主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大动脉导管未闭

目的总结主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的经验,并对其疗效进行评价。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2011年8月青海省心脑血管病专科医院8例PDA患者行主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的临床资料,其中男5例,女3例;年龄(30.4±9.3)岁。主动脉造影显示PDA最窄内径为(21.0±3.0)mm;肺动脉收缩压(76.6±9.4)mm Hg。结果 8例患者中7例一次性隔绝成功。术后即刻血管造影显示6例动脉导管完全封闭,2例残余少量左向右分流。术后2周超声心动图及大血管CT血管造影显示:残余分流消失,肺动脉收缩压(43.5±7.2)mm Hg,显著降低。术后左心室舒张期末内径较术前明显减小[(52.0±5.2)mm vs.(69.0±11.1)mm]。随访8例,随访时间1～11(7.2±1.1)个月,随访期间胸部X线示:肺血明显减少,心胸比率明显减小。结论应用主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大PDA是一种安全、有效的方法。     

漂浮导管评估先天性心脏病重度肺动脉高压的作用

目的 研究漂浮导管评估先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的作用.方法 85例先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者,男39例,女46例,年龄(22.8±16.5)岁,体重(46.4±12.1)kg,单纯室间隔缺损42例,房间隔缺损11例,室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭9例,动脉导管未闭7例,室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损5例,其他11例.右侧锁骨下静脉或颈内静脉插入漂浮导管,动态监测肺动脉压、评估血流动力学,行急性肺血管反应试验和药物敏感试验.结果 与漂浮导管相比超声心动图对重度肺动脉高压诊断符合率差异无统计学意义(98.8％对100％,P＞0.05),评估肺动脉收缩压偏低[(118.2±44.7) mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)对(139.5 ±32.3) mmHg,P＜0.05,),对艾森门格综合征诊断有较高假阳性率(8.4％对0,P＜0.01).漂浮导管测定平均肺动脉收缩压/平均肱动脉收缩压值1.22 ±0.35;平均肺动脉平均压/平均肱动脉平均压值1.07 ±0.11;肺血管总阻力(17.6±8.3)wood单位,剔除14例艾森门格综合征患者后肺血管总阻力为(11.3±3.7)wood单位,急性肺血管反应试验阳性67例,确诊艾森门格综合征14例.大量双向分流7例.漂浮导管检查中发生穿刺部位血肿2例.结论 漂浮导管检查评估肺动脉高压的程度、性质和血流动力学情况安全、准确,同时可进行急性肺血管反应试验和药物敏感试验,可为制定先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压治疗方案提供客观依据.     

动脉导管未闭合并重度肺动脉高压患者的介入与外科治疗

目的探讨动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)患者外科手术治疗与介入封堵治疗的适应证和治疗效果。方法回顾分析1998年5月至2008年5月我科收治的30例PDA患者的临床资料,其中男14例,女16例;年龄14～41岁,平均年龄25.8岁。18例行外科手术治疗,12例行介入封堵治疗。结果经外科手术和介入封堵治疗患者术后即刻的肺动脉收缩压(60.8±12.0mmHgvs.100.2±14.2mmHg;60.3±11.6mmHgvs.108.4±17.6mmHg)和平均肺动脉压(40.1±9.8mmHgvs.76.1±11.3mmHg;40.2±10.5mmHgvs.79.5±13.6mmHg)均较术前明显降低(P0.05)。术后4例手术患者中有2例出现声音嘶哑,2例残余分流;介入封堵治疗患者术后未出现明显并发症。随访29例,随访时间3个月～2年;1例失访。随访期间患者无明显胸闷、气促等,超声心动图检查大动脉水平未探及残余分流,1例术前伴有心房颤动的患者在封堵术后2个月时猝死,死亡原因不明。28例患者术后90d复查超声心动图提示:肺动脉收缩压均较术前明显降低(P0.05),两种治疗方法的疗效差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论介入封堵治疗PDA合并重度PH的患者与外科手术治疗相比较具有创伤小、风险小、并发症少和恢复快等优点,尤其是介入封堵治疗可行试验性封堵,对鉴别动力性和阻力性PH具有不可替代的优越性。但一些特殊类型的PDA患者仍需外科手术治疗。     

经右侧腋下直切口外科矫治动脉导管未闭合并心内畸形的早期结果

目的探讨经右侧腋下直切口(right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy,RVIAT)矫治动脉导管未闭合并心内畸形的治疗效果。方法 2016～2018年,我中心连续收治7例动脉导管未闭合并心内畸形患儿,其中男4例、女3例,平均年龄(5.3±4.5)岁,平均体重(18.0±11.2)kg。3例患儿合并房间隔缺损,4例合并室间隔缺损。结果所有患儿经RVIAT完成心脏手术,在进行心内手术前游离出动脉导管并结扎。平均体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间分别为(35.1±4.6)min和(25.4±5.3)min。全组无手术死亡病例,术后无残余分流或心律失常,无出血、切口感染等并发症。平均随访(18.0±8.0)个月,随访中未发现残余分流、心律失常等。结论 RVIAT完成动脉导管未闭合并心内畸形的外科矫治达到了满意的美容效果,未增加手术风险。     

成人动脉导管未闭的手术方法与疗效

目的　为了提高成人动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的手术疗效 ,总结 15 0例体外循环或心脏不停跳下直视闭合成人动脉导管的临床经验。　方法　在常规中低温体外循环下进行手术 5 8例 ,心脏不停跳下手术 92例 ;经肺动脉直接缝合动脉导管开口 14 1例 ,补片修补 9例。围术期处理主要是防止术后发生肺动脉高压危象。　结果　 1例术中死于肺动脉壁损伤撕裂出血 ;其余患者均痊愈出院 ,无 1例术后发生肺动脉高压危象和其他严重并发症 ,无 PDA残余分流。随访 116例 (77.9% ) ,随访时间 3个月～ 5年 ,无 1例死亡和导管再通 ,心功能和生活质量均有明显提高。　结论体外循环或心脏不停跳下直视闭合成人动脉导管 ,尤其是对合并重度肺动脉高压患者是相对安全可靠的手术方法 ,动脉导管内径大于 15 mm最好采用补片修补。     

先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的手术适应证探讨

目的利用超声检测心内分流结合血气分析的评判方法探讨先天性心脏病(CHD)合并重度肺动脉高压(PH)的外科治疗手术适应证。方法23例CHD合并重度PH者,年龄2～58岁,平均(24.5±18.2)岁。其中房间隔缺损4例,室间隔缺损17例,动脉导管未闭5例(部分为合并病例),主肺动脉间隔缺损1例。入院测股动脉血氧分压54～82mmHg,平均(72.4±3.8)mmHg,血氧饱和度0.82～0.95,平均0.93±0.01。术前心脏超声检查在缺损处呈双向分流病理改变。以多普勒超声检查左向右分流时间必须≥70%心动周期,右向左分流必须≤30%心动周期,同时,扩血管治疗后股动脉SaO2≥0.94作为手术治疗的重要指征。术中测肺、体循环收缩压比值(Pp/Ps)0.75～1.00,平均0.84±0.08。房缺、室缺均采用补片修补,个别病例外加房间隔缝成1.0cm右向左单向活瓣;动脉导管未闭在并行循环下切开肺动脉缝闭。手术前、后均应用氧疗、硝普钠、前列腺素E1降低肺动脉压。结果术后早期因右心衰死亡2例。16例随访8～56个月,平均(31.3±14.3)个月,除1例6岁病儿右心进行性扩大外,其余恢复良好。无远期死亡。结论采用超声对分流定性分析结合血气分析判断手术适应证,可使部分CHD合并重度PH者获得较满意的手术效果。     

经肺动脉内补片修补术治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效分析

目的总结常温体外循环下经肺动脉内补片修补术治疗成人粗大型动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)的临床经验。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的62例直径大于15 mm PDA患者的临床资料,其中男45例、女17例,年龄18~35岁;常温体外循环辅助下经肺动脉前壁切开,用Foley气囊导管堵住PDA开口直视下行补片修补术,合并其它心内畸形的同期进行矫正。结果全组病例无早期死亡,术中体外循环时间(40.78±11.03)min,住院时间(12.55±8.41)d。通过电话及门诊随访56例,失访6例,失访率9.68%,随访时间2~18(11±5)个月,无1例死亡,复查心脏超声未见残余分流。术后出现低心排血量综合征2例、不同程度的高血压8例,经积极治疗后均痊愈出院。结论经肺动脉内补片修补术治疗成人粗大型动脉导管未闭,手术操作简单、风险小、效果良好。     

心脏外科手术与介入性心导管术镶嵌治疗小儿先天性心脏病

目的 报道23例介入性心导管术与心脏外科手术镶嵌治疗小儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的经验。方法外科术后镶嵌治疗：12例动脉导管未闭结扎术后残余分流及2例心脏术后留置室间隔缺损(VSD)的复杂CHD行经导管封堵术。2例法洛四联症(TOF)根治术后分支肺动脉狭窄分别行球囊血管成形术及支架置入术，1例肺动脉闭锁合并VSD根治术后出现体肺侧支血管(APCAs)破裂行介入栓塞止血术。外科术前介入治疗：5例室间隔完整的大血管转位(TCA)病例行大动脉调转术前行球囊房隔造口术(BAS)，1例有巨大APCAs的重症。TOF在根治术前予以侧支血管堵塞术。结果动脉导管未闭术后残余分流及复杂CHD残留VSD病例均封堵成功，分支肺动脉狭窄病例介入治疗后狭窄减轻或治愈；侧支血管破裂病例栓塞止血后出血停止。BAS病例介入术后低氧及酸中毒改善，大动脉调转术后3例治愈，2例死亡。TOF病例APCAs堵塞后成功行根治术。结论心脏外科手术与介入性心导管术镶嵌治疗是治疗小儿CHD术后残余分流及部分复杂疑难CHD的有效方法。     

Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭的临床应用

目的　评价Amplatzer堵闭器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 (Patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的效果。　方法　经导管堵闭PDA患儿 15例 ,男 4例 ,女 11例 ,年龄 (1～ 14 )岁 ,体重 (7～ 30 )Kg。　结果　14例成功 ,1例失败。与术前肺动脉压 (6 3 2± 2 3 5mmHg)相比 ,术后即时肺动脉压 (2 0 5± 8 7mmHg)显著下降 (t=9 4 3,P <0 0 0 1)。术后 2 4小时超声心动图 ,1例有少量残余分流 ,随访 1月时超声心动图显示分流消失。全组病例随访 2年 ,无并发症发生。　结论　Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭是一种安全、微创、疗效肯定的非开胸手术方法。     

房间隔活瓣在先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压手术中的应用

目的报道先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压双向分流的外科治疗体会和疗效. 方法 25例患者(平均肺动脉压/平均体动脉压＞0.85),其中室间隔缺损(VSD)16例,VSD合并房间隔缺损(ASD)4例,合并动脉导管未闭5例.心脏超声心动图示间隔平面双向分流.采用心脏不停跳手术21例,心脏停搏手术4例.VSD均采用补片修补,动脉导管未闭经肺动脉切口缝闭,ASD采用自体心包修补,上端剪成半圆形,置于左心房面,顶部疏松缝1针,做成活瓣,无ASD患者,经卵圆孔作小切口做成相似活瓣. 结果早期死亡1例,24例痊愈出院.术后早期均有明显的低氧血症,呼吸机辅助呼吸均在24小时以上.22例患者活瓣在2周内关闭,2例4周关闭.随访3～72个月,1例术后8个月反复发生顽固性右侧心力衰竭死亡,其余患者恢复良好. 结论先天性心脏病伴重度肺动脉高压部分双向分流患者,采用房间隔活瓣可减轻术后早期的右心负荷,有利于早期恢复,长期疗效有待观察.     

升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄

目的 探讨升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄的手术效果、随访结果并总结其临床经验.方法 2008年5月至2009年7月,应用升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人主动脉缩窄9例,其中男4例,女5例;平均年龄42.6岁.所有病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果.结果 术后均治愈出院.术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差36～63 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);术后24 h桡动脉足背动脉平均压差0～13 mm Hg,较术前明显缩小.随访1～13个月,术后上、下肢动脉平均压差均小于20 mm Hg,转流人工血管通畅,2例主动脉缩窄远端自体动脉部分闭塞.结论 升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术是治疗成人主动脉缩窄的有效手段.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical effects and follow-up results in treating adult aortic coarctation patients using ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass and summarize the clinical experiences. Methods From May 2008 to July 2009, ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass surgery was performed in nine patients with adult aortic coarctation, among which, four were male, and five were female, with the average age of 42.6 years old. All patients had upper extremity hypertension, the systolic blood pressure difference between their upper extremities and lower extremities was 55 - 100 mm Hg, mean (70.2 ± 15. 6) mm Hg. Among which, seven cases showed descending aorta aneurysmal dilatation at coarctation segment distal end, with the wall thinning; two cases showed long segment stenosis; three cases showed aortic wall near coarctation segment was calcified. All cases belonged to complex aortic coarctation. All patients underwent radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery puncture manometry, the surgical effects were evaluated according to mean pressure difference changes between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery before and after operations. Results All patients were cured and dispertension has been significantly improved, before operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 36 - 63 mm Hg, mean [(48.2 ± 5.6 ) mm Hg]; 24 hours after operation, the mean pressure difference between radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery was 0 - 13 mm Hg, mean [(6.2 ± 1.6) mm Hg], significantly reduced ( P ＜per extremity hypertension disappeared, no need for oral antihypertensive drugs, the mean pressure differences between upper extremities and lower extremities after operations were all less than 20 mm Hg, thoracoabodominal aorta main vessels multi-slice CT examination three months after operation showed that bypass vascular prosthesis was unobetructed, two cases showed that autologous artery at aortic coarctation distal end were partly occluded. Conclusion Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta vascular prosthesis bypass would be an effective means for the treatment of adult aortic coarctation patients.     

Surgical strategy in patients with atrial septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension

The aim of the study was to review our experience with atrial septal defect (ASD) closure with a fenestrated patch in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Between July 2004 and February 2009, 16 patients with isolated ASD underwent closure with a fenestrated patch. All patients had a secundum type ASD and severe pulmonary hypertension. Patients ranged in age from 6 to 57 years (mean ± SD, 34.9 ± 13.5 years). The follow-up period was 9 to 59 months (mean, 34.5 ± 13.1 months). The ranges of preoperative systolic and pulmonary arterial pressures were 63 to 119 mm Hg (mean, 83.8 ± 13.9 mm Hg) and 37 to 77 mm Hg (mean, 51.1 ± 10.1 mm Hg). The ranges of preoperative values for the ratio of the pulmonary flow to the systemic flow and for pulmonary arterial resistance were 1.1 to 2.7 (mean, 1.95 ± 0.5) and 3.9 to 16.7 Wood units (mean, 9.8 ± 2.9 Wood units), respectively. There was no early or late mortality. Tricuspid annuloplasty was performed in 14 patients (87.5%). The peak tricuspid regurgitation gradient and the ratio of the systolic pulmonary artery pressure to the systemic arterial pressure were decreased in all patients. The New York Heart Association class and the grade of tricuspid regurgitation were improved in 13 patients (81.2%) and 15 patients (93.7%), respectively. ASD closure in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension can be performed safely if we create fenestration. Tricuspid annuloplasty and a Cox maze procedure may improve the clinical result. Close observation and follow-up will be needed to validate the long-term benefits.     

Surgical Closure of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus with an Intravascular Prosthesis: Clinical Experience

The authors developed a new prosthesis for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, using a delivery device inserted through the main pulmonary artery (MPA) avoiding ductal dissection and use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The prosthesis was inserted in 19 consecutive patients between 1985 and 1992. They have been followed for a mean of 4.8 years (minimum 30 days, maximum 7.5 years). There were 14 women (72%) and the average age was 11 years (16 months to 38 years). All patients presented with pulmonary hypertension (4 severe, 5 moderate, and 10 mild). Simultaneous surgical procedures for congenital heart disease were performed in two cases. One patient had a diffuse calcified PDA. The average diameter of the inserted prosthesis was 7.5 mm (3.5 to 12.5 mm). Neither hemorrhage nor prosthesis dislocation/embolization occurred during the implantation or in the postoperative period. In a newborn (30 days) with severe cardiomegaly and thin MPA, we decided to ligate the ductus. Chronic cor pulmonale contributed to death in one patient 3.7 years after operation. The remaining patients recovered well, without clinical evidence of residual shunt. Therefore, we recommend the use of this new prosthesis for PDA closure in cases of large ductus or ductus complicated with calcification, pulmonary hypertension, and when associated open heart surgery is required. (J Card Surg 1994;9:343–347)     

Long-term results of mitral valve surgery in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension

Mitral valve surgery was performed in 88 patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (average systolic pulmonary artery pressure, 94.7 +/- 22 mm Hg; range, 70-180 mm Hg) over a 10-year period. Sixty-four patients (73%) were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV. There were 64 valve replacements and 24 open mitral commissurotomies. Operative mortality was 5.6% (5 patients) and was not related to the degree of pulmonary hypertension, surgical procedure performed, or type of valve lesion. A 100% follow-up was obtained, ranging from nine months to 10 years, with a mean of 44 months. Six late cardiac deaths (7.2%) occurred, 5 in patients with valve replacement and 1 in a patient who underwent a commissurotomy. Actuarial survival was 86 +/- 3% at five years and 83 +/- 4% at 10 years. Fourteen patients underwent right ventricular catheterization a mean of 24 months following operation. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure had decreased from a mean preoperative value of 101 +/- 22 to 40.5 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Cardiac index increased by 55% of the preoperative values. Functional status improved markedly; 71 survivors (93%) were in New York Heart Association Class I or II. These results indicate that, in patients with mitral valve lesions and severe pulmonary hypertension, (1) surgical procedures can be performed with an acceptable operative mortality; (2) excellent long-term survival and functional results can be obtained; and (3) pulmonary hypertension decreases significantly after operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Open stent-grafting for adult patent ductus arteriosus with a distal aortic arch aneurysm

Closure of adult patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is difficult for its variation. We report a case of open stent-grafting for a 67-year-old woman who had PDA and a concomitant distal aortic arch aneurysm. The pulmonary/systemic flow ratio was 1.88, and the pulmonary arterial pressure was 34/21(25). The operation was done through a median sternotomy under hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. We opened the anterior wall of the arch just distal to the left subclavian artery and placed a stent-graft into the descending aorta. At 5 months after discharge, three-dimensional computed tomography showsed disappearance of PDA and no endoleak of the stent-graft.     

应用室间隔缺损封堵器治疗婴幼儿粗大动脉导管未闭

目的探讨室间隔缺损（VSD）封堵器在介入治疗婴幼儿粗大动脉导管未闭（PDA）中的临床应用和安全性。方法2008年6月—2009年5月,应用对称膜部VSD封堵器对5例婴幼儿粗大PDA合并重度肺动脉高压的患儿进行介入封堵治疗。男1例,女4例,年龄5个月～3岁,体重5.1～15.0 kg,体表面积（BSA）0.37～0.58 m2,动脉导管呈类似管型,内径5.7～8.5 mm,肺血管阻力4.8～5.7 Wood单位,体循环血量比（Qp/Qs）为3.4～4.6。术后3例患儿接受波生坦治疗。结果5例患儿全部封堵成功,术后4～5天出院。其中1例患儿选用膜部VSD封堵器,其余4例选用肌部VSD封堵器。5例患儿多汗症状明显改善,体重增加明显。复查超声心动图示封堵器位置固定、无残余分流,无左肺动脉及降主动脉狭窄;根据三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣反流估测肺动脉压力均有不同程度下降,随访6个月以上的患儿肺动脉压均降至正常水平。结论对于合并动力性肺动脉高压的婴幼儿粗大PDA,由于导管粗大及弓降部内径限制,应用VSD封堵器封闭动脉导管是一种较为安全的选择,但需更大样本量的病例和长期随访积累。     

核素肺灌注显像对瓣膜性心脏病合并肺动脉高压病人的手术疗效观察

目的 探讨采用首次通过法核素肺灌注显像、通过放射性时间-计数曲线方法了解瓣膜性心脏病合并有肺动脉高压(PH)手术前、后肺动脉压力的变化规律的价值.方法 115例二尖瓣病变为主的瓣膜性心脏病病人均行瓣膜置换或成形术治疗.所有病人在手术前,手术后7天行核素肺灌注显像检查,33例在术后3个月进行第3次复查.另选10名健康者,测其肺循环平均时间(LET)作为正常对照组.结果 与术前相比,术后7天LET明显降低(P<0.001).33例术后3个月的LET与术后7天差异虽无统计学意义,但LET仍有继续下降趋势.结论 瓣膜性心脏病合并有PH病人,肺动脉压力的降低在术后7天左右最明显,此后降低缓慢.术前肺动脉压力越高,在术后早期越难以降至正常水平.无创性核素肺灌注显像检查方法在瓣膜性心脏病合并PH的术前判定、手术疗效和预后判断等方面有明显的优点和实用价值.     

主肺动脉窗合并重度肺动脉高压的诊疗

目的通过本中心近年来主肺动脉窗(APW)的外科治疗经验,总结APW合并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗及手术效果。方法回顾性分析西京医院心血管外科2010~2018年收治的23例APW患者的临床症状、病理分型、合并畸形、诊断、治疗和预后资料。其中男9例、女14例,体重3.3~35.0(17.3±3.6)kg,年龄3个月至11岁,平均年龄(4.63±2.14)个月。结果其中APWⅠ型8例,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型1例。单纯APW 11例,合并其它心脏畸形的12例,平均肺动脉压力(68.4±7.5)mm Hg。所有患者均在全身麻醉低温体外循环下行外科矫治手术。所有患者均顺利出院,平均随访时间4年,患者术后心功能良好,缺损修补无残余分流,肺动脉压力逐渐下降,平均肺动脉压30 mm Hg。结论APW发病几率较低,但进展迅速,往往短期内发生肺动脉高压,甚至导致死亡。早期准确的诊断及手术治疗、合理有效地控制肺动脉压力是治疗的关键,远期疗效较好。     

小儿永存动脉干右室流出道重建

目的 总结小儿永存动脉干(PTA)右室流出道重建治疗经验.方法 2000年1月至2007年12月共行PTA根治手术治疗43例,男26例,女17例.年龄1.5个月～3.8岁;体重3.2～23.0kg.Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型PTA分别为26例、11例和6例.18例PTA的肺动脉直接下拖至右室流出道切口上缘相吻合,前壁再用心包补片扩大;8例用Homograft管道、14例用牛颈静脉管道连接远端肺动脉和右心室,重建右室流出道;3例Ⅱ型者,肺动脉后壁用左心耳壁与右室流出道上缘做吻合,前壁再用心包补片扩大.结果 术后所有病儿均生存,5例表现为右心功能不全,2例右肺动脉(RPA)压差37.5～47.3 mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),术后17d恢复至35.3mm Hg以下.左心室流出道阶差均小于20.3mm Hg.残余VSD(2mm)1例,乳糜胸1例.5例病儿肺血管阻力高,吸一氧化氮(NO)治疗7d左右后好转.随访3个月～3年,2例病儿RPA残余压差24.0～29.3 mm Hg,均无明显右心室或左心室流出道梗阻.结论 肺总动脉后壁直接与右心室切口作吻合重建PTA的右室流出道,早期和远期效果良好.牛颈静脉的带瓣管道的应用,解决了小尺寸同种带瓣管道来源不足的问题,操作简便.     

吸入伊洛前列素行急性肺血管扩张试验在先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压术前评估中的作用

目的 评价吸入伊洛前列素的急性肺血管扩张试验在先天性心脏病(CHD)肺动脉高压(PH)患者心脏外科手术适应证选择中的作用.方法 对2006年6月至2008年12月46例CHD合并重度PH患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.其中男性15例,女性31例,平均年龄(12±9)岁.所有患者术前均接受心导管检查和吸入伊洛前列索试验,患者平均肺动脉压(mPAP)(80±13)mm Hg(1 mill Hg=0.133 kPa),平均肺小动脉阻力指数(PVRI)(17±10)wood·m2.将吸入伊洛前列素试验肺血管阳性反应定义为在体循环压力不变或上升的情况下,PVRI下降≥20%,并作为选择手术适应证的重要条件.药物试验阳性患者在心脏外科修补术后均放置肺动脉漂浮导管,监测术后肺动脉压力、阻力以及心功能状况.结果 46例患者中,药物试验阳性29例(63.1%),吸药后PVRI由(15±6)wood·m2降至(9-4-4)wood·m2,肺循环体循环阻力比(Rp/Rs)由0.7±0.2降至0.4±0.2(P值均<0.05).药物试验反应阴性者17例(36.9%),吸药后PVRI由(21±10)wood·m2降至(19±9)wood·m2(P<0.05),Rp/Rs由1.0±0.5降至0.9±0.5(P>0.05).23例患者接受了心脏外科手术治疗,全部存活.其中药物试验阳性组21例,术后mPAP降至(27±10)mm Hg.药物试验阴性组仅2例接受外科修补术,术后mPAP均>45 mm Hg.结论 吸入伊洛前列素试验阳性患者术后肺动脉压力和PVRI明显降低,可作为评价合并PH的CHD手术适应证的一种蕈要手段.