248例无精子症临床治疗结局分析

目的 探讨治疗无精子症的最佳治疗方案。方法 回顾性分析2002年1月-2003年12月就诊于我院的248例无精子症患者的临床资料，其中208例接受供精人工授精（AID），8例行附睾精子抽吸术（ESA）结合卵细胞内单精子注射（ICSI），32例接受供精体外受精胚胎移植（IVF-D）。分析其临床结局和相关影响因素。结果 208例接受AID患者共行624个人工授精周期，采用双次宫颈管内人工授精（ICI）或宫腔内人工授精（IUI），周期妊娠率15．22％（95／624）；ESA＋ICSI8例，共行12个治疗周期，妊娠率为25％（3／12）；接受IVF—D患者32例，共行47个移植周期，妊娠率31．91％（15／47）。AID妊娠率低于ICSI和IVF—D（P〈0．05）。多胎妊娠率AID为6．32％（6／95），显著低于ICSI[33．33％（1／3）]和IVF-D[33．33％（5／15）1（P〈0．05）。AID自然流产率与ICSI和IVF—D组相比无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论 AID是治疗无精子症最常用的方法，具有简便和经济等优点；阻塞性无精子症患者宁可选择ESA结合ICSI获得自己的后代；如合并其它不孕因素则可选择IVF-D提高妊娠率。     

供精人工授精临床妊娠率影响因素分析

目的探讨多种因素对供精人工授精(AID)临床妊娠率的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年12月因男方因素于国家卫计委科研所计划生育生殖健康技术服务中心接受AID手术治疗的患者2 040例,共3 889个治疗周期。探讨AID临床妊娠率与女方年龄、不孕年限、不孕类型、治疗周期数、治疗方案、手术方式的关系。结果30岁组与30~35岁组AID妊娠率(分别为25.23%、23.91%)显著高于35~40岁组和40岁以上组(分别为17.61%、9.38%)(P0.05);不孕≤5年的女性AID妊娠率(25.15%)显著高于不孕5年女性的妊娠率(20.90%)(P0.01);继发不孕女性的AID妊娠率(30.18%)显著高于原发不孕女性(22.75%)(P0.01)。AID实施第1至第4周期,每周期妊娠率比较无显著性差异(分别为24.88%、23.26%、20.92%和23.12%,P0.05)。促排周期组的妊娠率稍高于自然周期组(分别为24.15%和22.71%),但无显著性差异(P0.05)。促排周期组的多胎率显著高于自然周期组(分别为5.36%和1.39%)(P0.01)。4种手术方式中宫颈管内人工授精+宫腔内人工授精(ICI+IUI)组、2次IUI组和1次IUI组的妊娠率分别为25.01%、22.33%和22.75%,组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05),1次ICI组的妊娠率(4.44%)最低,显著低于其他3种手术方式组(P0.01)。结论 AID是一种安全、有效的助孕方式;女方年龄、不孕年限、不孕类型是影响AID临床妊娠率的重要因素;促排卵并不增加AID的妊娠率,但会增加多胎妊娠的风险;AID治疗4个周期仍未妊娠者可寻求供精IVF-ET技术助孕。     

供精人工授精的临床应用价值

目的:探讨供精人工授精(AID)的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2009年3月在本中心治疗的258对夫妇共行480个AID治疗周期,根据女方年龄分成≤30岁和≥31岁两组。结果:480个AID治疗周期共获得120例临床妊娠,周期妊娠率为25.00%,累积妊娠率达46.51%。≤30岁和≥31岁两组在自然周期方案中周期妊娠率分别是29.65%、13.33%,累积妊娠率分别是51.00%、25.00%,两者间差异均有显著性(P<0.05);在促排卵方案中,两组周期妊娠率分别为24.02%、23.81%,累积妊娠率分别为48.86%、43.48%,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。随着女性年龄增长,不孕年限延长,两组AID的周期妊娠率和累积妊娠率下降,但是无统计学差异。前4个周期的周期累积妊娠率分别为24.03%、24.94%、24.69%和25.00%,无明显差异(P>0.05);第一周期与后三个治疗周期的累积妊娠率分别是24.03%、39.53%、45.74%和46.51%,有显著升高趋势(P<0.01)。结论:①在AID治疗中女方年龄增高,促排卵授精方案优于自然周期授精方案。②AID至少应进行3～4次,未成功者再求助于试管婴儿等其他辅助生殖技术。     

供精人工授精成功率影响因素分析

目的:探索多种因素对供精人工授精(AID)临床妊娠率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月6 302例女性实施的15 744个AID治疗周期,探讨AID妊娠率与治疗方案、每周期AID次数(授精时机)、女性年龄、输卵管情况、AID实施周期数的关系。结果:1克罗米芬组的妊娠率高于自然周期组(P=0.003),克罗米芬组和人绝经期促性腺激素(HMG)组、HMG组和自然周期组比较无统计学差异(P均0.05);2每周期施行排卵前后2次AID的妊娠率(26.3%)高于只行排卵前或排卵后AID女性的妊娠率(分别为7.0%、23.7%,P均0.05);335~40岁不孕女性AID治疗妊娠率(16.5%)较35岁以下的妊娠率(26.0%)明显下降,尤其40岁以后的妊娠率(1.2%)下降更明显(P0.05);4子宫输卵管造影检查提示有输卵管周围粘连的女性AID妊娠率(27.4%)与输卵管通畅女性的妊娠率(28.1%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05);5 AID实施1个至4个周期每个周期间的成功率比较,第1周期的临床妊娠率(27.6%)最高,与第2、3、4周期的妊娠率(分别为24.7%、23.9%、23.1%)差异有统计学意义(P均0.01),第2、3、4周期之间的妊娠率无明显差异(P0.05),5周期及以上的妊娠率(19.0%)与前4个周期相比,妊娠率明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:不孕女性的年龄是影响AID治疗成功率的重要因素,同一周期施行排卵前后2次AID的优于只行排卵前或排卵后AID的,无输卵管因素女性的AID治疗在改行供精体外受精-胚胎移植前应至少实施4个周期。     

不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射治疗结局的影响

目的分析不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射术(ICSI)治疗后的胚胎发育及治疗结局的影响。方法回顾性分析来我院行ICSI助孕治疗的144对不育夫妇(共154个周期),其中96个周期(A组,89对夫妇)的精子来源为严重少、弱精子症患者的射出精子,32个周期(B组,30对夫妇)为附睾精子,26个周期(C组,25对夫妇)为睾丸精子。比较三组经ICSI治疗后的2PN率、2PN卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率、妊娠率。结果 B组的2PN率、2PN卵裂率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率和种植率与A组相比,均无统计学差异(P0.05);C组2PN率、优质胚胎率低于A组、B组(P0.01),而妊娠率、种植率3组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论尽管睾丸精子行ICSI可能影响受精及早期胚胎发育,但与严重少弱精患者的射出精子及附睾来源的精子行ICSI的妊娠结局没有显著差异。     

精子DNA完整性对冻融胚胎移植周期妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨男性精子DNA完整性对行ART助孕患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年8月至2017年12月在江苏省苏北人民医院生殖中心接受IVF/ICSI助孕的667对不孕夫妇FET周期的临床资料。男性患者进入周期前均采用精子染色质结构分析法(SCSA)染色后通过流式细胞仪来检测男性精子DNA完整性,并观察精子DNA碎片率(DFI)对妊娠结局的影响。根据不同精子DFI水平将研究对象分为两组:低DFI水平组(低DFI组:DFI≤30%,439个周期)和高DFI水平组(高DFI组:DFI30%,228个周期);再根据不同受精方式分为两个亚组:常规IVF组及ICSI组,比较不同水平的精子DFI及不同受精方式对FET周期妊娠结局的影响。结果纳入研究的667对不孕夫妇中临床妊娠334例,总妊娠率50.07%。低DFI组、高DFI组患者的一般资料比较均无统计学差异(P0.05),但低DFI组的受精率显著高于高DFI组(P0.05)。低DFI组的临床妊娠率显著高于高DFI组(54.21%vs.42.11%)(P0.05),流产率则显著低于高DFI组(16.81%vs.27.08%)(P0.05)。低DFI组中IVF组和ICSI组的临床妊娠率(52.63%vs.58.62%)、流产率(15.88%vs.19.12%)比较均无显著性差异(P0.05);高DFI组中IVF组的临床妊娠率显著低于ICSI组(33.33%vs.48.48%),流产率则显著高于ICSI组(40.63%vs.20.31%)(P均0.05)。结论精子DFI水平影响不孕患者的受精率;随着精子DFI水平增高,其整体临床妊娠率下降,流产率增加。低DFI水平的不孕夫妇可选择常规IVF或ICSI助孕;但对于高DFI水平的不孕夫妇,选择ICSI助孕方式可能对改善妊娠结局有益。     

附睾和睾丸精子活力对卵胞浆内单精子注射结局的影响

目的比较附睾或睾丸来源及其不同活力精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）的结局。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年5月在本生殖中心经皮附睾精子抽吸术（PESA）、睾丸精子抽吸术（TESA）助孕的218例无精子症患者的资料,比较附睾和睾丸及其不同活力精子的正常受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率和早期流产率。结果附睾精子组与睾丸精子组比较,正常受精率、卵裂率、临床妊娠率、种植率和早期流产率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;优质胚胎率附睾精子组显著高于睾丸精子组（P〈0．05）。附睾活动精子、睾丸活动精子和睾丸不活动精子的正常受精率显著高于附睾不活动精子（P〈0．01）;睾丸活动精子的正常受精率显著高于睾丸不活动精子组（P〈0．05）;以上各组间的优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论PESA操作简单且不影响妊娠率,无精子症患者行ICSI治疗时可首选附睾精子;附睾或睾丸不活动精子影响ICSI的受精率,应优先选择活力较好的精子,若无活动精子则选择睾丸不活动精子。     

精子体外处理技术对供精人工授精妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨不同的精子体外处理技术对供精人工授精（AID）妊娠率的影响。方法对AID过程中的172个周期采用冷冻精液复苏后行宫颈人工授精（ICI），另251个周期采用复苏精液用Tyrode’s、BWW、IVF30、HTF等4种培养液经一步离心法处理后行宫腔内人工授精（IUI）和输卵管内精液灌注（FSP）。观察不同的精液处理结合不同的手术方法对AID妊娠率的影响。结果经复苏后的冷冻精液用IVF30和HTF培养后的精子的活动率较复苏精液和用Tyrode’液、BWW组显著提高（P〈0．05），而精子密度无显著差别（P〉0．05）。在431个周期中，周期妊娠率为10．90％（47／431）。复苏精液后行ICI、Tyrode’液组、BWW组、IVF30组和HTF组的周期妊娠率分别为6．98％（12／172），8．16％（8／98），9．72％（9／72），22．73％（10／44），22．22％（10／45）。5组相比较，精液经IVF30和HTF处理后行IUI或FSP的妊娠率最高（P〈0．05）。结论在进行AID时，选择不同手术方式时还必须与相应的精液处理方法相结合才能提高供精人工授精的妊娠率。     

经皮附睾穿刺取精精子冷冻复苏后卵细胞胞质内单精子注射治疗无精子症的初步研究

目的:回顾性分析27例无精子症患者经皮附睾穿刺取精术(PESA)所获精子冷冻复苏后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗后的效果及妊娠结局。方法:将诊断性附睾穿刺以及PESA治疗周期ICSI后所剩余活精子以常规方法加以冷冻,将复苏后找到了足量活精子并行ICSI的病例归为冻精组,而采用新鲜PESA活精子ICSI的病例则归为对照组。比较冻精组与对照组的受精率、种植率、临床妊娠率,同时分析两组间的妊娠并发症、新生儿出生及畸形等情况。结果:冻精组15个周期、对照组100个周期分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子163、1 157个,受精率冻精组显著高于对照组(84.05%vs73.29%,P<0.05),种植率、临床妊娠率则两组间差异无显著性(23.07%vs15.73%;53.33%vs37.00%,P>0.05),新生儿出生体重差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。冻精组共妊娠8例,已分娩5例,继续妊娠3例。对照组妊娠37例,已分娩30例,1例死胎;继续妊娠3例;流产4例。两组均未出现重大的妊娠并发症及新生儿畸形。结论:采用PESA冷冻精子ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的一种经济、有效、安全的方法;但PESA冻精复苏率有待于进一步提高。     

常规体外受精失败周期早补救卵胞浆内单精子注射与部分-卵胞浆内单精子注射受精方式的回顾性分析

目的比较早补救卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）与部分（Half）-ICSI两种授精方式在体外受精（IVF）助孕中的应用。方法回顾性分析76个常规IVF发生受精失败的移植周期。其中30个周期为早补救ICSI授精方式（早补救ICSI组）,46个周期为Half-ICSI授精方式（Half-ICSI组）。分析受精情况、胚胎质量、种植率、妊娠率、抱婴回家率、出生缺陷和卵母细胞利用情况。结果早补救ICSI组与Half—ICSI组的双原核（2PN）受精率、多PN受精率、1PN受精率、优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率、妊娠率、抱婴回家率、出生缺陷无显著差异（P〉0．05）。但早补救ICSI组卵母细胞利用率高于Half-ICSI组,平均受精卵数分别为（6．30±2．96）和（4．20±1．75）（P〈0．001）,胚胎数分别为（6．20±2．89）和（4．11±1．68）（P〈0．001）,冷冻胚胎数分别为（3．20±2．76）和（1．56±1．68）（P〈0．01）、冷冻周期率分别为76．67％和50．00％（P〈0．05）。结论在常规IVF完全受精失败的周期,早补救ICSI授精方式与Half-ICSI授精方式的受精率、胚胎质量和妊娠结局类似,但前者有更好的卵母细胞利用率和更多可利用胚胎。     

Treatment of infertility due to anejaculation in the male with electroejaculation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection

PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that spinal cord injury and/or anejaculation affects the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 1993 to October 1998 we obtained and prospectively reviewed data on 34 ICSI cycles using electroejaculated sperm, 620 male factor infertility ICSI cycles using normal ejaculated sperm and 120 cases of obstructive azoospermia, in which microsurgical epididymal aspiration and testicular sperm extraction-ICSI were done in 93 and 27, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 34 ICSI cycles were performed in 17 couples with male infertility due to anejaculation secondary to spinal cord injury in 10 patients and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 5, and idiopathic in 2. In all 17 couples at least 3 previous intrauterine insemination cycles had failed. After electroejaculation 11 men had oligozoospermia and 6 normal sperm density. Median sperm retrieval volume plus or minus standard deviation was 1.9 +/- 1.9 ml., median sperm concentration 70.7 +/- 60.2 x 106 sperm per ml., median motility 10.7% +/- 10.8% and median forward progression 2.3 +/- 0.5 (scale 1 to 4). In the anejaculation group ICSI resulted in a median fertilization of 60% +/- 28%, 15% pregnancies per cycle and 29% pregnancies per couple. In the control group of 620 ICSI cycles from ejaculated specimens obtained from male patients with infertility median fertilization was 58% +/- 26%, and there were 39% pregnancies per cycle and 47% pregnancies per couple. The rate of pregnancies per embryo transfer and per couple was higher in the control than in the electroejaculation-ICSI group (p <0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the fertilization rate. CONCLUSIONS: ICSI or in vitro fertilization is a viable alternative for patients with anejaculation in whom intrauterine insemination failed. While the fertilization rate is similar in these couples, the pregnancy rate is significantly lower than that achieved with ejaculated specimens from patients with severe male factor infertility. ICSI is a viable alternative for a patient with anejaculation in whom intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization failed.     

Clinical outcome after insemination with donor sperm in patients with poor results in ICSI cycles

The introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) provided an effective treatment for infertile couples whose infertility was attributed to male factors. However, some of them face poor results after ICSI and subsequently use artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID). Only a few studies have reported on the clinical outcome of AID cycles after previous failed ICSI cycles, with contrasting results. The results reported here involve a cohort of 47 couples undertaking 175 AID cycles after 120 failed ICSI cycles for various reasons. Couples were allocated to two groups according to the availability of top quality embryos (TQE) in ICSI cycles. In our series, AID was successful for couples with and without TQE previously transferred in ICSI cycles, the live birth rate (LBR) per cycle being 20.0% and 13.3%, respectively. However, couples with TQE tended to succeed more rapidly than couples with poor quality embryos, with a higher cumulative LBR (68.0% versus 54.5%, respectively). These findings demonstrate that even couples with a history of unsuccessful ICSI cycles because of poor embryo quality are able to achieve high LBR after AID cycles. However, such couples have a lower cumulative LBR and are required to be more patient to achieve parenthood.     

Relationship between donor sperm parameters and pregnancy outcome after intrauterine insemination: analysis of 2821 cycles in 1355 couples

The aim of this study was to investigate whether sperm parameters can affect the pregnancy outcome of artificial intrauterine insemination with cryopreserved donor spermatozoon (AID). A total of 1355 couples received 2821 AID treatment cycles in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Tongji Medical College between January 2010 and December 2013, and the data were collected and retrospectively analysed. The relationship between pre‐freezing, post‐thawing as well as optimised sperm parameters and AID pregnancy outcome was investigated. Clinical pregnancy rate and cumulated pregnancy rate were also calculated. A total of 728 cycles from 2821 treatment cycles achieved pregnancies, and cumulated pregnancy rate was 25.81%. Pre‐freezing progressive sperm motility in pregnant cycles was higher than that in nonpregnant cycles (P = 0.001); logistic regression analysis also indicated that pre‐freezing progressive sperm motility was the only parameter affecting pregnancy outcome (P = 0.0001). Our study also showed that the cumulated pregnancy rate increased progressively and reached a plateau after the fifth cycle. In conclusion, pre‐freezing progressive sperm motility should be a valuable predictor for AID pregnancy outcome. Female fertility factors should be considered, or IVF/ICSI should be recommended when couples received more than 5 AID cycles without pregnancy.     

Reproductive decisions by couples undergoing artificial insemination with donor sperm for severe male infertility: implications for medical counselling

Since 1992, ICSI has been introduced as a successful treatment for male infertility, including azoospermia. The present study is aimed at evaluating the practice of insemination with donor sperm (AID) in infertile couples who may benefit from the new developments that ICSI has brought in the last decade. AID was performed in 440 heterosexual couples. Twelve couples were lost for follow-up (3%). In 128 (29.9%) and 229 (53.5%) of the couples the husband was either oligozoospermic (OAT) or azoospermic. In 60 couples (14.0%) the man had a transmissible genetic trait. In 11 couples (2.6%) there were other indications for performing AID. In the OAT group 36 couples never had ICSI treatment (28.1%) because they had already an AID child born before the introduction of ICSI (n = 16), the burden of ICSI treatment was too high (n = 9) or they considered that ICSI success rate was too low (n = 7). Ninety-two couples tried ICSI treatment before opting for AID (71.9%), mainly because ICSI failed (n = 43). In 229 couples the husband had azoospermia (53.5%). In 112 couples (49%) no sperm or too few testicular sperm were found at testicular biopsy (TESE) and 15 couples (6.5%) had more than three failed ICSI-TESE attempts. Eighty-one azoospermic men refused TESE (35.4%) because of an anticipated low success rate (n = 28) or the burden of this approach (n = 23). Although a majority of patients could opt for ICSI, our results show that AID is still an option for many couples for whom these techniques were either not feasible or not successful. A substantial proportion of patients (33%) did not even opt for these advanced fertility treatments.     

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection using surgically retrieved epididymal and testicular spermatozoa in cases of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia

This was a retrospective study of 115 patients who underwent 124 cycles of ICSI using surgically retrieved spermatozoa. The objective was to compare the results of ICSI in patients with obstructive azoospermia using epididymal spermatozoa (36 cycles) or testicular spermatozoa (58 cycles) with ICSI in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia using testicular spermatozoa (30 cycles). When epididymal spermatozoa were used for ICSI, the fertilization rate per injected metaphase-II oocyte and the clinical pregnancy rate per ICSI cycle were 60.4 and 25%, respectively. When testicular spermatozoa were used in obstructive cases, the fertilization rate and pregnancy rate were 57.9 and 34.5%. In non-obstructive cases the fertilization and pregnancy rates were 41.2 and 16.6%. When patients with obstructive azoospermia were regrouped according to the cause of obstruction, the fertilization and pregnancy rates were 59.1 and 35.1% in acquired obstruction and 58.7 and 24.3% in congenital obstruction. The fertilization and pregnancy rates were not statistically different ( p  > 0.05) when testicular or epididymal spermatozoa were used in obstructive cases; neither was statistically different ( p  > 0.05) when compared in patients with congenital and acquired obstruction. On the other hand, the fertilization and pregnancy rates in cases with non-obstructive azoospermia were significantly lower ( p  < 0.05) than in obstructive cases.     

Genetic screening of karyotypes and azoospermic factors for infertile men who are candidates for ICSI

The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 8%. There was no single distinctive feature of semen parameters predictive of the existence of a chromosomal anomaly. All of the patients with obstructive azoospermia had normal karyotypes and AZF. Three patients out of 13 (23%) with nonobstructive azoospermia without 47,XXY had AZF deletions, as well as two (5%) of 43 with severe oligozoospermia. Ninety-two couples underwent 112 ICSI cycles for which a pregnancy rate of 58% was achieved. Five patients with abnormal karyotypes underwent 6 cycles of ICSI that resulted in 1 successful pregnancy. Two patients with AZF deletions achieved pregnancies. One ICSI-derived male had the same AZF deletion as his father, and 1 female baby had no risk of AZF deletion. The authors recommend karyotyping, excluding those with obstructive causes, prior to ICSI for genetic counseling.     

Different cumulative pregnancy rates in patients with repeated IVF- or ICSI cycles: possible influence of a male factor

The low rate of ongoing pregnancies in IVF cycles leads to a high number of repeated cycles in couples with previously failed attempts. Therefore it would be helpful to have a prediction about the chance of becoming pregnant in a repeated cycle. In a retrospective study the data of about 4246 cycles were analysed. Because the pregnancy rates in IVF- and ICSI cycles are generally different, these two groups were distinguished between and the outcome in patients with one, two or more attempts was analysed. The rate of ongoing pregnancies per patient was lower after IVF (24.9%) than after ICSI (32.9%), but was similar or even slightly increased in patients with more than one attempt. On the other hand, there was a high pregnancy rate with ICSI in the first two cycles (35.9%), but patients with more than two ICSI cycles had a significantly lower chance of becoming pregnant (20.7%). Factors that are known to influence the pregnancy rate, such as stimulation protocol, oocyte quality or number of transferred embryos, were similar in all groups. However, significantly reduced embryo quality with successive cycles was only observed in ICSI patients. There might be a negative selection of patients with poor embryo quality and previously failed attempts after ICSI, possibly due to an andrological factor. The differences between IVF- and ICSI patients are based on treatment indications, and andrological diseases are the predominant indication for ICSI. Although no correlation was found between changes in conventional sperm parameters and number of treated cycles, there might be a subgroup of andrological patients selected by repeatedly failed ICSI cycles. Chromosomal or genetic disturbances in spermatozoa of this subgroup could be the reason for failure.     

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of male infertility due to obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia

<正> Objective:To evaluate the effects of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ontreatment of infertility due to obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia.Methods:A retrospective analysis of fertilization,cleavage,embryo implantationand pregnancy rates was done in 158 ICSI cycles including 112 obstructive azoospermiaand 46 non-obstructive azoospermia.Ovarian hyperstimulation and ICSI procedureswere performed by conventional protocol.The sperm was collected by percutaneous epi-didymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE).Results:The fertilization rate (73.1% vs.67.0%),cleavage rate (88.6% vs.86.3%),embryo implantation rate (20.7% vs.11.4%),clinical pregnancy rate per trans-fer cycle (35.7% vs.19.6%) were obtained for obstructive and non-obstructiveazoospermia,respectively.Conclusion:The results revealed that in the cases of obstructive azoospermia,ferti-lization rate,embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantlyhigher than those of non-obstructive azoospermia.But there was no significant differ-ence of the cleavage rate between two groups.     

促排卵与宫腔内人工授精联合治疗不育症

为了比较不同的促排卵方法联合宫腔内人工授精（ＩＵＩ）治疗不育症的疗效。以排卵功能障碍、宫颈因素、免疫因素、原因不明、男方因素等导致不育的１４７对不育夫妇作为观察对象，分为３组。第一组：促性腺激素促排卵加ＩＵＩ，共５６例、６８周期；第二组：克罗米芬促排卵联合ＩＵＩ，共５０例，５６周期；第三组：自然周期加ＩＵＩ共４１例、４１周期。结果：第一组１６例妊娠，妊娠率２９％，周期妊娠率２４％；第二组３例妊娠，妊娠率６％，周期妊娠率５％；第三组妊娠３例，妊娠率与周期妊娠率均为７％。第一组与第二、第三组的妊娠率及周期妊娠率比较，差异均有显著意义，分别为Ｐ＜０．０１及Ｐ＜０．０２。结论：对难治性不育症，如选用ＩＵＩ治疗，则加用促性腺激素促排卵的妊娠率高于克罗米芬刺激排卵或不刺激周期。