肝移植后发生严重感染时细胞免疫功能的动态变化与免疫抑制剂的个体化调整

目的 探讨肝移植后发生严重感染时细胞免疫功能的动态变化和免疫抑制剂的个体化调整.方法 回顾分析378例尸体肝移植的临床资料.术后发生严重感染者74例(感染组),其中54例治愈(治愈组),20例死亡(死亡组),以同期50例肝功能正常,未发生感染和排斥反应的肝移植受者为对照组.测定和比较各组受者T淋巴细胞亚群及绝对计数的变化.另根据免疫抑制剂个体化调整策略的不同,将感染组受者分为常规调节组(53例)和个体化调节组(21例),观察免疫抑制方案个体化调整后的疗效.结果 与对照组比较,其他3组术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分和术中出血量均明显较高(P<0.05);且死亡组均显著高于感染组和治愈组(P<0.05).对照组术后1周到出院时,淋巴细胞和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数均明显升高(P<0.01).与对照组术后1周时比较,感染组术后1周和感染时淋巴细胞和CD4+T淋巴细胞明显较低(P<0.01).治愈组感染控制后CD4+T 淋巴细胞和淋巴细胞计数较术后1周与感染时明显升高(P<0.01).死亡组CD4+T淋巴细胞和淋巴细胞计数持续降低(P<0.05).术后1周和感染时,常规调节组和个体化调节组间各免疫指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两组治愈率分别为66.0%(35/53)和90.5%(19/21,P<0.05),急性排斥反应发生率分别为5.7 %(3/53)和0(P>0.05).结论 淋巴细胞和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数及其动态变化对肝移植术后感染的发生和预后影响较大.根据免疫功能动态变化对严重感染受者个体化调整免疫抑制剂,有助于改善肝移植严重感染者的预后.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of the cellular immune function in severe infection after liver transplantation, and to guide the individualized immunology adjustment. Methods 378 cases of livertransplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy-four cases (infection group) suffered serious infection, including 54 cases cured (cure group), 20 cases died (death group). Fifty cases without infection and rejection were randomly selected as control group (stable group). According to the individualized adjusting proposal of immunosuppressants, 74 patients with severe infection were divided into two groups: traditional (T) group and individualized (Ⅰ) group. The general condition, recovery rate and change of cellular immune function pre- and post-treatment were analyzed. Results The preoperative MELD score and the intraoperative blood loss in infection group were significantly higher than stable group, and those in death group were higher than in cure group. CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte counts in stable group were increased significantly from first week post-operation to discharge. The two indicators in infection group at first week postoperation and the onset of infection were lower than in stable group (P<0. 01). In cure group after infection was controlled the two indicators were higher than at first week post-operation and the onset of infection (P<0. 01), while in death group they were reduced up to death (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in age, preoperative MELD score and the immune function indicators both at first week post-operation and the onset of infection between T group and Ⅰ group, except the intraoperative blood loss in Ⅰ group was greater than in T group. The recovery rate in Ⅰ group (90. 5 %)was higher than in T group (66.0 %). Conclusion Individualized adjustments of immunosuppressants guided according to the dynamic changes of cellular immune function helped to improve the prognosis of severe infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后ImmuKnow细胞免疫功能与白细胞及T淋巴细胞计数的相关性研究

目的 探讨肝移植术后ImmuKnow细胞免疫功能测定值与白细胞分类计数和T淋巴细胞亚群计数的相关性,为临床提供一种价格低廉快速判断肝移植受者细胞免疫功能的方法.方法 选择49例行经典原位肝移植术受者术后2周至2个月内在无糖皮质激素应用情况下的外周血样本.分析ImmuKnow测定值与白细胞分类计数和T淋巴细胞亚群计数的相关性.并随机选择5例无激素免疫抑制的移植受者于术后2、3、4、6、8周分别重复检测上述指标,进一步验证其相关性.结果 白细胞总数与ImmuKnow ATP值相关性最高,相关系数为0.821;中性粒细胞计数与ImmuKnow ATP值相关性次之,相关系数为0.787;单核细胞计数相关系数虽然有统计学意义,但相关系数低于0.5.淋巴细胞计数和淋巴细胞亚群计数与ImmuKnow ATP值的相关性无统计学意义.5例无激素免疫抑制受者术后重复检测ImmuKnow ATP值的变化与细胞总数的变化呈正相关,相关系数均>0.5.结论 肝移植术后早期白细胞计数与CD4+T细胞ImmuKnow ATP值具有一定的正相关性,白细胞计数的变化,可以在一定程度上反映ImmuKnow ATP值的变化.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral differential blood count and ATP value in Cell CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method in liver transplants. Methods In this study 49recipients after classic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were enrolled. In a period from two weeks to two months after transplantation when all were free of glucocorticoid. Blood were sent for WBC differential samples count and ATP value in Cell-CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method via SPSS17. 0 software. Five more samples were selected randomly for duplicated testing of the indices in Week2, 3, 4,6 and 8 after the transplanting operation to further verify the relativity. Results White blood cell count has the highest relativity with ImmuKnow ATP value at 0. 821. The 5 recipients were repeatedly tested for ImmuKnow ATP values that were found positively correlated to cell count with a coefficient of over 0. 5. Conclusions The peripheral leukocyte count in early stage after liver transplantation is in positive correlation with ATP value in Cell CD4 + T, and the changes of numeration of leukocyte reflect changes of ATP value.     

终末期良性肝病患者肝移植后免疫抑制治疗单中心经验总结

目的 总结单中心原发病为良性终末期肝病患者肝移植后免疫抑制剂的应用经验,探讨个体化治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析单中心1400例肝移植中645例原发病为良性终末期肝病者的资料.2002年4月至2004年12月为第1阶段(共146例),受者均采用常规三联用药方案,即他克莫司(Tac)+吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)+甲泼尼龙(MP);2005年1月至2007年12月为第2阶段(共273例),受者用药量较前减少;2008年1月至2010年8月为第3阶段(共226例),根据术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分及受者状况分为常规组和重症组,采用个体化免疫抑制方案.结果 3个阶段中,MELD评分<25分者的存活率分别为88.9%、94.2%和95.4%,MELD评分≥25分者的存活率分别为67.7%、73.4%和82.0%.3个阶段中MELD评分<25分者排斥反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),MELD评分≥25分者第2阶段和第3阶段排斥反应发生率稍高于第1阶段(P<0.05).结论 肝移植术后免疫抑制剂的应用可根据受者的具体情况进行个体化应用,有利于提高其存活率.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the individual immunosuppressive protocol (IP) after liver transplantation (LT) in benign end-stage liver disease. Methods The clinical data of 645 patients with benign end-stage liver disease undergoing LT in our institute from April 2002 to Aug 2010 wen analyzed retrospectively. 146 cases from Apr. 2002 to Dec. 2004 were in stage one, and triple therapy containing tacrolimus (Tac), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and methylprednisolone (MP) was used;273 cases from Jan. 2005 to Dec 2007 were in stage two, and the less dose of immunosuppressant than stage one was used; 226 cases from Jan. 2008 to Aug. 2010 were in stage three, and they wen divided into conventional group and severe patient group according to their preoperative model for endstage liver disease (MELD) score and patient condition, the individual IP was used. Results The overall survival rate of patients with MELD score <25 was 88. 9 % in stage one, 94. 2 % in stage two, and 95. 4 % in stage three; The overall survival rate of patients with MELD score ≥25 was 67. 7 % in stage one, 73. 4 % in stage two, and 82. 0 % in stage three. The incidence of rejection ir cases with MELD score <25 had no significant difference (P>0. 05). The incidence of rejection in cases with MELD score ≥25 in stage two and stage three was higher slightly than in stage one (P<0. 05). Conclusion The IP after liver transplantation should be individualized according to recipient conditions, which can increase survival rate.     

联合腰-硬镇痛对分娩产妇IL-1β、IL-10及T细胞亚群的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia(CSEA) on immunological function and Th1/Th2 balance by observing the levels of serum T-lymphocyte subsets,IL-1β and IL-10 during labor in maternity.Methods Fifty healthy primipara expecting spontaneous labor were randomly divided into two groups(n=25).CSEA was performed with 20 μg fentanyl for lumbar analgesia and with complex of ropivacaine(0.1%) and fentanyl(2 μg/ml) for epidural analgesia in group Ⅰ,and no labor analgesia was given in group Ⅱ.Serum cortisol,IL-1β,IL-10 and T lymphocyte subsets was detected at cervical dilation of 2 cm-3 cm (T1),fetal disengagement (T2) and 24 h after childbirth (T3).Labor progress,VAS and neonatal Apgar score were recorded.Results The active phase of the first labor stage significantly shortened in group Ⅰ compared to that in group Ⅱ (P＜0.05),without difference in neonatal Apgar score between two groups.Along with labor progress,the level of serum IL-1β markedly increased in two groups,and the levels of cortisol,IL-1β and IL-10 were obviously decreased at T2 in group Ⅰ compared to those in group Ⅱ(P＜0.05).The levels of serum CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+ decreased in both groups,with significant reduction at T3 (P＜0.05) and more significant in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Conclusion CSEA shortens the active delivery phase in the first stage of labor and alleviates pain stress-induced inhibition on immune function and may benefit the balance of Th1/Th2 in maternity.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

人肝细胞生长因子基因转染对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

Objective To compare the efficacy of two hHGF gene electroporation methodologies(muscle and kidney) in order to reduce the deleterious effects induced by renal warm ischemia. Methods Thirty male SD rats were divided into three groups, 10 in each group. One group was warm ischemia without pretreatment as control. The other two groups received hHGF gene muscle injection and subsequent electroporation and hHGF gene kidney electroporation respectively 3 days before renal warm ischemia. Pharmacokinetic, function and histology were assessed in ischemic kidney. Scr levels were measured at day 1,3,5 after injury. Results Plasma hHGF levels and hHGF expression of renal tissue in kidney electroporation group were higher than those in muscle electroporation group（P<0.01）. Both treated groups showed lower Scr than control[(79.4±23.4), (109.7±18.6) vs (164.8±55.5) ?滋mol/L,P<0.05]. The kidney electroporation group showed faster recovery of renal function, with significantly lower Scr level compared to muscle electroporation group. The tubular necrosis score was lower in both HGF-treated groups(P<0.05). The tubular necrosis score of the hHGF gene kidney electroporation group(1.365±0.186) was lower than that of hHGF gene muscle electroporation group (1.864±0.389) (P<0.05). hHGF-treated groups had fewer macrophages and lymphocytes than control group, as well as lower values of MPO activity(P<0.01), but no significant difference was found between 2 hHGF-treated groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Kidney direct electrotransfer is shown to be more efficient not only in pharmacokinetic but also in therapy as compared to muscle electrotransfer, so it may become a clinically practical alternative in renal transplantation.     

细胞免疫功能测定在肝移植术后早期真菌感染防治中的应用

目的 探讨细胞免疫功能监测在肝移植术后早期真菌感染防治中的应用.方法 对2004年1月至2010年1月间所施行的679例尸体肝移植的临床资料进行回顾性分析,受者术后均采用他克莫司(Tac)+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松预防排斥反应.根据真菌感染防治方案不同将679例分为3组,A组:常规经验防治,共394例,所有受者术后常规使用氟康唑2周;B组:结合T淋巴细胞亚群计数防治,共151例,术后1周时,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<100×106/L,CD4+细胞/CD8+细胞比值<1.0的受者,维持血Tac浓度在较低水平,给予氟康唑口服2周;C组:根据T淋巴细胞亚群计数、CD4+细胞/CD8+细胞比值和CD4+ T淋巴细胞ATP值进行个体化防治,共134例.分析各组真菌感染发生率、病死率、急性排斥反应发生情况以及真菌感染与细胞免疫功能的关系.结果 A、B、C组真菌感染发生率依次下降,分别为28.9%、21.2 %和19.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),病死率分别为16.7%、12.5%和3.8%,虽呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),急性排斥反应发生率依次下降,分别为28.4%、17.2%和13.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).B、C组真菌感染病例CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数为(147±43)×106/L)计数<100×106/L的受者病死率高达50.0%,计数为(100～200)×106/L者的病死率为2.4%(1/41),二者间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CD4+T淋巴细胞计数与ATP值间无线性相关关系,真菌感染病例的ATP值为(117±61)μg/L.结论 根据T淋巴细胞亚群计数和CD4+T淋巴细胞ATP值量化评估肝移植受者细胞免疫功能,进行个体化免疫调节,制定个体化真菌感染防治方案,是减少肝移植术后早期真菌感染,降低真菌感染病死率的有效方法 .     

The relationship between adenosine triphosphate within CD4(+) T lymphocytes and acute rejection after liver transplantation

Dong J‐Y, Yin H, Li R‐D, Ding G‐S, Fu Z‐R, Wu Y‐M, Wang Z‐X. The relationship between adenosine triphosphate within CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and acute rejection after liver transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E292–E296. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: There have been increasing interests in the relationship between CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and acute rejection (AR) in transplantation. In this study, we explore the role of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes after liver transplantation. Methods: From February to October 2009, 87 patients underwent liver transplantation. They were divided into the AR group and non‐acute rejection (NAR) group, with 56 healthy individuals in the control group. Blood specimens were collected preoperatively and at one, two, and four wk postoperatively for all groups and also on the day when AR occurred and one wk after intravenous glucocorticoid therapy for the AR group. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured using the ImmuKnow? test kits for immune cell functions. Results: After transplantation, the ATP levels within CD4⁺ T lymphocytes were significantly elevated in the two groups when compared with the preoperative levels. It peaked in the AR group and was significantly higher than that of the NAR group (p < 0.05). By ROC curve analysis, the obvious elevation of the ATP value one wk after transplantation had better sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the AR. The ATP sensitivity rate for early AR was 85.7% and specificity rate 80.9% when the cutoff value was 407 μg/L. The ATP value collected on the day of AR occurrence has apparently positive correlation with the rejection acting index (RAI) (p < 0.01). After the intravenous glucocorticoid therapy, all the ARs were reversed and the ATP value declined significantly compared with the control group and that on the day when AR occurred (p < 0.01). Conclusions: During the early postoperative period (especially at first week after liver transplantation), the elevation of ATP levels within CD4⁺ T lymphocytes has good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the AR at early stage. And the degree of AR has positive relationship with ATP value. After the intravenous glucocorticoid therapy, the obvious declination of AR might be used in evaluating the effectiveness of anti‐rejection treatment.     

肝癌肝移植术后个体化化疗疗效初步分析

目的　探讨肝癌肝移植术后辅助个体化化疗对预防肝癌复发、提高肝癌肝移植疗效的临床意义。方法　回顾分析 2 0 0 1年 4月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月 2 1例肝癌肝移植术后依据ATP TCA结果制定并实施个体化化疗患者的临床资料。 5 2例单纯采用肝移植治疗的肝癌患者作为对照组 ,比较两组肝癌患者的累计生存率和累计无瘤生存率。结果　个体化化疗组和未作化疗组肝移植术后 1年、2年生存率分别为 92 31%、73 85 %和 92 0 6 %、6 3 93% ,两组术后累计生存率比较差异无显著意义 ;个体化化疗组和未作化疗组患者肝移植术后 6、12、18、2 4个月的无瘤生存率分别为 90 0 0 %、80 0 0 %、80 0 0 %、6 0 0 0 %和 6 7 31%、5 1 92 %、4 0 0 3%、37 81% ,二组术后累计无瘤生存率差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　肝移植术后辅助个体化化疗能显著降低肝癌肝移植术后的肿瘤复发率 ,明显延长肝移植术后的无瘤生存时间。根据ATP TCA技术指导制定的肝癌肝移植术后个体化化疗方案具有临床应用价值。     

CD4~+T淋巴细胞内ATP含量与肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的关系

目的探讨CD4+T淋巴细胞内三磷腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)含量与原发性肝癌(肝癌)肝移植术后肿瘤复发的关系。方法 64例次肝癌肝移植,56名健康志愿者(对照组)纳入该研究。采集外周血标本,用ImmuKnowTM免疫细胞功能测定试剂盒检测CD4+T淋巴细胞内ATP值。根据样本采集时肝癌肝移植患者是否发生肝癌复发,将采集的64份全血标本分为非复发组(51份)和复发组(13份)。结果健康对照组、非复发组、复发组的CD4+T淋巴细胞内ATP含量分别为(459±121)ng/ml、(308±101)ng/ml、(138±97)ng/ml,复发组的ATP值明显低于非复发组和对照组。ATP值降低(147ng/ml)时肝癌复发的风险明显增加,与肝癌复发存在良好的相关性。结论 CD4+T淋巴细胞内ATP含量与肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发具有良好相关性,监测肝癌肝移植术后患者的上述指标对评估其免疫状态、制定个体化治疗方案具有实用价值。     

应用MELD与CTP评分预估乙型肝炎患者肝移植后早期临床结果的比较分析

目的 探讨术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分和Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)评分预估乙型肝炎患者肝移植后早期临床结果 的价值.方法 以31例接受首次肝移植、原发病为慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化的患者为对象,术前对其进行MELD评分和CTP评分,并计算术前1个月和术前即时MELD评分的差值(△MELD).均采用背驮式肝移植术式.观察患者的术中情况,统计受者术后6个月存活率以及各类并发症的发生率,分析3种评分与它们的相关关系.结果 31例中,MELD评分<25分者21例,≥25分者10例;△MELD值<5分者23例,≥5分者8例;术前CTP评分为A级者5例,B级者5例,C级者21例.术前MELD评分<25分者和≥25分者的6个月存活率分别为85.7%和50.0%(P<0.05);△MELD值<5分者和≥5分者的6个月存活率分别为91.3%和25.0%(P<0.01);CTP分组中,A、B、C级间6个月存活率的差异无统计学意义.MELD评分<25分者和△MELD值<5分者的手术耗时明显短于评分较高者(P<0.05,P<0.01),其术中少浆血的需要量也显著减少(P<0.01);在术中大出血和低血压的发生率上,△MELD值<5分者明显低于≥5分者(P<0.01;P<0.05).术前MEID评分<25分者术后败血症和腹腔感染发生率明显低于≥25分者(P<0.05,P<0.05);△MELD值<5分者术后急性肾功能衰竭、胆漏、败血症和腹腔感染发生率明显低于≥5分者(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01).经多因素回归分析,仅有△MELD值与受者术后存活率呈负相关.结论 术前MELD评分能较好地预测慢性乙型肝炎患者肝移植术后的早期临床结果 ;术前MELD评分≥25分和△MELD≥5分,患者肝移植后的存活率低,并发症的发生率较高,预后较差.     

术前MELD评分和术后CD14^＋／HLA—DR测定在肝移植术后感染预测中的意义

目的：探讨原位肝移植术前终末期肝病模型（MELD）评分和术后CD14^＋单核细胞人自细胞DR抗原（CD14^＋／HLA-DR）表达率的变化在术后感染预测中的临床意义。方法：按美国胸科医师协会／危重病医学会的定义,将83例肝移植术后患者分为非感染组、感染组、感染性休克组,分别测定3组患者术前血胆红素、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值（INR）、血肌酐,计算MELD评分,并动态检测术后CD14^＋／HLA—DR表达率,分析其在感染监测中的价值。结果：感染组和感染休克组术前血胆红素、INR、血肌酐和MELD评分均显著高于非感染组（P〈0．01）,CD14^＋／HLA-DR表达率均显著低于非感染组（P〈0．01）。感染组和感染休克组之间比较,上述指标均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。感染发生后,感染组、感染性休克组的CD14^＋／HLA—DR值显著下降,与非感染组比较,差异具有显著性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;感染最重时两组的CD14^＋／HLA—DR值均降到最低值,与非感染组比较,差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：术前MELD评分和术后CD14^＋／HLA—DR表达率是监测肝移植术后感染发生及判断预后的良好指标。对术前高MELD评分或术后可疑感染的患者,动态监测CD14^＋／HLA-DR表达率对病情判断和治疗调整均有较好的指导意义。     

肾移植术后肺部感染状态下免疫抑制剂的调整

目的 探讨肾移植术后肺部感染患者免疫抑制剂的应用与预后的关系.方法 对肾移植术后合并肺部感染的98例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析.将患者分为维持应用免疫抑制剂组(维持剂量组,45例)与免疫抑制剂减量或停用组(调整剂量组,53例).按与感染相关的器官衰竭估计评分(SOFA)标准,在肾移植术后肺部感染较重(SOFA≥12分)和感染较轻(SOFA＜12分)的情况下,分别分析两组患者的死亡率、感染恢复时间和排斥反应发生率的差异.结果 当SOFA≥12分时,调整剂量组死亡率和感染恢复时间明显低于维持剂量组(P＜0.05),而排斥反应发生率在两组之间的差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05);当SOFA＜12分时,死亡率和感染恢复时间在两组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但调整剂量组患者排斥反应发生率明显高于维持剂量组(P＜0.05).结论 在肾移植术后肺部感染较重(SOFA≥12分)时,减量和停用免疫抑制剂有利于降低患者的死亡率和缩短抗感染疗程;但感染较轻(SOFA＜12分)时,建议维持免疫抑制剂原剂量不变.     

B7-H1与移植免疫

B7-homolog1（B7-H1）是迄今发现的B7家族中较新的共刺激分子。它对T细胞具有双重效应,可以激活初始T细胞,抑制活化的效应T细胞。参与多种免疫过程的发生。在一些动物器官移植模型研究中,发现B7-H1在抑制免疫排斥,诱导免疫耐受,保护移植物中有重要的作用。以B7-H1为靶点的干预方法在未来可能成为器官移植后免疫抑制治疗的有效方法。本文就B7-H1在移植免疫中作用的研究进展做一综述。