冠状动脉造影与血C反应蛋白水平关系研究

目的　探讨冠状动脉病变程度与血清 C-反应蛋白 (CRP)的水平关系。方法　检测血清 CRP水平 ,将 10 0例冠心病 (CHD)患者分为 2组 ,A组 :CRP<0 .0 5 g/ L,4 0例 (40 % ) ;B组 :CRP>0 .0 5 g/ L,6 0例 (6 0 % ) ,全部患者均采用 Judking法行冠状动脉造影术 (CAG) ,其结果结合 CRP进行分析。结果　B、C型血管病变、多支病变、心肌梗塞 (MI)患者均是 B组大于 A组 ,(P<0 .0 1) ;A型病变、单支病变、心绞痛患者均是 A组大于 B组 ,(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　炎症反应是导致冠状动脉狭窄、斑块及破裂的原因 ,CRP是检测冠心病危险分层的重要指标     

冠心病患者血清C3和CRP的水平分析

目的了解C3、CRP与冠心病(CAD)的相关性。方法测定40名病人(经冠状动脉造影术确诊为典型冠心病)及40名年龄、性别相当的正常对照人群的血清C3、CRP、CHO、TG、HDL、LDL及空腹血糖水平。结果病人组的C3、CRP水平明显高于正常对照组(C3分别为2.94g/l和1.43g/l,P<0.001;CRP分别为19.32mg/l和5.71mg/l,P=0.005)。通过包括C3、CRP、CHO、TG、HDL、LDL及空腹血糖等参数的相关分析,C3与冠心病是独立相关的。结论CAD病人血清C3和CRP水平是升高的,且C3比CRP具有更好的相关性。     

周产期妇女多不饱和脂肪酸营养状况及其动态变化

目的：国内外少见有关孕妇、乳母多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)摄入水平及血中PUFA水平的动态变化报道，为了解围生期妇女PUFA摄入情况并追踪观察母婴PUFA的动态变化。方法：选取产检门诊孕妇146名，在孕(22&;#177;2)周，孕(38&;#177;2)周，产后(13&;#177;2)周分3次进行3d 24h回顾法膳食调查。同时随机抽取48名用毛细管气相色谱法测定孕(22&;#177;2)周，孕(38&;#177;2)周，产后(13&;#177;2)周及其婴儿出生时血浆、红细胞中多不饱和脂肪酸水平。结果：孕期、哺乳期妇女人均花生四烯酸(arachidoni cacid，AA)，二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic aied，DHA)摄入量分别为(268．71&;#177;102．3)mg／d和(103．17&;#177;51．43)mg／do母体产后3个月时血浆α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid，ALA)、亚油酸(1enoleic acid，LA)、AA和DHA水平分别为(370．64&;#177;162．76)，(25．58&;#177;9．17)，(132．09&;#177;44．58)和(39．46&;#177;16．81)mg／L．均显著性低于孕38周水平，分别为(872．20&;#177;208．20)，(49．67&;#177;19．49)，(175．24&;#177;55．64)和(68．32&;#177;19．95)mg／L (P&;lt;0．05)，红细胞中脂肪酸也有相似的变化。母体产后3个月时血浆、红细胞LA,ALA和DHA水平也显著性低于孕22周水平(P(0．05)。脐血浆、红细胞中LA，ALA水平均显著低于母孕38周水平(P&;lt;0．05)，而AA,DHA水平与母孕38周水平差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0．05)。婴儿3个月龄时血浆LA，AA，DHA水平均显著低于脐血浆(P&;lt;0．05)。脐血DHA与母体孕38周血ALA，DHA显著正相关。结论：广州地区围生期妇女DHA摄入量低于美国国立卫生研究院提出的DHA适宜摄入量。妇女产后PUFA水平显著低于孕38周水平，婴儿3个月龄时血浆LA，hA，DHA水平均低于出生时水平。     

急性冠脉综合征患者C-反应蛋白与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系

目的　探讨C -反应蛋白 (CRP)预测急性冠脉综合征 (ACS)的价值以及CRP与ACS患者冠状动脉病变狭窄程度的关系。方法　用免疫速率散射比浊法测定 79例ACS患者血清CRP水平 ,并与 5 0例稳定型心绞痛 (SAP)患者进行对照 ;同时根据ACS患者冠状动脉造影结果 ,对冠状动脉病变的狭窄程度进行评分 ;用统计学方法分析ACS患者血清CRP水平与冠状动脉病变狭窄程度积分间的关系。结果　ACS组的对数转换CRP(logCRP)水平显著高于SAP组 (P <0 0 0 1) ;ACS组患者血清CRP水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度积分之间无相关性 (r =0 0 0 4 5 ,P >0 5 )。结论　CRP可作为预测ACS的指标之一 ;CRP水平不能反映ACS患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度     

C反应蛋白在冠心病及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中意义

目的　探讨在稳定型心绞痛 (SA) ,不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)和冠状动脉造影正常组三组病例C反应蛋白(C reactiveprotein ,CRP)水平变化的临床意义。探讨CRP变化与手术参数的相关性。探讨CRP在住院期间预测主要不良心脏事件 (majoradversecardiacevent,MACE)的价值。方法　测定入选患者 (n =97)CRP水平 ,观察冠状动脉性心脏病 (CHD)病例中高CRP水平组 (n =2 5 )及低CRP水平组 (n =35 )围手术期及住院期间MACE。结果　UA组 (n=37)CRP水平高于SA(n=2 7)和冠状动脉造影组 (n =33) [(2 3.4± 2 .3)mg/Lvs(6 .1± 8.3)mg/L ,P <0 .0 1;(2 3.4± 2 .3)mg/Lvs(4 .6± 3.7)mg/L ,P <0 .0 0 1]。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (percutaneouscoronaryintervention ,PCI)组 (n =39)手术后CRP水平明显增高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,经皮穿刺冠状动脉球囊成型术 (percutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplasty,PTCA)总时间 >10秒与PTCA总时间≤ 10秒CRP手术前后差值差异有统计学意义 [(2 8.2±17.6 )mg/L vs(17.2± 7.1)mg/L ,P <0 .0 5 ],支架最大扩张压力 ,支架扩张总时间 ,支架长度两组间CRP手术前后差值差异均无统计学意义。高CRP组 (CRP >15mg/L)CHD围手术期及住院期间反复发作心绞痛高于低CRP组(CRP <15mg/L) (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　血清     

血浆髓过氧化物酶水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及侧支循环的关系

目的:观察髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)在稳定性心绞痛(stable angina pectoris,SAP)患者血浆中的表达,分析其与冠状动脉病变严重程度及侧支循环形成的关系。方法:收集160例中南大学湘雅医院心内科行选择性冠状动脉造影术的SAP患者,以Gensini评分为标准对冠状动脉病变严重程度分级,其中评分≥50分为重症组(n=72),50分为轻症组(n=88);其中至少一支主要冠状动脉狭窄≥90%患者62例,按照Rentrop法对其冠状动脉侧支循环评分,将0级、1级设为侧支循环不良组(n=27),2级、3级设为侧支循环良好组(n=35)。在冠状动脉造影前取血,酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELASA)测定上述病人MPO水平。结果:Gensini评分重症组血浆MPO水平[(7.76±1.08)ng/mL]显著高于评分轻症组[(4.39±0.99)ng/mL](P0.05)。相关性分析发现MPO水平与冠心病Gensini积分呈正相关(R2=0.582,P0.01)。侧支循环形成不良组MPO浓度[(6.19±0.92)ng/mL]高于侧支循环良好组[(4.32±0.80)ng/mL](P0.05),相关性分析发现血浆MPO水平与冠脉侧支循环Rentrop分级呈负相关(R2=0.427,P0.01)。结论:稳定性心绞痛患者血浆MPO水平与冠状动脉Gensini积分呈正相关,与Rentrop分级呈负相关,其水平升高反映冠状动脉侧支循环的形成不良。     

糖尿病合并冠心病的发病特征与冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究

目的:观察糖尿病合并冠心病(CAHD)患者血脂指标、C反应蛋白(CRP)和胰岛素抵抗水平与冠状动脉病变的关系及其相关性.方法:经冠状动脉造影证实的糖尿病合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏痛患者76例,无糖尿病组合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者46例,另选36例冠状动脉造影阴性者为对照组,测定其高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、血糖(GLU)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、甘油三酯(TG)、胰岛素抵抗水平指数(HOMA-IR)和血浆CRP水平.结果:(1)糖尿病组冠脉多支病变(2支病变及3支病变)发生率均显著高于无糖尿病组(P<0.05),两组每支血管狭窄总积分无明显差异;(2)糖尿病合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病组LDL、GLU、CRP、TG、HOMA-IR值高于无糖尿病冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病组和对照组,ISI、HDL值低于无糖尿病冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)3支血管病变组(n=19)与双支血管病变组(n=55)和对照组(n=36)比较,其LDL、GLU、CRP、TG、HOMA-IR值高于对照组和双支血管病变组,ISI、HDL值低于无糖尿病冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病组、对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(4)血管病变支数与LDL、GLU、CRP和HOMA-IR呈明显正相关(P<0.05),与HDL、ISI呈负相关(P<0.05).结论:糖尿病合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者存在较严重血脂代谢紊乱、炎症反应和胰岛素抵抗水平,程度与冠状动脉病变程度相关,可能是冠心病的危险因素.     

MSCT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的 :研究MSCT在冠状动脉成像中的临床应用价值。方法 :4 0例疑冠状动脉狭窄者行MSCT扫描 ,利用最大密度投影 (MIP)重建 ,2D重建 ,仿真内窥镜技术 ,了解冠状动脉病变情况 ,并与冠状动脉造影对比。结果 :4 0例 16 0支血管经MSCT成像 ,134支 (84 % )可用于影像学评价 ,2 6支 (16 % )不能评价。冠状动脉造影发现狭窄 4 6支 ,其中左前降支 (LAD)病变 18支 ,回旋支 (LCA)病变 12支 ,左主干 (LMA) 3支 ,右冠 (RCA)病变 13支。MSCT发现狭窄 4 1支 ,其中左前降支病变 14支 ,回旋支病变 12支 ,左主干病变 3支 ,右冠病变 12支。敏感性为 82 .6 % (38/ 4 6 ) ,特异性 97.3% (111/ 114 )。结论 :在控制心率的情况下 ,MSCT可作为冠状动脉狭窄的一种无创筛选检查方法。     

超声心动图对冠心病冠脉受累的评价及意义

【目的】探讨超声心动图（EcH0）评价冠心病（CAD）的价值。【方法】对111例拟诊为冠心病的病人行超声心动图检查和冠状动脉造影术（CAG）检查,以冠状动脉狭窄≥50％为CAG阳性来评价ECHO对冠心病的诊断价值。【结果】ECH0诊断CAD的敏感性和特异性分别为54．5％和91．7％;诊断心肌梗死的敏感性为83．7％（其中诊断急性心梗的敏感性90．3％;诊断陈旧性心梗的敏感性66．7％）;ECHO诊断单支病变和多支病变的敏感性分别29．0％和67．6％。【结论】ECH0对CAD和单支病变的敏感性较低,对心肌梗死和评价CAD严重程度有较高的诊断价值。     

稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成与PD-ECGF的相关性研究

[目的]探讨冠状动脉严重狭窄患者的冠状动脉侧支循环（CCC ）形成与血小板源性内皮细胞生长因子（PD-ECGF）浓度的关系。[方法]入选冠状动脉造影术左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉中至少1支狭窄≥90％的患者55例,按照Rentrop分级方法,对CCC进行分级：0级16例,1级14例,2级15例,3级10例;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者 PD-ECGF浓度;应用Gensini积分系统评价患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度。[结果]0和1级组血清PD-ECGF水平明显低于2和3级组。CCC分级与血清PD-ECGF浓度水平呈正相关（r＝0．86, P＜0．01）。血清PD-ECGF浓度与Gensini积分呈正相关（r＝0．93,P＜0．01）。[结论]冠状动脉严重狭窄患者,随着血清PD-ECGF浓度增加,其侧支循环越发达,因此PD-ECGF可能促进了CCC的生成。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.