平山病患者颈椎曲度和相邻节段椎体屈曲度与脊髓萎缩的相关性

目的:观察平山病患者颈椎曲度、相邻节段椎体屈曲度与脊髓萎缩的相关性,为手术治疗平山病提供依据.方法:对2006年10月～2010年10月我院确诊的36例平山病患者进行回顾性分析.术前均行颈椎侧位、过伸、过屈位X线片检查与中立位MRI检查.在X线片上用Borden法测量C2～C7颈椎曲度(颈椎生理曲线的深度,即弧弦距),用椎体后缘切线法测量C3～C7相邻椎体曲度在中立位与屈曲位时的差值即为相邻椎体屈曲度:在中立位MRI上观察矢状位脊髓萎缩情况,测量C3～C7各节段椎体上缘水平脊髓横断面面积.根据颈椎曲度测量结果,将患者分为:颈椎正常前凸,7mm≤弧弦距≤17mm;颈椎变直或轻度后凸,1mm＜弧弦距＜7mm;颈椎中度后凸,-4mm＜弧弦距≤1mm;颈椎重度后凸,弧弦距≤-4mm.对各相邻椎体屈曲度与中立位MRI上相应节段颈髓的横断面积进行相关性分析.结果:颈椎正常前凸8例;颈椎变直或轻度后凸13例;中、重度后凸15例,其中14例后凸顶椎为C5,1例为C4.在中立位MRI上,共有14例颈脊髓萎缩变细,分布集中在C4～C7节段.颈椎曲度变直及后凸的患者脊髓萎缩的发生率为13/28,明显高于颈椎正常前凸患者的1/8 (P＜0.01).C3～C7各相邻椎体屈曲度之间有显著性差异(P＜0.05),C5～C7椎体屈曲度较C3～C5更大(P＜0.05).各相应节段脊髓面积也有显著性差异(P＜0.05),C5～C7颈脊髓横截面积较C3～C5更小(P＜0.05).相邻节段之间的屈曲度与相应节段脊髓横截面积之间呈负相关(r=-0.205,P＜0.05),C5～C6相邻椎体屈曲度与相应脊髓横截面积之间呈负相关(r=-0.536,P＜0.05).结论:颈椎曲度及相邻节段椎体屈曲度的异常改变是平山病的重要特征,可能是导致平山病患者颈脊髓萎缩的重要因素,手术治疗平山病的关键在于限制颈椎过度活动,恢复颈椎正常曲度.     

新的枕颈中立位影像学参数：枕颈倾斜度

目的通过枕颈倾斜度(occipitocervical inclination,OCI)与枕颈矢状位各参数间的相关性研究,评价枕颈倾斜度的临床应用价值。方法通过北京大学首钢医院骨科门诊招募无颈肩部症状的416名志愿者,其中男性177例,女性239例;年龄18-85岁,平均(49.44±14.54)岁。运用PACS系统在标准侧位颈椎X线片上测量OCI、枕颈角(occipitocervical angle,OCA)、颈椎前凸角(cervical lordosis,CL)、C2-7矢状位平衡(C2-7sagittal vertical axis,C2-7SVA)、T1椎体倾斜角(T1slope,T1S)等矢状位参数,运用SPSS 20.0进行统计分析。结果 OCI、OCA、CL、T1S、SVA分别为(111.14±8.68)°、(22.97±8.02)°、(17.02±11.32)°、(26.47±6.90)°、(19.08±9.48)mm,其中OCA、CL、T1S男女性别之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OCI与OCA、SVA之间的Pearson相关系数r分别为0.623(P<0.001)、0.433(P<0.001)。结论枕颈倾斜度是一个测量简便、稳定可靠的枕颈部矢状位参数;我们推荐中国人正常的OCI值为110°,可为术中快速有效的确定枕颈部中立位以及评价颈椎矢状位平衡提供临床参考。     

颈椎融合术后邻近节段退变的相关影响因素

目的 :探讨颈椎融合术后邻近节段退变(adjacent segment degeneration,ASD)的相关影响因素。方法:收集2009年1月31日~2011年1月31日在我科行颈椎前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗的患者,按照纳入和排除标准,共有235例患者纳入本研究,其中男126例,女109例,手术时年龄33~70岁,随访时间5~7年。在术前、术后1周以及末次随访时均行颈椎标准正侧位X线片及MRI检查,记录患者的年龄、性别、随访时间、融合节段数等,通过X线片测量并计算术前颈椎管率、手术前后颈椎弧弦距、钢板边缘至手术节段椎体边缘的距离(plate to disc distance,PDD)等影像学指标。根据X线片上Kellgren退变分级法和MRI上Miyazaki椎间盘退变分级法,将患者分为无ASD组和影像学ASD组。采用t检验及χ2检验比较两组间各指标的差异,用Logistic回归分析ASD的相关影响因素。结果 :末次随访时共有107例患者(45.53%)出现影像学ASD。影像学ASD组患者手术时年龄为39~70岁(53.47±6.33岁),术后弧弦距为0~10.30mm(5.58±2.34mm),上、下PPD均5mm 50例,上或下PPD5mm 43例,上、下PPD均≥5mm 14例;无ASD组患者年龄为33~61岁(47.56±5.39岁),术后弧弦距0.10~11.21mm(7.63±2.85mm),上、下PPD均5mm 39例,上或下PPD5mm 62例,上、下均≥5mm 27例,两组患者手术时年龄、术后弧弦距、PDD差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组性别比、融合节段数、术前弧弦距、术前与术后弧弦距的差值以及术前颈椎管率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示手术时年龄、PDD、术后弧弦距与ASD发生率均有显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:手术时年龄、术后颈椎弧弦距、PDD与颈椎融合术后影像学ASD显著性相关,手术时年龄越大、术后颈椎生理前凸恢复不佳以及PDD5mm更容易发生ASD。     

C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后颈椎矢状位序列的变化及其与颈椎功能的相关性

目的:探究颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后全颈椎矢状位序列的变化,探讨颈椎矢状位序列变化的意义及其与患者颈椎功能状态的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院2015年1月～2018年7月收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者164例,其中男性95例,女性69例,年龄64.8±18.3(48～86)岁。随访时间22.7±11.3(9～46)个月。所有患者均行C3-7后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。在患者术前和末次随访的颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位序列参数:C1-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、颈椎弧弦距(cervical arc chord distance,CACD)、颈倾角(cervical tilting,CERT)、颅倾角(cranial tilting,CRAT)、颈总角(cervical global alignment,CGA)、T1倾斜角(thoracic 1 slope,T1S),C7倾斜角(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂线轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。记录入组患者术前及末次随访时颈痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)及改良日本骨科协会评分(modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association,mJOA)评分,采用配对样本t检验比较手术前后各参数的变化,Pearson相关性分析颈椎矢状位序列参数变化之间的相关性及与颈椎功能状态评分(颈痛VAS、mJOA评分)的相关性。结果:颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后T1S较术前减小1.25°±3.34°(21.38°±7.54°vs 20.13°±7.16°,P=0.004),C7S较术前减小0.44°±4.23°(28.05°±7.72°vs 27.61°±7.81°,P=0.012),C2-7 Cobb角较术前减小5.51°±6.88°(15.92°±12.57°vs10.40°±10.93°,P0.001),CACD较术前减小1.50±3.92mm (6.94±5.69mm vs 5.44±5.52mm,P=0.003),CERT较术前减小2.23°±5.27°(13.45°±6.37°vs 11.22°±6.78°,P=0.001),C2-7 SVA较术前增大3.35±9.90mm (18.20±9.05mm vs 21.55±10.65mm,P=0.009),C1-2 Cobb角较术前增大2.06°±5.09°(39.56°±0.46°vs 41.62°±0.70°,P=0.002)。末次随访VAS(1.52±1.47分)显著高于术前(1.02±1.12分,P=0.007)。Pearson相关性分析显示C2-7SVA、CACD、CGA、C2-7 Cobb角、C1-2 Cobb角、CERT、CRAT的变化相互之间有显著统计相关性(P0.05)。手术前后VAS的变化与C2-7 SVA (r=0.462,P0.001)、C1-2 Cobb角(r=0.362,P0.01)及CRAT (r=0.323,P0.01)的变化呈正相关,与CGA(r=-0.316,P0.01)及CACD变化(r=-0.344,P0.01)呈负相关,mJOA评分手术前后的变化与C2-7 SVA(r=0.273,P0.05)及C1-2 Cobb角(r=0.298,P0.05)的变化呈正相关。结论:C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后出现下颈椎生理曲度变直,头部重心位置前移,上颈椎及颈胸段脊柱过伸。C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后轴性症状加重与颈椎矢状位序列的变化有关。     

外推髌骨切线位应力像在髌股关节不稳定诊断中的应用

目的探讨外推髌骨切线位应力像在髌股关节不稳定诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2015-06手术治疗的20例复发性髌骨脱位。采用Laurin位,C型臂X线机透视摄髌骨切线位像,检查者用最大力量将髌骨向外侧推移,分别摄患侧与健侧膝关节髌骨在最大外推力下切线位X线透视片。结果 14例在外推应力下髌骨能够越过股骨外侧髁的最高点。患侧髌骨倾斜角为(24.3±7.5)°,健侧为(21.3±7.8)°,二者差异无统计学意义(P=0.311)。患侧髌骨外移距离明显大于健侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。患侧髌骨相对于股骨滑车宽度的外移比大于健侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。患侧髌骨相对于髌骨宽度的外移比大于健侧,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论采用外推髌骨切线位应力像评估髌股关节不稳定,可进行复发性髌骨脱位的临床诊断,结果稳定可靠。     

枕头与颈型颈椎病患者颈椎解剖关系的实验研究

目的研究枕头与颈型颈椎患者颈椎的解剖关系。方法85例颈型颈椎病患者随机平卧于Ⅲ-1型、Ⅲ-4型、Ⅲ-弱型、Ⅲ-强型枕头与零枕头、木棉枕、天年素枕、涤纶枕上,用CT分别测量颈椎弧弦距等,使用SPSS 15.0软件进行方差分析。结果按方法中枕头的顺序,弧弦距分别是:(1.6±4.0)mm,(2.7±3.6)mm,(3.4±3.7)mm,(4.7±3.1)mm,(3.3±4.3)mm,(-2.0±3.7)mm,(0.7±3.7)mm,(0±3.9)mm,Ⅲ-强型与其他七种枕头之间,P0.05。结论不同的枕头造成颈型颈椎患者颈椎不同的解剖形态。     

Bending片在预测退变性脊柱侧凸矫形效果中的作用

[目的]评价术前Bending位X线片对退变性脊柱侧凸(degenerative scoliosis,DS)术后矫形效果的预测能力,并比较Bending位X线片对预测单纯后路矫形与后路截骨矫形手术效果的差异。[方法]65例接受脊柱矫形手术的DS患者纳入研究,选取每位患者的站立位全脊柱正位X线片、Bending位X线片,术后立位全脊柱正位X线片,分别在以上三种X线片上测量侧凸主弯的Cobb角,分析术前Bending位片Cobb角与术后立位片Cobb角及弯曲柔韧性(BF)与矫形率(CR)的相关性;根据是否行截骨术,将65例患者分为37例单纯后路矫形组与28例伴截骨矫形组,分别分析两组术前Bending位X线片Cobb角与术后立位片Cobb角以及BF与CR相关性。[结果](1)65例患者术前Bending位X线片Cobb角与术后立位X线片Cobb角具有明显相关性(r=0.652,P<0.001),BF与CR具有明显相关性(r=0.451,P<0.001),平均CR为(62.22±14.50)%;(2)37例单纯后路矫形患者术前Bending位片Cobb角与术后立位片Cobb角具有明显相关性(r=0.772,P<0.001),BF与CR具有明显相关性(r=0.729,P<0.001),平均CR为(60.36±14.98)%;28例伴有截骨矫形患者术前Bending位X线片Cobb角与术后立位X线片Cobb角具有相关性(r=0.596,P=0.001),BF与CR相关性差(r=0.237,P=0.225),平均CR为(64.66±13.73)%。[结论]术前Bending位X线片可以预测退变性脊柱侧凸术后矫形效果,其预测单纯后路矫形效果的能力明显优于后路截骨矫形效果的能力。     

颈椎前路减压3D打印椎间融合器融合内固定术对颈椎矢状位参数的影响

目的:探究应用3D打印椎间融合器行椎间盘摘除减压融合内固定术对神经根型颈椎病患者矢状位平衡参数的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月～2018年6月在我院行颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)治疗的神经根型颈椎病患者76例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组(38例)和对照组(38例)。观察组男性21例,女性17例,年龄42～62岁,平均51.7±3.8岁,对照组男性20例,女性18例,年龄41～63岁,平均52.4±4.5岁。观察组置入3D打印椎间融合器,对照组置入普通异体骨块。比较两组手术情况(手术时间、术中失血量、住院天数);在术前、术后即刻、术后6个月、术后1年颈椎正侧位X线片上测量并比较两组矢状位平衡参数(C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA、T1倾斜角);比较两组患者术后6个月、术后1年颈椎功能(JOA)评分;术后1年通过颈椎侧位X线片评估融合情况并计算融合率;统计并比较两组并发症发生情况。结果:观察组术中失血量45.73±5.27ml,对照组62.15±7.38ml;观察组手术时间84.29±6.11min,对照组105.34±12.04min;观察组住院天数6.81±1.52d;对照组8.54±1.08d;两组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后即刻C2-7 Cobb角为26.15°±3.02°,C2-7 SVA为14.28±2.31mm,T1倾斜角为31.46°±1.83°;术后6个月时分别为28.79°±4.03°、12.60±4.24mm、30.16°±1.64°;术后1年分别为29.46°±5.11°、11.31±3.70mm、28.65°±2.02°;对照组术后即刻C2-7 Cobb角为21.67°±2.59°,C2-7 SVA为17.39±3.04mm,T1倾斜角32.78°±1.91°、术后6个月分别为23.76°±3.90°、16.88±3.29mm、31.58°±2.01°,术后1年分别为25.28°±4.43°、15.42±3.46mm、30.46°±1.79°,各时间点观察组均优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后6个月、术后1年JOA评分高于对照组(P0.05);术后1年时,两组均获得100%融合率。观察组并发症发生率5.56%(2/36)与对照组11.76%(4/34)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与置入普通异体骨块相比,3D打印椎间融合器应用于神经根型颈椎病患者临床效果良好,可纠正颈椎矢状位平衡,有利于颈椎功能的改善。     

下颈椎前路减压融合术后颈椎矢状位平衡的变化

目的 :探讨下颈椎前路减压融合术后颈椎矢状位平衡的变化。方法 :回顾性分析2012年1月~2016年12月在上海市东方医院脊柱外科因颈椎病接受颈前路椎间盘切除减压椎间融合手术(ACDF)患者的资料,共纳入326例,其中男175例,女151例;年龄34~81岁(56.0±9.4岁)。随访12~30个月(18.5±6.4个月),根据融合节段数分为四组:单节段融合组69例,双节段融合组85例,三节段融合组90例,四节段融合组82例。在术前及术后12个月随访时的颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位参数:C0-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7矢状垂直距离(C2-7 SVA)和T1倾斜角(T1S),并记录手术前后JOA评分及颈肩臂疼痛VAS评分,计算术后12个月时各组参数改变量。单因素方差分析比较参数及评分指标改变量组间差异,Pearson相关性探讨术前及术后12个月颈椎矢状位参数变化关系。结果 :四组患者一般资料无统计学差异(P0.05)。术前和ACDF术后12个月,单节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为21.07°±8.21°和20.92°±5.99°,C2-7 Cobb角为15.29°±8.64°和17.69°±11.25°,C2-7 SVA为20.94±10.77mm和20.61±10.23mm,T1S为23.02°±8.64°和24.05°±9.35°,术前与术后比较均无统计学差异(P0.05);双节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为20.38°±7.49°和24.20°±7.96°,C2-7 Cobb角为13.04°±8.07°和15.85°±10.53°,C2-7 SVA为18.57±11.88mm和23.73±9.87mm,T1S为24.28°±6.71°和28.65°±7.64°,术前与术后比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);三节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为16.76°±6.24°和20.54°±6.58°,C2-7 Cobb角为11.46°±7.83°和15.12°±10.42°,C2-7 SVA为19.36±8.40mm和25.25±12.20mm,T1S为26.56°±9.47°和30.39°±7.31°,术前与术后比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);四节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为15.44°±6.50°和18.39±6.26°,C2-7 Cobb角为11.54°±8.30°和19.61°±5.53°,C2-7 SVA为22.39±12.60mm和27.68±11.17mm,T1S为24.70°±6.30°和31.22°±6.45°,术前与术后比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。术前和术后12个月,四组组内T1S与C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA均呈正相关,C2-7 Cobb角与C2-7 SVA均呈负相关;术后12个月,四组间C0-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA及T1S改变量比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.010、0.001、0.003、0.002)。结论 :下颈椎前路减压单节段融合后颈椎矢状位平衡无明显变化;双节段及长节段融合后颈椎矢状位平衡显著改变,但下颈椎矢状位序列维持动态稳定。     

不同类型颈椎病患者颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位参数的差异及相关性研究

目的 :探讨不同类型颈椎病患者之间颈伸肌肌容量与颈椎矢状位序列的差异及相关性。方法 :回顾性分析2016年5月～2018年7月就诊于北京大学国际医院的颈椎病患者563例,其中男性304例,女性259例,平均年龄53.3±19.6岁,根据颈椎病的类型分为A组(脊髓型颈椎病,n=208)、B组(神经根型颈椎病,n=194)和C组(颈型颈椎病,以轴性症状为主且无神经受压的临床症状或体征,n=161)。所有患者行颈椎MRI及颈椎侧位X线片检查。通过PACS (picture archiving and communication systems)系统在颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位参数序列:C2-7 Cobb角、C0-2 Cobb角、C7斜率(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂直轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-7 SVA)。通过Image J软件对MRI轴位像上C3～7上终板水平浅层颈伸肌截面积(superficial extensor area,SEA)、深层颈伸肌截面积(deep extensor area,DEA)与相应颈椎椎体截面积(vertebra body area,VBA)的比值进行了测量和分析,以SEA/VBA及DEA/VBA作为颈伸肌肌容量。采用ANOVA单因素方差分析对组间矢状位参数,颈伸肌肌容量进行对比(组间两两对比采用Games-Howell法),采用Pearson相关性分析对颈伸肌肌容量与矢状位参数关联性进行分析。结果:C2-7 Cobb角A组(8.64°±6.19°)显著低于B组(12.55°±6.27°,P0.05)及C组(13.08°±5.77°,P0.05);C7S A组(28.09°±10.16°)显著高于B组(22.26°±7.55°,P0.05)及C组(21.63°±8.96°,P0.01);C2-7 SVA A组(21.77±12.38mm)显著高于B组(17.80±10.82mm,P0.05)及C组(15.54±6.82mm,P0.01)。SEA/DEA比值各组之间无显著统计学差异,A组患者DEA/VBA比值明显低于B、C组(P0.05),其中以C3-5水平差异最为显著(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示A组C3 DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.379,P0.05)及C7S (r=-0.311,P0.05)呈弱负相关,C4水平DEA/VBA比值与C2-7 SVA (r=-0.478,P0.01)及C7S(r=-0.466,P0.01)呈中度负相关,而SEA/VBA比值与矢状位参数未表现出显著统计学相关性。结论:脊髓型颈椎病患者的颈椎矢状位序列较其他类型颈椎病表现出显著的失平衡改变,脊髓型颈椎病患者的深层颈伸肌体积显著低于其他类型的颈椎病,深层颈伸肌近头端附着区域的体积与C2-7 SVA及C7S之间存在一定程度的负相关性。     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DCI治疗(DCI组)。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量,术前及术后1年日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手术节段Cobb角、C2~7颈椎曲度、邻近椎体高度及颈椎各运动方向(前屈后伸、左右侧曲、左右旋转)的ROM。结果所有手术顺利完成。2组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DCI组手术时间比ACDF组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者术后1年JOA评分、VAS评分和邻近椎体高度均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年ACDF组C2~7颈椎曲度、手术节段Cobb角均较术前有所丢失,DCI组无明显丢失,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年2组前屈后伸、左右侧曲ROM与术前比较均未出现明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年2组左右旋转ROM出现了相近程度的受限,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ACDF与DCI治疗单节段CDH均可获得满意的临床效果,虽然ACDF术后影像学资料显示有生理曲度的丢失,但颈椎ROM维持良好,并不影响患者的生活质量。     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Comparison of cervical kinematics between patients with cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc herniation

Background contextAlthough anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an effective treatment option for patients with cervical disc herniation, it limits cervical range of motion, which sometimes causes discomfort and leads to biomechanical stress at neighboring segments. In contrast, cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR) is supposed to preserve normal cervical range of motion than ACDF. A biomechanical measurement is necessary to identify the advantages and clinical implications of ADR. However, literature is scarce about this topic and in those available studies, authors used the static radiological method, which cannot identify three-dimensional motion and coupled movement during motion of one axis.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the clinical parameters and cervical motion by three-dimensional motion analysis between ACDF and ADR and to investigate the ability of ADR to maintain cervical kinematics.Study designThis was a prospective case control study.Patient samplePatients who underwent ADR or ACDF for the treatment of single-level cervical disc herniation.Outcome measuresVisual analog scale (VAS), Korean version of Neck Disability Index (NDI, %), and three-dimensional motion analysis were used.MethodsThe patients were evaluated by VAS and the Korean version of the NDI (%) to assess pain degree and functional status. Cervical motions were assessed by three-dimensional motion analysis in terms of sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes. Markers of 2.5 cm in diameter were attached at frontal polar (Fpz), center (Cz), and occipital (Oz) of 10–20 system of electroencephalography, C7 spinous process, and both acromions. These evaluations were performed preoperatively and 1 month and 6 months after surgery.ResultsThe ACDF and ADR groups revealed no significant difference in VAS, NDI (%), and cervical range of motion preoperatively. After surgery, both groups showed no significant difference in VAS and NDI (%). In motion analysis, significantly more range of motion was retained in flexion and extension in the ADR group than the ACDF group at 1 month and 6 months. There was no significant difference in lateral tilt and rotation angle. In terms of coupled motion, ADR group exhibited significantly more preserved sagittal plane motion during right and left rotation and also showed significantly more preserved right lateral bending angle during right rotation than ACDF group at 1 month and 6 months. There was no significant difference in other coupled motions.ConclusionThree-dimensional motion analysis could provide useful information in an objective and quantitative way about cervical motion after surgery. In addition, it allowed us to measure not only main motion but also coupled motion in three planes. ADR demonstrated better retained cervical motion mainly in sagittal plane (flexion and extension) and better preserved coupled sagittal and coronal motion during transverse plane motion than ACDF. ADR had the advantage in that it had the ability to preserve more cervical motions after surgery than ACDF.     

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is indicated for the operative treatment of either cervical radiculopathy orcervical myelopathy. This article discusses the indications for the procedure, as well as the advantages of this approach, compared with foraminotomy, laminectomy, as well as laminoplasty. The operative technique is described in detail, as well as the results and complications.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

颈椎矢状力线和颈椎间盘退变的关系

[目的]探讨T_1倾斜角等颈椎矢状力线和颈椎间盘退变的关系。[方法]回顾分析2016年8月～2017年8月60例颈椎退行性疾病患者,其中男25例,女35例,年龄51～68岁,平均(61.00±5.30)岁,病程5～13个月,平均(9.60±2.55)个月。所有患者拍摄颈椎侧位X线片以及颈椎MR,依据Pfirrmann分级评定椎间盘退变;测量矢状面位移(SVA)、颈椎前凸角(CL)、颈倾斜角(NT)、胸廓入射角(TIA)、T_1倾斜角(T_1S)。[结果] 60例患者中按T_1S测量结果分为T_1S<25°组27例,T_1S≥25°组33例, T_1S<25°组C_(5/6)和C_(6/7)节段的颈椎椎间盘退变Pfirrmann评级显著大于T_1S≥25°组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T_1S与C_(5/6)椎间盘退变分级呈负相关(R=-0.590,P<0.05),与C_(6/7)椎间盘退变分级呈负相关(R=-0.794, P<0.05)。60例患者按椎间盘退变Pfirrmann评分分为两组,≤15分25例,>15分35例,两组间TIA、T_1S和NT的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤15分组的CL显著大于>15分组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。≤15分组的C_(2-7)SVA显著小于>15分组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CL与Pfirrmann分级呈负相关(R=-0.865,P<0.05),C_(2～7)SVA与Pfirrmann分级呈正相关(R=0.791,P<0.05)。[结论]颈椎矢状力线与颈椎椎间盘退变相关,CL与椎间盘退变呈负相关,C_(2-7)SVA与椎间盘退变呈正相关,T_1S与C_(5/6)、C_(6/7)椎间盘退变呈现负相关。     

Axial symptoms and cervical alignments after cervical anterior spinal fusion for patients with cervical myelopathy

This retrospective clinical study was designed to examine the relation between cervical alignment and axial symptoms developing after cervical anterior spinal fusion. Sixty patients with myelopathy treated with cervical anterior spinal fusion were reviewed. For radiographic evaluation, lordosis, enlargement of the fused segments and neural foramen, radiographic union, and degeneration of adjacent segment were reviewed before or after surgery or both. Twenty-three patients had axial symptoms. Only local kyphosis and narrowing of the neural foramen at the fused segment were recognized more often in patients with axial symptoms than in those without such symptoms. No less than 2 mm and < or = 5 mm in enlargement of the anterior disc space immediately after surgery resulted in maintenance of cervical lordosis. These findings suggest that > or = 2 mm and < or = 5 mm in enlargement of anterior vertebral body height during operation results in prevention of axial symptoms.