非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌选择再次经尿道电切术的评价

目的:评价非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌选择再次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的临床疗效和应用价值。方法:2010年1月—2018年12月85例伴有高危因素膀胱癌患者,符合膀胱多发肿瘤（膀胱肿瘤同时发生2个及以上部位）、膀胱肿瘤CT或超声测定的最大径超过3 cm、T₁G₃期肿瘤、短期（3～6个月）复发肿瘤等条件之一的进入试验组。在施行初次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBt）后2～4周施行二次TURBt。与2004—2009年具有相同条件,行单次膀胱肿瘤经尿道电切术的76例高危膀胱癌患者（对照组）的治疗进行对照分析,应用单因素和多因素分析对试验组和对照组术后的复发和浸润进行预后性研究。结果:试验组85例和对照组76例全部随访,随访中位数28个月。试验组2年内高危膀胱肿瘤的复发率为36.3%,对照组为42.9%。试验组肿瘤肌层浸润率为20%,对照组为23.7%。试验组二次电切发现肿瘤残存20%,其中手术部位残存12%,其他部位8%;二次电切严重并发症9例（14.3%）,其中膀胱穿孔4例,膀胱出血5例。两组膀胱浸润的35例患者中,其中16例行膀胱根治性切除手术（试...     

二次电切对T1G3期膀胱肿瘤疗效影响的回顾性分析

目的：探讨T1G3期膀胱肿瘤患者行第二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）治疗的临床意义。方法：收集2005年1月～2010年4月,初次TURBT治疗后病理诊断为T1G3期膀胱肿瘤患者4周内行第二次TURBT治疗共23例（观察组）。以同期行TURBT后诊断为T1G3期膀胱肿瘤,但未行二次电切的37例患者为对照。两组患者术后均予以羟喜树碱行膀胱灌注治疗,观察两组间肿瘤复发率差异,残余肿瘤存在与否及位置,肿瘤病理分期、分级的变化,根据第二次TURBT的结果采取的不同治疗方案．结果：二次电切后发现7例（30％）有残余肿瘤,5例（23％）有肿瘤分期的升高,其中3例改行根治性膀胱切除术。随访10n18个月（平均13个月）,有4例（17％）肿瘤复发。对照组19例（52％）肿瘤复发。结论：第二次TURBT治疗检测残存肿瘤,揭示肿瘤分期情况,提前确定患者是否应行根治性膀胱切除的重要依据及可明显降低肿瘤的复发与进展。     

T1G3期膀胱肿瘤经尿道二次电切的临床疗效分析

目的探讨二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBT）治疗T1G3期膀胱肿瘤患者的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2011年12月在我院初次行TURBT治疗病理诊断为T1G3期膀胱肿瘤、并规律进行丝裂霉素膀胱灌注的49例患者资料。其中行二次TURBT治疗的患者19例（观察组）,未行二次电切的患者30例（对照组）。观察两组间肿瘤复发率差异、残余肿瘤存在与否,以及肿瘤病理分期、分级的变化。结果二次电切后发现5例（26．3％）有残余肿瘤,3例（15．9％）有肿瘤分期的升高,其中1例改行根治性膀胱切除术。随访8～18个月（平均15个月）,观察组有3例（15．9％）肿瘤复发,对照组13例（43．3％）肿瘤复发。结论二次TURBT可切除残存肿瘤,更准确了解肿瘤分期情况,是确定患者是否应行根治性膀胱切除的重要依据,并可明显降低肿瘤的复发与进展。     

经尿道双极等离子电切术与剜除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的病例对照研究

目的对比经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术（TURBT）与经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子剜除术（TUEBT）治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤（NMIBT）的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第三医院粤东医院2013年8月至2017年8月的160例经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除的资料,所有患者术前临床分期均为T1N0M0,其中TURBT和TUEBT各80例,采用全麻或腰硬联合麻醉联合闭孔神经阻滞,行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切或剜除术。 结果术前两组的临床资料差异无统计学意义,两组患者均顺利完成手术,无输血病例。无严重并发症（膀胱穿孔、严重闭孔神经反射）发生。TURBT组和TUEBT组在手术时间、膀胱穿孔率、术后肿瘤病理分级、术后病理T分期、术后随访时间上差异均无统计学意义,而在术中失血[（15±7）ml vs（6±2）ml,P<0.05],住院天数[（5.8±2.3）d vs（3.6±1.4）d,P<0.05],二次电切率（70.00%vs 36.25%,P<0.05）,二年内肿瘤复发率（47.50%vs 31.25%,P<0.05）差异有统计学意义。 结论TURBT与TUEBT均是安全、有效的处理NMIBT的手术方法,但TUEBT大多数标本含有肌层,有利于判断分期,减少了二次电切率,缩短住院时间,降低术后复发率。     

二次电切在治疗非肌层浸润膀胱癌临床意义

目的:比较常规经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(TURBT)与经尿道膀胱肿瘤二次电切(Re-TURBT)两种不同手术方式治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌临床效果,研究影响二次电切肿瘤阳性率相关危险因素。方法:回顾性研究2007年1月~2012年12月在广西医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科病区及肾移植科病区接受手术治疗并确诊为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌201例患者资料,按照是否行Re-TURBT分为2个研究组:常规行TURBT 169例及行Re-TURBT 32例。比较两组术后复发率、手术时间、术后住院天数、留置尿管天数况,分析其影响二次电切肿瘤阳性率的危险因素。结果:两种手术方式术后复发率差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.918,P0.05)认为两种手术方式术后复发率有差别,二次电切术后复发率少于常规电切组,而两组手术时间(t=-0.195,P=0.846)、住院时间(t=1.423,P=0.156)、留置尿管天数(t=-0.466,P=0.642),均提示差异无统计学意义。根据logistic binary回归分析提示:首次电切时肿瘤为≥T1(χ2=4.891,P=0.04)、高级别肿瘤(G2及G3)(χ2=1.903,P=0.001)、肿瘤大小≥3cm(χ2=9.718,P=0.004)、多发肿瘤(≥3个)(χ2=6.203,P=0.02)均为二次电切阳性的独立危险因素,线性回归分析提示:首次电切肿瘤的病理级别对二次电切肿瘤阳性率影响最大。结论:Re-TURBT具有操作简单、手术安全性好、住院时间短、有效降低手术复发率等特点,对于首次电切为多发肿瘤、肿瘤较大(≥3cm)、高级别肿瘤及高分期肿瘤(≥T1期)等,尤其首次电切肿瘤为高级别肿瘤应常规行Re-TURBT。     

经尿道二次电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤临床效果观察

目的观察经尿道二次电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的临床效果。方法选取61例非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者,根据治疗方法不同分为2组。对照组(27例)实施一次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。观察组(34例)于术后4~6周行二次电切术。结果 2组病灶数量和肿瘤直径分布和并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组复发率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论二次经尿道电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤,能够有效降低肿瘤复发率,且不会增加并发症。     

二次电切加术中黏膜下注射吡柔比星治疗表浅性膀胱癌疗效分析

目的对比二次电切加术中黏膜下膀胱注射吡柔比星与单次电切术后即刻灌注吡柔比星预防浅表膀胱癌复发的疗效。方法 47例表浅性膀胱癌患者随机分为观察组、对照组。观察组25例行2次电切手术,第二次在术中给予30mg吡柔比星膀胱黏膜下注射;对照组22例单次电切术后6h内给予30mg吡柔比星膀胱灌注。出院后3、6、12个月检查1次膀胱镜,1年后半年检查1次,观察两组间肿瘤复发率差异。结果随访17～35个月（平均24个月）,观察组有4例（16.0%）肿瘤复发;对照组有7例（31.8%）肿瘤复发。所有患者未见明显全身药物不良反应。结论二次电切加术中黏膜下膀胱注射吡柔比星能显著降低膀胱癌患者术后复发率,其效果优于单次电切后即刻膀胱灌注。     

经尿道电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤临床分析

目的探讨经尿道电切术治疗膀胱肿瘤的体会。方法对44例膀胱肿瘤患者行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,观察患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及随访复发情况,观察是否复发。结果患者均成功完成手术,平均手术时间32.80 min。术中无发生大出血、膀胱穿孔,术后未出现、切口感染、电切综合征等并发症。患者均获随访1年,复发率为15.91%(7/44),其中5例再次经尿道气化电切术治愈,其余2例进行膀胱全切除术。结论经尿道电切术手术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤创伤小、恢复快和术后并发症少、复发率低,值得临床应用。     

经尿道绿激光汽化和经尿道电切治疗经尿道电切治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的疗效比较

目的：比较经尿道绿激光汽化与经尿道电切治疗表浅性膀胱肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法：对70例经病理活检证实的表浅性膀胱肿瘤患者,采用随机的方法,分别运用经尿道绿激光汽化和经尿道电切两种方法进行治疗。对两组手术时间、术中出血量、膀胱穿孔例数、保留尿管时间及肿瘤复发等指标进行比较。结果：两组平均手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,绿激光汽化组术中出血量、肿瘤复发率低于电切组（P〈0.01）;且绿激光汽化术后无需膀胱冲洗及无膀胱穿孔之忧。结论：经尿道绿激光汽化术治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤具有安全性高、恢复快、复发率低等优势,尤其适用于老年、心肺等功能差的患者。     

二次电切在高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌治疗中的作用

目的探讨二次电切对高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌复发和进展的作用。方法高危非肌层浸润膀胱尿路上皮癌患者150例,在首次经尿道电切术后6周进行第二次经尿道电切78例(二次电切组),同期未行再次电切而常规治疗随访72例(常规随访组),比较2组患者的肿瘤复发和进展情况。结果二次电切的78例患者中,发现残存肿瘤者17例(21.8%),其中残存肌层浸润肿瘤者6例(7.7%)。随访12~54个月(中位时间33个月),二次电切组的肿瘤复发率和进展率分别为37.5%(27例)和18.1%(13例),未行二次电切组则分别为66.7%(48例)和20.8%(15例)。二次电切组的肿瘤复发率较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组进展为肌层浸润肿瘤的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。首次电切术后半年内两组患者肿瘤复发率的差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01);而首次术后半年后,两组患者肿瘤复发率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高危非肌层浸润膀胱癌在首次电切术后进行二次电切可降低肿瘤复发率,但不能减少肿瘤进展的风险。     

半导体激光联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤

目的 探讨经尿道半导体激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的手术方法并评估其安全性和有效性.方法 2014年7月至2015年7月采用经尿道半导体激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者62例,术后定期行吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗.记录手术时间、术中出血情况、手术并发症、膀胱持续冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后住院天数及术后复发情况等.结果 手术平均时间为(30.5±12.8)min,术中出血少,均未出现闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔、水中毒、尿外渗、继发性出血等并发症,术后平均膀胱冲洗时间为(6.15 ±2.33)h,术后平均留置尿管时间为(7.33±1.54)d,术后平均住院时间为(8.21±1.26)d.术后随访6～18个月,3例异位复发.结论 经尿道半导体激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的方法安全有效,并且该术式能够提供肿瘤准确分级、分期信息,值得临床推广应用.     

吉西他滨在膀胱癌治疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨吉西他滨在膀胱癌灌注化疗中的有效性和安全性. 方法 选取2013年3月至2015年3月在我科接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)辅以膀胱灌注化疗的80例膀胱癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为A、B两组,每组40例.A组灌注1000 mg吉西他滨,B组灌注30 mg吡柔比星.所有患者随访2年,根据随访资料比较两组患者的2年生存率、复发率、肿瘤进展发生率及不良反应发生情况.结果 膀胱肿瘤总复发率为46.25%,其中A组复发率为35.00%,B组复发率为57.50%,A组复发率显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复发为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的A组约30.00%,B组为45.00%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);复发进展为肌层浸润性膀胱癌的A组约5.00%,B组为12.50%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 TURBT术后采用吉西他滨进行膀胱灌注,能较好地预防非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的复发或进展,且安全性较高,值得推广.     

Intravesical gemcitabine therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): a systematic review

? Intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is a well-established treatment for preventing or delaying tumour recurrence after tumour resection. However, up to 70% of patients may fail and new intravesical agents with improved effectiveness are needed. Gemcitabine is a relatively new anticancer drug that has shown activity against bladder cancer. ? To systematically review the literature on the effectiveness and toxicity of intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). ? MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, LILACS, SCOPUS, BNI, Biomed Central, Web of Science and BIOSIS were searched to identify trials of intravesical gemcitabine for the treatment of NMIBC. Also searched were meeting proceedings, international guidelines and trial registries. Data on authors, study design, patient characteristics, interventions and outcome data relating to tumour recurrence, disease progression, survival and adverse events were extracted from relevant studies. ? Six relevant randomised trials were identified with the number of patients randomised in each trial varying from 30 to 341 (total 704). All trials compared gemcitabine to active controls and varied in the reporting of outcomes. ? The first was a marker lesion study which reported greater tumour response rates when intravesical gemcitabine (2 g) was given as three bi-weekly doses (36%) or six weekly doses (40%) compared with a single dose (9%). ? One study compared a single postoperative instillation of intravesical gemcitabine with a saline placebo in 341 patients and found no significant difference in the rates of tumour recurrence (28% vs 39%, respectively) or recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.64-1.39, P= 0.77). The rate of progression to invasive disease was greater with gemcitabine (2.4% vs 0.8%). ? A further trial compared gemcitabine with intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) and reported that the rates of recurrence (28% vs 39%) and progression (11% vs 18%) were lower with gemcitabine but did not reach statistical significance. The overall incidence of adverse events was significantly less with gemcitabine (38.8% vs 72.2%, P= 0.02). ? Three trials compared gemcitabine with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) but a meta-analysis was not possible due to clinical heterogeneity. ? In untreated patients at intermediate risk of recurrence (primary Ta-T1, no carcinoma in situ) one trial showed that gemcitabine and BCG were similar with respective recurrence rates of 25% and 30% (P= 0.92) and overall progression equal. Dysuria (12.5% vs 45%, P < 0.05) and frequency (10% vs 45%, P < 0.001) were significantly less with gemcitabine. ? In a second trial of high-risk patients the recurrence rate was significantly greater with gemcitabine compared with BCG (53.1% vs 28.1%, P= 0.04%) and the time to recurrence significantly shorter with gemcitabine (25.5 vs 39.4 months, P= 0.042). ? Finally, in a third trial of high-risk patients who had failed previous intravesical BCG therapy, gemcitabine was associated with significantly fewer recurrences (52.5% vs 87.5%, P= 0.002) and a longer time to recurrence (3.9 vs 3.1 months, P= 0.9) compared with BCG. Progression rates were similar in both groups (33% vs 37.5%, P= 0.12) with no significant differences in grade 2 or 3 toxicities. ? The data from several observational studies confirm the pharmacology of gemcitabine as an intravesical agent whilst others report the activity of gemcitabine in terms of tumour recurrence. However, these studies are inherently biased and these data should be interpreted appropriately. ? In conclusion a single study suggests that in NMIBC multiple doses of intravesical gemcitabine reduce tumour recurrences to a greater extent than a single dose. ? In contrast, a single dose immediately after surgery is ineffective based on one study. Gemcitabine may be more active than MMC with a lower toxicity profile. ? Compared with intravesical BCG therapy, gemcitabine had similar effects in intermediate-risk patients, less effective in high-risk patients and superior in BCG-refractory patients. However, each randomised trial identified represents a different clinical setting in NMIBC and therefore the evidence base is limited. Consequently these data should be interpreted with caution until further corroborative evidence becomes available. ? Intravesical gemcitabine is a promising drug that may add to the urologist's options in treating patients with NMIBC.     

Das nicht muskelinvasive Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase

Due to the high incidence and recurrence rate non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a relevant impact. Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography represent innovative diagnostic tools. Urine markers still play a minor role in the diagnostics of NMIBC. New therapeutic options are thermochemotherapy and mitomycin-C electromotive drug administration (MMC-EMDA) as well as gemcitabine and apaziquone for intravesical administration.     

The impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on intravesical recurrence after bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in a genome-wide association study

ObjectiveBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) instillation therapy is widely used to reduce intravesical recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In this study, we aimed to reveal the genetic variations associated with intravesical recurrence after BCG therapy for NMIBC in a genome-wide association study (GWAS).Materials and methodsThis study included Japanese patients with NMIBC, in whom genomic DNA was obtained from whole blood samples. The association between genetic variation and treatment failure was analyzed by GWAS in 44 patients treated with BCG instillation as a discovery cohort. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined separately in 47 patients treated with BCG instillation and in 62 patients treated with chemotherapeutic agent instillation as validation studies.ResultsAmong the 44 patients in the discovery cohort, 14 cases experienced intravesical recurrent diseases. GWAS identified 12 candidate SNPs (rs9374832, rs35176001, rs363765, rs2127120, rs4277759, rs73664140, rs1607282, rs12141654, rs4541358, rs6986852, rs12373386, and rs17637903). In the validation study, a genetic risk stratification model using the number of risk alleles in rs363765 and rs6986852 discriminated the risk of intravesical recurrence after BCG therapy, but not after non-BCG therapy.ConclusionThis study suggested that several SNPs were associated with intravesical recurrence after BCG therapy for NMIBC. A genetic risk model may be useful to predict intravesical recurrence after BCG therapy, warranting further research and development for clinical application.     

Serum IL-6 level is associated with clinical outcome of intravesical gemcitabine therapy in T1 non-muscle–invasive bladder cancer

PurposeSerum biomarkers are valuable tools to predict the prognosis of anticancer therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level on the clinical outcome of intravesical gemcitabine (GEM) therapy in non-muscle–invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 71 patients initially diagnosed with T1 NMIBC who underwent intravesical GEM therapy between 2017 and 2019. The expression of IL-6 gene was examined by real-time PCR. Serum IL-6 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cell viability after gemcitabine treatment was measured by CCK-8 assay. The optimal serum IL-6 cutoff values for recurrence prediction were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis with reference to cancer recurrence. Recurrence-free survival was compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the prognostic factors influencing recurrence-free survival after treatment with intravesical GEM.ResultsIncreased expression and secretion of IL-6 were observed in GEM-resistant sublines compared with parental bladder cancer cell lines. Serum IL-6 level rendered a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 77.1% to correlate with the cancer recurrence after intravesical GEM. Patients with a high serum IL-6 level exhibited shorter recurrence-free survival after intravesical GEM. Moreover, serum IL-6 level in our NMIBC cohort was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics, such as tumor diameter, multifocality, concomitant CIS, and grade. Serum IL-6 level was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in NMIBC patients treated with intravesical GEM.ConclusionGiven that it was significantly associated with clinical outcome of intravesical GEM therapy, serum IL-6 level might be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for intravesical GEM in T1 NMIBC.     

密集膀胱灌注对抑制非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤术后复发的随机对照研究

目的：观察短期密集疗程膀胱腔内蒽环类药物灌注化疗对抑制非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤（nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC）经尿道电切术（TUR）后复发的效果。方法：我院自2006年1月～2008年12月对221例NMIBC患者行TUR术,经随机分为两组,密集疗程组术后执行表柔比星（epirubicin,EPI）40mg／40ml每周1次,连续8次的腔内灌注方案;常规化疗组则在连续8次的密集灌注化疗后续行40mg／40ml每月1次,连续10次的灌注方案。记录患者每3个月1次膀胱镜检查情况至术后24个月或肿瘤复发。结果：共有141例获得完整资料。24个月随访期中;45例（31．9％）肿瘤复发。其中常规化疗组22例（30．1％）,密集化疗组23例（33．2Vo）（p-0．64）。复发时间常规化疗组为（8．73±5．23）个月,密集化疗组为（8．74±4．42）个月（P=0．38）。15例（10．6％）复发肿瘤进展,其中常规化疗组7例（9．6％）,密集疗程组8例（11．8％）（P=0．675）。对141例患者的肿瘤大小,单发多发,初发复发,肿瘤病理类型,以及临床分期方面进行分层研究,密集疗程组与常规化疗组的无肿瘤复发率差异均无统计学意义。结论：TUR术后短期密集葸环类药物膀胱腔内灌注化疗可以获得与常规灌注化疗方案相同的降低NMIBC复发的效果。     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后吉西他滨与表柔比星膀胱灌注化疗疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨吉西他滨(GEM)与表柔比星(EPI)膀胱灌注预防非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效及其安全性.方法 2015年6月至2016年6月收治的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者80例纳入研究,全部患者于经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(transurethral resection of bladder tumor,TURBT)后随机分别予以GEM和EPI膀胱灌注治疗.随访1~2年,观察两组的复发情况及不良反应.结果 GEM组2年内复发率为20.0%,EPI组2年内复发率为22.5%,两组复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组不良反应发生率分别为12.5%(GEM组)和32.5%(EPI组),GEM组不良反应发生率明显低于EPI组(χ2=4.621,P<0.05).结论 GEM和EPI预防膀胱癌术后复发效果相近,而GEM膀胱灌注不良反应更少,患者耐受性好,值得临床推广应用.     

吉西他滨膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床研究(附198例报告)

目的:研究吉西他滨膀胱内灌注预防经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后复发的疗效。方法:对198例膀胱癌患者在TURBT术后行膀胱灌注治疗,随机分为两组:Ⅰ组(100例)定期行膀胱灌注吉西他滨,术后24h内使用1.0g,膀胱内灌注保留2h,1周后行常规灌注治疗,每周1次,连续8周,然后每月1次,连续10个月,共1年。Ⅱ组(98例)对照组灌注盐酸吡柔比星,术后24h内灌注使用30mg,膀胱内灌注保持30min,1周后开始常规灌注,每周1次连续8次,而后每月1次连续10次,共1年。结果:第1年每3个月复查膀胱镜,第2年每6个月复查膀胱镜。术后随访2年,Ⅰ组复发率6.52%,Ⅱ组复发率10.11%,术后不良反应主要是化学性膀胱炎症状。结论:膀胱癌术后灌注吉西他滨能有效预防膀胱癌的复发,且不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

Clinical outcome of tumor recurrence for Ta, T1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer from the data on registered bladder cancer patients in Japan: 1999–2001 report from the Japanese Urological Association

Objective:   To characterize the clinical outcome in a large contemporary series of Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Ta, T1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent transurethral bladder tumor resection with or without intravesical chemotherapy or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy.
Methods:   We developed a database incorporating newly diagnosed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer data and outcomes from a Japanese bladder cancer registry between 1999 and 2001 and identified a study population of 3237 consecutive patients who had complete data based on pathological features. Median patient age was 69.9 years.
Results:   The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall recurrence-free survival rates were 77.0%, 61.3%, and 52.8%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, the multiplicity of bladder tumors, tumor size greater than 3 cm, pathological stage T1, tumor grade G3, and the absence of adjuvant intravesical instillation were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence. Overall, 1710 patients (52.8%) received intravesical instillation; chemotherapy in 1314 (76.8%) and BCG treatment in 396 (23.2%). In patients treated with intravesical chemotherapy in which an anthracycline chemo-agent was used in 90.5% of the cases, multivariate analyses demonstrated that male gender, multiple bladder tumors, a tumor size greater than 3 cm, and pathological stage T1 were associated with tumor recurrence.
Conclusions:   The accumulation and analysis of data from the Japanese National Bladder Cancer Registry made it possible to determine the clinical characteristics, management trends, and survival rates for the period studied. Further study with a dataset created from longer follow-up data would be warranted to analyze tumor progression and disease survival.