas only 14% of those patients with tricuspid aortic valve disease had similar degrees of degenerative changes. CONCLUSION: Patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease have more severe degenerative changes in the media of the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery than patients with tricuspid aortic valve disease. These findings may explain root and ascending aortic dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease and pulmonary autograft dilation in certain patients after the Ross procedure.     

Surgery for aortic dissection associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve is a relatively rare malformation. It is reported that the presence of this anomaly predisposes the patient to the development of dissecting aortic aneurysms. Between 1981 and October 1997, 7 patients with aortic dissection associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve underwent surgical treatment at our institution. The patients consisted of six males and one female. The age of the patients ranged from 54 to 74 years (mean 61 years). The classification of dissecting aortic aneurysms was DeBakey type I dissection in 4 patients, type II dissection in 2 patients and type IIIb dissection in 1 patient. These 7 patients constituted 2.0% (7/356) of all cases of surgical operation for dissecting thoracic aneurysm. Aortic valve dysfunction was noted in 5 patients, 4 of whom had previously undergone aortic valve replacement. We performed graft replacement of the ascending aorta in 4 patients, graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch in 2 patients, and graft replacement of the descending aorta in 1 patient. There were no hospital deaths in any of the 7 patients. Pathological examination of surgical specimens of the aortic wall showed cystic medial necrosis in 2 patients and mucoid degeneration in 4 patients. In addition to complication by valve dysfunction, patients with congenital bicuspid aortic valve are at risk for the development of aortic dissection.     

Stenosis of the bicuspid aortic valve with systemic lupus erythematosus

We herein present a rare case of severe aortic valve stenosis with a bicuspid valve in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. The symptoms resulted from aortic valve stenosis, such as chest pain, dyspnea and syncope, which subsided after the insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump. Thereafter, a calcified bicuspid aortic valve was successfully replaced with a mechanical valve. The pathological findings of the resected valve included irregular fibrotic thickening and marked calcification without any vegetation or thrombus formation. The efficacy of an intra-aortic balloon pump for the relief of symptoms associated with severe aortic valve stenosis indicates its usefulness for such critically ill patients prior to undergoing valvular surgery.     

Two decades of experience with root remodeling and valve repair for bicuspid aortic valves

Objective

Bicuspid aortic valve anatomy is associated with ascending aortic aneurysm in approximately 50% of individuals and may lead to severe aortic regurgitation with aortic dilatation. Both entities may be treated by valve repair and root remodeling. The objective was to review the cumulative experience of 20 years.

Remodeling of the aortic root and reconstruction of the bicuspid aortic valve

BACKGROUND: Currently, isolated reconstruction of a regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve can be performed with adequate early results. Dilatation of the proximal aorta is known to be associated with this valve anomaly and may be partially responsible for the development of primary regurgitation or secondary failure of valve repair. We have used repair of the bicuspid valve with remodeling of the aortic root as an alternative to insertion of a composite graft. METHODS: Between October 1995 and May 1999, 16 patients (12 men, 4 women, aged 35 to 73 years) were seen with a regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve and dilatation of the proximal aorta of more than 50 mm. All patients underwent repair of the valve using either coapting sutures alone (n = 12) or in combination with triangular resection of a median raphe (n = 4). Using a Dacron graft, the aortic root was remodeled and the ascending aorta (n = 16) and proximal arch (n = 4) replaced. RESULTS: No patient died. The postoperative degree of aortic regurgitation was less than grade II in all patients. Valve function has remained stable in all patients between 2 and 43 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of the regurgitant bicuspid valve in the presence of proximal aortic dilatation is feasible with good results by combining the root remodeling technique with valve repair.