大鼠应激性胃溃疡的形成与中枢神经系统,胃和血浆中单胺…

目的：了解应激性胃溃疡的形成与中枢神经系统、胃和血浆中单胺类神经递质的关系。方法：Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分成３个组，正常对照组、应激溃疡组和自然恢复组。应激溃疡组为应激７小时后立即取材检测，自然恢复组为应激性胃溃疡形成后自然恢复２４小时进行取材检测。取胃组织、血浆、端脑、间脑和脑干，采用荧光光度法测定单胺类神经递质。结果：应激在引起胃粘膜损伤的同时，中枢和外周神经系统的５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）和５－羟吲哚     

缺铁性贫血大鼠学习记忆能力及脑组织单胺类神经递质的改变

为研究缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其生化基础，应用低铁饮食（含铁量为１１．９ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料）建立了ＩＤＡ大鼠模型，用ＭＧ－２型３等分辐射式迷宫检测了大鼠的学习记忆能力，用３电极等离子体原子发射直读光谱仪测定脑组织铁含量，酶组化法测定纹状体单胺氧化酶（ＭＡＯ）活性，高效液相色谱电化学检测器测定大脑皮层及海马组织中单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的含量。结果显示ＩＤＡ大鼠在迷宫测验中达标所需反应次数显著多于对照组，正确反应率显著低于对照组，脑组织铁含量及ＭＡＯ活性均降低，大脑皮层去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）及５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）含量较对照组升高，海马组织中ＮＥ含量也升高，５－ＨＴ的代谢产物５－羟吲哚乙酸（５－ＨＩＡＡ）较对照组降低。结果表明，ＩＤＡ大鼠的学习记忆能力明显降低，脑组织单胺类神经递质的代谢异常是ＩＤＡ大鼠学习记忆障碍的生化基础之一。     

钩体OmpL39和择时施灸对神经体液免疫的影响

本研究用不同时间艾灸，观察特异性钩体ＯｍｐＬ３９抗原对豚鼠抗体和外周血单胺类神经递质５ＨＴ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ及５ＨＩＡＡ的影响。结果表明，在免疫应答期，下午对钩体ＯｍｐＬ３９免疫的豚鼠施灸，免疫保护力可以达到８７５％，外周血５ＨＴ、ＤＡ、ＮＥ明显降低，５ＨＩＡＡ明显升高，与上午施术组有显著差异（ｐ＜００５）。提示，不同时间施灸可使免疫功能和体内神经递质水平产生差异，下午对豚鼠施灸较上午施灸效果好     

健乙液对老年大鼠神经,内分泌及血液流变性的影响

目的 探讨中药健乙液益智抗衰老的作用及其机理。方法 用２１月龄大鼠作为衰老模型，６月龄大鼠为青年对照组，应用健忆液进行治疗，检测血浆皮质醇、血液流变学及脑内单胺类神经递质的含量。结果 健忆液能使老年大鼠皮质醇含量下降；血液粘度改善；脑组织多巴胺（ＤＡ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、５－羟吲哚乙酸（５－ＨＩＡＡ）含量升高，５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）含量降低，以至５－ＨＴ／ＮＥ、５ＨＴ／ＤＡ、５ＨＴ／５－ＨＩＡＡ比值降低。给药组与模型组比较差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５），而与６月龄组比较差异无显著性。结论 健忆液具有延缓衰老的作用，其抗衰老作用可能与改善大鼠下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴功能衰退和血液流变性有关。     

免疫应答期钩端螺旋体OmpL_(39)基因疫苗对豚鼠外周5-HT,DA、NE、5-HIAA的影响

本研究用含赖型强毒钩体单一蛋白ＯｍｐＬ３９的基因疫苗免疫豚鼠，观察ＯｍｐＬ３９的免疫保护力以及在免疫应答期影响体液免疫的单胺类神经递质５ＨＴ及其ＮＥ、ＤＡ、５ＨＩＡＡ的改变。结果表明，ＯｍｐＬ３９基因疫苗在豚鼠体内能产生较强的阳性抗体，对豚鼠有较强的免疫保护作用。同时发现ＯｍｐＬ３９疫苗在免疫应答期对５ＨＴ以及５ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ有明显影响，其中５ＨＴ、ＤＡ、ＮＥ明显降低，５ＨＩＡＡ明显升高，与空白对照组有显著差异（ｐ＜００５）。提示，ＯｍｐＬ３９疫苗在免疫应答期能刺激机体产生较强的体液免疫功能，对神经系统有明显的调节作用，在炎症的吸收和保护内脏各器官组织等方面起到了积极的作用。     

择时运动在帕金森病康复体疗中应用的实验研究

目的：通过研究择时运动对大脑中枢神经递质多巴胺（ＤＡ）和５－羟色（５－ＨＴ）量变的时间生物学效应，探索技进体育疗法促进的帕金森病患康复的科学性。方法：采用时间医学模拟飞行实验方法，以跑台跑和游泳的运动负荷形式，探索择时运动对大鼠脑中枢ＤＡ／５－ＨＴ比值的影响。结果：择时运动对ＤＡ／５－ＨＴ比值产了“运动性双相量变”作用。结论：应用择时体疗促进帕金森病患康复具有一定的科学性和可能性。     

草问荆总生物碱对大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质含量的影响

背景：从天然药物中寻求安全有效的镇静安定类药物是逐年增加的神经精神类疾病治疗的需要。前期实验发现草问荆总生物碱具有良好的镇静安定作用。 目的：分析草问荆总生物碱对中枢神经系统的抑制作用。 设计：以实验动物为观察对象的随机对照实验。 单位：哈尔滨商业大学药物研究所博士后科研工作站。材料：实验于2002-03／2003-01在黑龙江中医药大学药理研究室完成。实验药物为草问荆总生物碱；实验动物选用Wister大鼠24只。 方法：24只大鼠随机分为3组，分别为草问荆总生物碱组（60mg／kg）、利血平组（30mg／kg）、生理盐水组（同体积），腹腔一次性给药上述剂量药物后，采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测法及紫外线检测法测定大鼠脑内单胺类神经递质含量。主要观察指标：大鼠纹状体和脑边缘区单胺类递质去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺及其代谢产物3，4-二羟苯乙二醇、5-羟吲哚乙酸、高香草酸的含量。 结果：实验前和实验后动物数均为每组8只，无异常或死亡现象。草问荆总生物碱对大鼠纹状体的单胺类神经递质的含量具显著的降低作用，同时升高纹状体单胺递质中性及酸性代谢产物的含量。对大鼠前脑边缘区的单胺类递质具有显著的降低作用，同时显著升高边缘区单胺代谢物5-羟吲哚乙酸，高香草酸的含量，但对于3，4-二羟苯乙二醇的升高作用无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。 结论：草问荆总生物碱的镇静、安定作用与中枢的单胺类神经递质的含量下降有关。草问荆总生物碱具有与利血平相似的单胺排空作用，是草问荆总生物碱对中枢神经系统镇静安定作用的作用机制。     

银杏叶提取物预防应激性胃溃疡作用机制分析

目的：探讨银杏叶提取物对大鼠应激性胃溃疡发生的保护作用及其机制。方法：雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，随机分成对照组和ＥＧｂ处理组；以冷拘束法建立应激性溃疡模型，通过胃窦部埋置电极记录应激状态胃平滑肌自发电活动的变化，并测定血浆和胃粘膜组织丙二醛含量和胃粘膜的病理改变。结果：ＥＧｂ１０－４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ预处理可显著压抑应激所致的胃肌电活动紊乱及血浆和胃粘膜组织ＭＤＡ水平的异常升高，使胃粘膜溃疡指数明显降低，并     

血小板活化因子拮抗剂对急性出血坏死型胰腺炎大鼠内毒素血症的防治作用

目的：观察血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）拮抗剂对急性出血坏死型胰腺炎（ＡＨＮＰ）大鼠内毒素血症的防治作用。方法：１４０只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为３组：急性胰腺炎组（ＡＰ组）：采用去氧胆酸钠逆行胰管内注射法复制；治疗组（ＢＮ组）：制备模型后经腹腔注射ＰＡＦ特异性受体拮抗剂ＢＮ５２０２１（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）；假手术组（ＳＯ组）：开腹后仅轻轻翻动胰腺即关腹。结果：ＢＮ组与ＡＰ组比较，１小时后血清淀粉酶值明显下降〔（１４９７０±２５００）Ｕ／Ｌ，（１６１７０±２３８０）Ｕ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５〕，６小时和１２小时后更为明显（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；血中ＰＡＦ含量１小时后明显降低〔（２．２０±０．２５）μｇ／Ｌ与（１．１０±０．２１）μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５〕，３小时后更为明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血浆内毒素含量ＢＮ组比ＡＰ组明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＢＮ组术后大鼠平均存活时间为（４５．０±２５．１）小时，存活率为４０％；ＡＰ组术后大鼠在２４小时内全部死亡，平均存活时间为（１１．５±４．８）小时，存活率为０（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。结论：ＰＡＦ参与了ＡＨＮＰ的发病过程；应用ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂对实验性ＡＨＮＰ有良好的防治作用。     

氦氖激光对小鼠脑组织单胺递质的影响

单胺类递质参与机体多种功能活动的调节和某些病理生理过程，我们用反相－高效液相色谱－电化学检测方法，观察氦氖激光对小鼠脑组织单胺递质的影响。材料和方法昆明种健康雄性小鼠９０只，体重２０～２４ｇ，随机分为５组各１８只：正常对照组；假照射组；激光照射Ａ组；...     

一氧化氮在氯胺酮预处理对大鼠应激性溃疡保护中的作用

目的：观察氯胺酮预处理对大鼠急性胃黏膜病变（stress ulcer, SU）后一氧化氮（NO）的影响及胃黏膜溃疡指数（ulcer index，UI）的变化，探讨其可能的保护机制。方法：取健康雄性 Wistar 大鼠 40 只，随机分为5组，每组8只：正常对照组（N组），应激性溃疡组（S组），氯胺酮1、2、3组（K1、K2、K3组）。采用水浸束缚应激（WRS）方法制作 SU 模型，于应激 6h 后检测血浆、胃粘膜 NO 水平、UI、大体及光镜下胃粘膜损伤程度及组织学改变。结果：氯胺酮预处理组与 S 组比较胃粘膜损伤程度明显减轻，并且氯胺酮预处理组大鼠血浆、胃黏膜 NO 水平明显增加。结论：氯胺酮预处理对大鼠急性胃黏膜病变有保护作用，其机制可能与氯胺酮改变血浆、胃粘膜 NO 水平等因素有关     

Effects of gender on stress ulcer formation in rats

In the experimental stress literature, the results of investigations have not shown a specific sex-dependent vulnerability to stress ulceration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of sex differences on stress ulcer development. Related to gender, the contributing factors for stress ulcer production such as luminal acidity, sialic acid as an marker of gastric mucosal protection, oxygen (O2)-derived free radicals and endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms were also investigated. Fifty Wistar Albino rats weighing about 230 g and aged 7 or 8 months were divided equally into five groups: Group I normal male rats, group II castrated male rats, group III normal female rats in estrus phase, group IV normal female rats in diestrus phase and group V castrated female rats. Cold restraint model was used for 6 hours to produce stress ulcer. No statistically significant difference was found out between groups in view of gross and histopathologic damage. There was no significant difference between groups according to gastric luminal acidity, gastric mucosal sialic acid, gastric malonaldehyde (MDA) and catalase values. Gastric superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower in Group I in comparison to those of Group III and IV. Sex differences do not interfere stress ulcer formation. SOD activity in rat gastric tissue has varied significantly by hormonal milieu.     

慢性应激对大鼠脑脊液单胺类神经递质的影响

目的　探讨慢性应激对大鼠脑脊液单胺类神经递质的影响。方法　以束缚浸水应激方式连续应激 2 1d ,期间每日大鼠称重及进食量 ,3周后检测大鼠脑脊液单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物并进行定量分析。结果　应激组大鼠的体重、食量较对照组明显差异 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ;大鼠脑脊液中 5 HT、5 HIAA的含量应激组明显要低于对照组 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ,MHPG在应激组有降低 ,NA、DA及HVA在应激组均为升高 ,但均无显著差异 (P >0 . 0 5 )。结论　 5 - HT和 5- HIAA的含量明显下降 ,但其它慢性应激变化并不显著。     

生态营养保护重型颅脑伤大鼠胃黏膜的作用

目的观察生态营养对大鼠重型颅脑伤后胃溃疡指数（ulcerindex，UI）及胃黏膜血流量（gastric mucosal blood flow，GMBF）的影响。方法建立SD大鼠重型颅脑创伤模型，并随机分为正常对照组（C）、创伤对照组（I）、肠内营养组（enteral nutrition，EN）和生态营养组（econutrition，EC），创伤后喂养的第1、3、5天取胃黏膜标本，采用激光多普勒血流仪测定GMBF，计算UI。结果EN组与I组相比，创伤喂养第3、5天UI下降明显，GMBF显著升高（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；EC组与I组相比，3个时相点UI均明显下降，GMBF显著升高（P〈0．01）；EC组与EN组相比，创伤喂养第3、5天UI下降显著，GMBF显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论大鼠重型颅脑伤后给予生态营养可以增加胃黏膜血流量，降低胃黏膜溃疡指数，提示生态营养对重型颅脑创伤后急性胃黏膜损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Serotonin metabolism in chronic tension-type headache

Serotonergic neurons play a major role in the regulation of pain and may therefore also be involved in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache. Platelets are important in the regulation of the free serotonin level in plasma and may be a model of serotonergic neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate the peripheral serotonin (5HT) metabolism in patients with chronic tension-type headache. The 5HT levels in platelets and in plasma, the beta-thromboglobulin (ß-TG) levels in plasma, and the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were measured in 40 patients with chronic tension-type headache and in 40 healthy controls. The platelet uptake index was calculated as the ratio between platelet 5HT and plasma 5HT levels. There were, no significant differences in platelet 5HT, plasma 5HT ß-TG, or 5HIAA between patients and controls. The platelet uptake index was significantly lower in patients 243 (136–367) than in controls 352 (202–508), p =0.03. Our results indicate that the peripheral 5HT metabolism is largely normal in patients with chronic tension-type headache.     

Measurement of plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as a possible clinical surrogate marker for the action of antivascular agents.

BACKGROUND: Serotonin (5HT), a naturally occurring vasoactive substance, is released from platelets into plasma under various pathological conditions. Recently, anticancer drugs that act by selectively disrupting tumour blood flow have been found to increase plasma 5HT concentrations in mice. Two such antivascular agents, flavone acetic acid (FAA) and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), have completed Phase I clinical trial and raise the important question of whether suitable surrogate markers for antivascular effects can be identified. METHODS: 5HT is unstable to storage, precluding routine clinical assay, but the 5HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) accumulates in plasma following 5HT release and is a more suitable marker because of its greater stability. We have developed an automated procedure for the assay of the low concentrations of 5HIAA found in humans by combining solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Efficient separation of 5HIAA from possible interfering substances in human plasma, including a variety of pharmaceutical agents, was achieved on C18 columns using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) as an organic modifier. Adequate precision, accuracy and sensitivity were achieved by electrochemical detection (ECD) at +400 mV. Analysis of plasma from two patients treated with DMXAA in a Phase I trial demonstrated DMXAA-induced elevation of plasma 5HIAA with a time course similar to that previously described in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of changes in plasma 5HIAA provides a new approach to the monitoring of therapies with an antivascular effect. The assay is sensitive to dietary sources of 5HT, which should be minimised.     

立体定向手术对强迫症患者脑脊液5-羟色胺含量的影响

目的　探讨双侧多靶点立体定向手术对强迫症患者 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)代谢的影响。方法　双侧多靶点立体定向手术治疗强迫症患者 ,荧光分光光度法检测脑脊液 (CSF)中 5 HT及其代谢产物 5 羟基吲哚乙酸 (5 HIAA)。结果　强迫症患者CSF中 5 HT和 5 HIAA水平显著高于对照组 ,接受双侧多靶点立体定向手术治疗的患者 ,其CSF中 5 HT和 5 HIAA水平显著下降。结论　双侧多靶点立体定向手术可以有效纠正强迫症患者 5 HT的代谢紊乱     

脑出血致应激性溃疡大鼠模型的建立

目的：观察大鼠自体尾静脉血建立尾状核脑出血致应激性溃疡实验动物模型的作用和效果。方法：SD大鼠分为对照组和实验组各10只。用非精确定位穿刺法将实验组大鼠自体尾静脉血200μL注入右脑实质内，72h后处死，观察胃黏膜溃疡发生率，溃疡指数，血清内皮素，血清、脑、胃黏膜的丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），脑含水量，脑、胃黏膜光镜和电镜的病理变化及超微结构电脑图像定量分析。结果：实验组胃黏膜溃疡发生率为30％，溃疡指数为15，两组血清、脑、胃黏膜的MDA、SOD，脑神经元细胞、胃壁细胞超微结构电脑图像定量分析中的线粒体比表面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）．脑含水量及胃壁细胞线粒体体积密度差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血清内皮素差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。实验组脑、胃组织光镜可观察到组织坏死出血病灶，电镜见部分线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂。内质网稀疏或扩张。结论：200μL自体尾静脉血穿刺注入法可有效达到构建脑出血致应激性溃疡的目的．[著者文摘]     

电针足三里对应激大鼠血浆表皮生长因子和降钙素基因相关肽的影响

Inordertoinvestigatetheserumepidermalgrowthfactor（EGF）andcalcitoningene－relatedpeptide（CGRP）inprotectionofgastricmucosaandinvolvedmechanism，weobservedchangesinserumEGF，CGRPcontentandulcerindexinstressratsbeforeandafterelectroacupuncture．１MaterialandMethods１．１MaterialMaleadultratsweighing２００gto２５０g（providedbyAnimalExperimentalCenter，theFourthMilitaryMedicalUni－versity）wererandomlydividedinto３groups，controlgroup，stressgroup，andstressgroupafterelectroacupuncture…     

Serotonin metabolism in cluster headache

Despite some evidence of the involvement of the serotonergic system in cluster headache (CH) pathophysiology, the serotonin (5HT) metabolism has so far been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma and platelet levels of 5HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in CH patients in the active period of the disease. Nineteen CH sufferers and 17 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were studied. CH patients showed significantly higher plasma levels of 5HT and 5HIAA compared to controls (5HT: 5.7±6.1 ng/ml vs 0.2±0.2 ng/ml; p =0.02; 5HIAA: 34.7±46.1 ng/ml vs 0.6±0.7 ng/ml; p =0.004). In platelet 5HT levels were slightly reduced in CH patients in comparison with those of control subjects (662.4±522.3 ng/10⁻⁸ platelets vs 832.1±587.9 ng/10⁻⁸ platelets; n.s.) and 5HIAA levels resulted significantly lower in CH sufferers than in control subjects (3.2±2.6 ng/10⁻⁸ platelets vs 6.7±4.8 ng/10⁻⁸ platelets; p =0.04). Our data suggest that CH is characterized by an increase of plasma serotonergic metabolism that could reflect an involvement of the central serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of CH.