脑卒中患者周围神经与肌肉神经电生理特征分析

目的:通过神经传导及同心圆针肌电图检测探讨脑卒中患者周围神经、肌肉的神经电生理变化特征,为脑卒中后神经肌肉功能评估和预后判断提供依据。方法:对符合入选标准的41例脑卒中患者进行双侧正中、尺、桡、肌皮、腋、肩胛上、胫、腓神经运动传导及双正中、尺、桡、胫、腓神经感觉传导检测,双拇短展肌、伸指总肌、肱二头肌、三角肌、冈上肌、胫前肌、比目鱼肌行同心圆针肌电图检测。采用Brunnstrom分期评价肢体功能。分析健、患侧肢体神经及肌肉的神经电生理指标差异及其与肢体功能的相关性。结果:(1)运动神经传导:与健侧比较,偏瘫侧正中、尺、桡、腋、肩胛上、胫、腓神经复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)波幅均显著降低(P0.05),腓总神经末端潜伏期延长及腓骨小头-踝传导速度减慢(P0.05),其他各神经末端潜伏期均无明显差异;病程3—6个月患者正中、尺、桡神经运动传导异常率均高于其他病程组;(2)感觉神经传导:偏瘫侧桡、腓浅神经SNAP波幅较健侧降低,尺、桡神经传导速度较健侧减慢(P0.05),且有9例患者健侧正中神经感觉传导速度减慢;病程3—6个月患者正中神经和腓浅神经感觉传导异常率高于其他病程组;(3)同心圆针肌电图:不同病程均有一定比例脑卒中患者上下肢肌肉可见纤颤电位、正锐波等异常自发电位;肢体远端肌肉,如拇短展肌、伸指总肌在各个病程中出现自发电位的比例均较高;病程6个月以上者,三角肌的自发电位发生率增高,而比目鱼肌在各个病程的患者中自发电位的出现率均较高;无主动收缩功能肌肉自发电位出现率显著高于有主动收缩功能肌肉(P=0.000);(4)患者手Brunnstrom分期与尺神经偏瘫侧/健侧CMAP波幅比呈正相关(r=0.426,P0.05)。结论:脑卒中患者偏瘫侧运动神经轴索变性及脱髓鞘伴部分感觉神经脱髓鞘和轴索变性,且以病程3—6个月患者最为多见;同时手功能Brunnstrom分期与尺神经运动传导CMAP波幅具有相关性;偏瘫侧肢体肌肉失神经支配改变以肢体远端肌肉和无主动收缩功能肌肉为主。     

脑卒中恢复期正中神经电生理变化及其与功能的相关性研究

目的:观察脑卒中恢复期偏瘫上肢正中神经电生理变化及其与偏瘫侧肢体功能的相关性。方法:选取符合纳入标准的脑卒中恢复期患者30例,分别于T1(8～12周)、T2(16～20周)对其偏瘫侧和非偏瘫侧正中神经进行运动神经传导和感觉神经传导检查,以及双侧拇短展肌(APB)行同心圆针肌电图检查,采用Brunnstrom分期评估偏瘫侧手功能。分析脑卒中恢复期内不同时期正中神经电生理的差异及其与手功能Brunnstrom分期的相关性。结果:T1、T2正中神经偏瘫侧复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅和感觉神经电位(SNAP)波幅均较非偏瘫侧明显减低(P0.05),偏瘫侧T2拇短展肌的自发电位分级较T1显著减少(P0.05),偏瘫侧T2的手功能Brunnstrom分期较T1显著提高(P0.05),偏瘫侧T1、T2自发电位分级与手功能Brunnstrom分期均呈负相关(T1:rs=-0.616,P0.05;T2:rs=-0.781,P0.05)。结论:中枢神经损伤继发的周围神经损伤以神经轴索损害为主,脑卒中恢复期偏瘫侧自发电位分级与手功能Brunnstrom分期具有相关性。     

连枷臂综合征的临床及神经电生理特点分析

目的 探讨连枷臂综合征（FAS）的临床及神经电生理特点。 方法 选取13例诊断明确的FAS患者及31例由上肢起病的肌萎缩侧索硬化（UL-ALS）患者,收集上述患者临床查体及神经电生理数据,包括正中神经、尺神经、腋神经复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）波幅并计算分裂手比值SI值（SI值=正中神经CMAP波幅/尺神经CMAP波幅）。分析入选FAS患者临床特点及分裂手现象,并对比FAS及UL-ALS患者正中神经、尺神经、腋神经CMAP波幅。 结果 与UL-ALS患者比较,入选FAS患者发病年龄［(60.9±7.4)岁］偏大,症状进展至第二区域时间［（24±6）个月］较长;约15% FAS患者上肢腱反射消失,77%减弱,无反射活跃或亢进者,约54% FAS患者下肢反射活跃,38%减弱,上述肢体反射情况与UL-ALS患者组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。入选FAS患者正中神经、尺神经CMAP波幅、SI值与UL-ALS患者组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,两组SI值均<1。伴上运动神经元（UMN）体征的FAS患者SI值（0.41±0.26）较不伴UMN体征患者SI值（0.76±0.18）明显降低（P<0.05）。入选FAS患者尺神经CMAP波幅较大,正中神经次之,腋神经CMAP波幅较小（P<0.05）,而UL-ALS患者尺神经CMAP波幅较正中神经波幅明显增大（P<0.05）,但两者均与腋神经CMAP波幅无显著差异（P>0.05）。 结论 FAS是一种以上肢近端肌肉受累为主的运动神经元疾病,其病程相对缓慢,症状进展至第二区域时间超过1年（平均24个月）,患者上肢反射多减弱或消失,下肢反射活跃或减弱,具有UMN体征,且存在分裂手现象,具有UMN体征的FAS患者更易出现分裂手现象,肌电图检查显示腋神经CMAP波幅明显低平,上述特点有助于临床早期诊断FAS患者。     

H反射在脑卒中后上肢偏瘫患者中的特征表现及分析

目的:通过研究脑卒中后上肢偏瘫患者H反射的特征表现,及其与偏瘫肢体肌张力的关系,探讨H反射在脑卒中后上肢偏瘫患者神经电生理评定中的应用价值。方法:选择符合本研究入选标准的脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者42例。分别对患者双侧正中神经、尺神经、桡神经所支配的拇短展肌、小指展肌、指总伸肌进行H反射检查,并对患侧上肢给予改良Ashworth痉挛量表(MAS)评定,确定上述神经中哪些更容易引出H反射,并对其所引出的H反射结果及其与MAS的相关性进行比较和分析。结果:患者双侧正中神经、尺神经所支配的拇短展肌、小指展肌均较易引出H反射,引出率100%。桡神经所支配的指总伸肌不易(3例/42例,引出率7.14%)引出H反射。患侧正中神经和尺神经的H反射潜伏期分别为(25.89±3.66)ms、(25.71±3.26)ms;健侧正中神经和尺神经的H反射潜伏期分别为(26.60±3.11)ms、(26.44±2.87)ms。配对t检验分析,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);Hmax/Mmax比值均数用中位数表示,患侧正中神经和尺神经的Hmax/Mmax比值分别为0.185和0.217;健侧Hmax/Mmax比值分别为0.126和0.112,用Wilcoxon符号秩检验分析,患侧与健侧差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。用Kruskal-WallisH检验分析显示:患侧上肢正中神经、尺神经H反射潜伏期在MAS不同级别中没有差异,而Hmax/Mmax比值在MAS不同级别中有差异。Spearman秩相关检验结果显示:患侧上肢正中神经H反射潜伏期、Hmax/Mmax比值以及尺神经H反射潜伏期与MAS不相关;而患侧上肢尺神经Hmax/Mmax比值与MAS存在秩相关关系。结论:上肢H反射与MAS存在一定关系,其中Hmax/Mmax比值是评估下运动神经元兴奋性的较好指标,可以成为临床评价痉挛的客观神经电生理指标。     

肌内效贴对脑卒中患者肩关节半脱位后肩痛的疗效观察

目的:观察肌内效贴对脑卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节半脱位后肩痛的疗效。方法:56例脑卒中肩关节半脱位后肩痛患者,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组(各28例),两组患者均实施常规康复治疗及宣教,治疗组在此基础上结合肌内效贴干预。分别于治疗前和治疗6周后通过X线测量法测量肩峰与肱骨头间距(AHI)、肩关节视觉模拟评分(VAS)疼痛、Fugl-Meyer上肢功能评分、肩痛侧腋神经及肌皮神经的运动神经传导测定,对两组治疗结果进行疗效评价。结果:治疗前,两组患者AHI值、VAS评分、Fugl-Meyer上肢功能评分无明显差异(P0.05),且检测所有患者肩痛侧腋神经(刺激部位:Erb点;记录部位:三角肌)及肌皮神经(刺激部位:Erb点;记录部位:肱二头肌)后发现两组中某些患者肌皮神经(30例,53.57%)、腋神经(31例,55.36%)波幅明显低于正常值,而潜伏期轻度延长或正常(提示轴索损伤)。两组治疗6周后,治疗组各项评分改善优于对照组(P0.05)且无不良事件发生。结论:在常规康复治疗的基础上,肌内效贴在脑卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节半脱位后肩痛早期防治中,具有良好的疗效,其相应机制有待进一步研究。     

针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病的电生理变化

目的:观察针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病前后电生理指标变化,探讨针刀治疗神经根型颈椎病的可行性和有效性。方法:①选择2002-08/2004-03南京军区福州总医院痛症科就诊的神经根型颈椎病患者10例,男5例,女5例;年龄41～63岁。均对治疗方案及检测项目知情同意。②选4号或3号小针刀,按针刀疗法的四部进针法,刀口线避开神经、血管,针刀垂直于颈项部皮肤进针,用针刀松解棘间韧带和相应的肌肉、韧带筋膜、关节囊。先纵行切开或剥离,再横行剥离,如有结节需切开剥离。出针后压迫针孔片刻,使不出血为止。针刀松解后观察20min,若无晕针等不良反应时,对患者实施相应的术后推拿治疗。5d治疗1次,3次为1个疗程,一般治疗3个疗程。③应用意大利百胜公司生产的ESAOTE肌电图/诱发电位仪检测患者正中神经(感觉/运动神经)、尺神经(感觉/运动神经)、桡神经(感觉/运动神经)、肌皮神经(运动神经)、腋神经(运动神经)传导速度、潜伏期、诱发电位波幅。④计量资料差异比较采用t检验。结果:神经根型颈椎病患者10例均进入结果分析。①针刀治疗前后肌电图检测结果显示,10例患者中,共检查肌肉100块(治疗前后各检查50块)。治疗前50块肌肉肌电图检查均提示神经源损害。经针刀治疗后,肌电图均有不同程度的修复。②正中、尺、桡、腋、肌皮神经运动传导的潜伏期:治疗后明显短于治疗前(P<0.05);正中、尺、桡、腋、肌皮神经运动传导的诱发电位波幅:治疗后明显高于治疗前(P<0.05～0.01);正中、尺、桡神经传导速度:治疗后明显快于治疗前(P<0.05～0.01)。③正中、尺、桡、腋、肌皮神经感觉传导的潜伏期:治疗后明显短于治疗前(P<0.05～0.01);正中、尺、桡、腋、肌皮神经运动传导的诱发电位波幅和感觉传导速度:治疗后明显高于或快于治疗前(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:针刀治疗可改善神经根型颈椎病患者电生理检查结果,是一种可行的确实有效的方法。     

平山病的电生理研究

目的分析总结平山病神经电生理检查结果的特点,探讨电生理检查对平山病的诊断意义。 方法对18例临床确诊为平山病的患者（男16例,女2例;年龄19~58岁,平均24.9岁;病史1~40年,平均5.2年;10例为单侧发病,3例双侧发病,5例疑似双侧发病）进行神经电生理检测。所有病例均检测：患侧正中神经、尺神经的运动传导速度（MCV）和感觉传导速度（SCV）,以及小指展肌、拇短展肌、指总伸肌、肱桡肌、肱二头肌、胸锁乳突肌的肌电图;下肢一侧（与上肢患侧同侧）腓总神经MCV、SCV,以及胫前肌的肌电图。双侧或疑似双侧发病共8例患者检测对侧尺神经MCV、SCV,以及小指展肌、指总伸肌、肱桡肌肌电图。正中神经、尺神经MCV采用由远端至近端分段刺激,记录复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）,并判断是否存在神经传导阻滞。 结果①18例患者正中神经、尺神经检测均无神经传导阻滞表现。②18例患者正中神经、尺神经SCV及感觉神经动作电位（SNAP）均无异常。③上肢MCV减慢总阳性率为43.2％（19/44）,不同神经阳性率由高至低依次为：患侧尺神经72.2％（13/18）、患侧正中神经33.3％（6/18）、对侧尺神经0（0/8）。④上肢CMAP波幅降低总阳性率为81.8％（36/44）,不同神经阳性率由高至低依次为：患侧尺神经100.0％（18/18）、患侧正中神经77.8%（14/18）、对侧尺神经50.0％（4/8）。⑤18例患者腓总神经MCV、SCV及胫前肌的肌电图均无异常。⑥上肢肌电图检查：神经性损害表现总阳性率为47.0％（62/132）,不同检测肌肉神经性损害阳性率由高至低依次为：患侧小指展肌100.0％（18/18）、患侧拇短展肌100.0％（18/18）、患侧指总伸肌88.9％（16/18）、对侧小指展肌62.5％（5/8）、对侧指总伸肌37.5％（3/8）、患侧肱桡肌5.6％（1/18）、患侧肱二头肌5.6％（1/18）;对侧肱桡肌以及患侧胸锁乳突肌的肌电图均未检出神经性损害表现。 结论平山病神经电生理学特点为单侧上肢神经源性损害、或为单侧表现明显的双侧上肢神经源性损害;根据异常肌电图分布范围提示患侧C7~T1脊髓前角细胞损害,C6及C6以上节段少有累及。平山病的神经电生理学特点可为该病提供有助于定位诊断和鉴别诊断的依据。     

神经传导速度差异规律量化评估肌萎缩侧索硬化症

背景肌电图的神经传导速度异常是肌萎缩侧索硬化( amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)的诊断标准之一,可否以其变化差异规律来量化患者病情变化和评估预后? 目的研究肌萎缩侧索硬化 (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)患者中神经传导速度的改变,建立量化评定肌萎缩侧索硬化病情及其预后的神经生理指数. 设计回顾性分析. 地点和对象本研究的地点为北京大学第三医院神经科,研究对象为北京大学第三医院神经内科 1997-02/1999-03住院患者. 方法对 21名 ALS患者的 30条尺神经、 32条正中神经及 24名健康对照组的 38条尺神经、 40条正中神经进行运动传导速度 (motor conduction velocity, MCV)及感觉传导速度( sensory conduction velocity, SCV)和 F波进行检测.两组间数据进行统计学分析. 主要观察指标两组正中神经神经传导速度与 F波, ALS组患者小指展肌的肌力与 CMAP波幅 /DML× F出现率数值的相关性. 结果 ALS组正中神经、尺神经运动传导速度的远端潜伏期 (distal motor latency, DML)、肌肉动作电位( compound muscle action potential, CMAP)波幅及面积、 F波的出现率较对照组有显著性差异.而两组 MCV、 SCV、 F波的潜伏期差异无显著性. ALS组中 10名小指展肌的肌力与 CMAP波幅 /DML× F出现率的数值有显著的相关性 (r=0.89,P< 0.01). 结论 CMAP波幅 /DML× F波的出现率是一种有效的客观的电生理指数,可对 ALS病情及其预后进行量化评估.     

尺神经共同刺激影响腕管综合征正中神经远端潜伏期：避免误差的定量测定

目的研究尺神经-大鱼际复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)潜伏期正常值,以定量分析尺神经共同刺激所致腕管综合征(CTS)患者正中神经-大鱼际潜伏期的误差。 方法正常组112例,记录224侧正中神经-拇短展肌（APB）和224侧尺神经-大鱼际的CMAP潜伏期和波幅。另对其中10例20侧正中神经,分别记录以正中神经-APB最大波幅之刺激强度的30%、50%、70%、100%刺激时的CMAP潜伏期和波幅。其中4例分别予以120%、150%和200%的超强刺激,记录CMAP潜伏期和波幅。CTS组16例,记录到正中神经-APB的CMAP最大波幅后,继续增大刺激强度,记录尺神经共同刺激效应后的正中神经-大鱼际CMAP。 结果①正常组：尺神经-大鱼际远端潜伏期为（3.17±0.25）ms,波幅为（6.60±1.07）mV;正中神经-APB远端潜伏期为(3.45±0.31)ms,波幅为(6.47±1.08)mV。当正中神经刺激强度从引出最大CMAP波幅之强度的30%、50%、70%增加至100%,正中神经远端潜伏期相应缩短0.1~0.3ms;达到最大波幅后继续增加刺激强度至120%、150%和200%的超强刺激,则潜伏期不再继续缩短。②CTS组：尺神经共同刺激所引起的正中神经-大鱼际CMAP潜伏期缩短范围为0.5~8.7ms,导致正中神经-APB的错误潜伏期范围为(2.9~4.1)ms。 结论CTS患者正中神经检测时,若正中神经-APB CMAP潜伏期随刺激强度增大而缩短超过0.3ms,并且达到2.9~4.1ms的范围,则提示可能发生了尺神经共同刺激。     

双侧正中神经、尺神经多节段运动神经传导各参数正常值的建立

目的：建立双侧正中神经、尺神经多节段运动神经传导速度（MCV）、潜伏期(LAT)和波幅(AMP)的正常值。方法：200例健康志愿者,男100例,女100例,分别按年龄分成5组,正中神经记录点在拇短展肌,刺激点分别为掌点、腕点、肘点、腋点、Erb点;尺神经记录点在小指展肌,刺激点分别为腕点、肘下点、肘上点、腋点、Erb点,记录各段MCV、LAT、AMP值。结果：正中神经、尺神经多节段MCV 、LAT、AMP与性别、侧别无相关性;年龄与正中神经各段MCV、LAT、AMP及尺神经AMP有关。 结论：双侧正中神经、尺神经多节段运动神经传导的准确检测对临床疾病诊断有重要价值。     

Electrodiagnostic localization of traumatic upper trunk brachial plexopathy

Eighteen patients having traumatic upper trunk brachial plexopathy ("the stinger"), a common football injury, were investigated electrodiagnostically. Proximal nerve conduction was determined by stimulating the supraclavicular fossa and at the C5 root and recording from muscles supplied by the long thoracic, suprascapular, musculocutaneous, axillary, lateral pectoral and thoracodorsal nerves. The accessory nerve was stimulated in the lateral posterior triangle and the evoked potential recorded from the upper trapezius muscle. Median and ulnar nerves were also tested, sensory and motor fibers being stimulated peripherally and proximally. Conduction slowing was observed in 16 patients mainly in the proximal segments of the axillary, musculocutaneous, suprascapular and accessory nerves. The most commonly observed electromyographic abnormalities were an increase in polyphasic waves and decreased recruitment. Spontaneous activity was sparse. These abnormalities appear to result most likely from compression of the most superficially located fibers of the brachial plexus at Erb's point. As a significant etiologic factor, the impact of ill-fitting shoulder pads against the neck during a football tackle is suggested. This empirical observation was supported by the decrease of "stingers" after the improvement of the shoulder gear.     

Arthrographic and clinical findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain

OBJECTIVES: To identify the etiology of hemiplegic shoulder pain by arthrographic and clinical examinations and to determine the correlation between arthrographic measurements and clinical findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Medical center of a 1582-bed teaching institution in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain within a 1-year period after first stroke were recruited. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical examinations included Brunnstrom stage, muscle spasticity distribution, presence or absence of subluxation and shoulder-hand syndrome, and passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint. Arthrographic measurements included shoulder joint volume and capsular morphology. RESULTS: Most patients had onset of hemiplegic shoulder pain less than 2 months after stroke. Adhesive capsulitis was the main cause of shoulder pain, with 50% of patients having adhesive capsulitis, 44% having shoulder subluxation, 22% having rotator cuff tears, and 16% having shoulder-hand syndrome. Patients with adhesive capsulitis showed significant restriction of passive shoulder external rotation and abduction and a higher incidence of shoulder-hand syndrome (P=.017). Those with irregular capsular margins had significantly longer shoulder pain duration and more restricted passive shoulder flexion (P=.017) and abduction (P=.020). Patients with shoulder subluxation had significantly larger PROM (flexion, P=.007; external rotation, P<.001; abduction, P=.001; internal rotation, P=.027), lower muscle tone (P=.001), and lower Brunnstrom stages of the proximal upper extremity (P=.025) and of the distal upper extremity (P=.001). Muscle spasticity of the upper extremity was slightly negatively correlated with shoulder PROM. Shoulder joint volume was moderately positively correlated with shoulder PROM. CONCLUSIONS: After investigating the hemiplegic shoulder joint through clinical and arthrographic examinations, we found that the causes of hemiplegic shoulder pain are complicated. Adhesive capsulitis was the leading cause of shoulder pain, followed by shoulder subluxation. Greater PROM of the shoulder joint, associated with larger joint volume, decreased the occurrence of adhesive capsulitis. Proper physical therapy and cautious handling of stroke patients to preserve shoulder mobility and function during early rehabilitation are important for a good outcome.     

脑卒中恢复期软瘫患者上肢周围神经损伤与运动功能的相关性

目的 通过神经电生理检查,评估脑卒中恢复期软瘫患者上肢周围神经损伤发生率,探讨上肢周围神经损伤与上肢运动功能之间的相关性,指导临床治疗及康复。方法 2015年12月至2019年10月,符合条件的脑卒中患者77例患侧上肢行运动神经传导、F波、皮肤交感反应(SSR)、针极肌电图(EMG)检查,采用简式Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)进行评定。根据神经传导结果分为正常组和损伤组。结果 损伤组共41例(53.25%)。损伤组FMA-UE评分低于正常组(t = 2.193, P < 0.05);F波振幅和出现率降低( t > 2.002, P < 0.05),SSR振幅和潜伏期明显下降( t > 3.140, P < 0.01),但损伤组F波出现率、SSR潜伏期均处正常参考值范围内。神经损伤数与FMA-UE评分负相关( r= -0.858, P < 0.001);线性回归分析显示,尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经振幅是FMA-UE评分的影响因素(B > 0.317, P < 0.05)。 结论 脑卒中恢复期患者患侧上肢出现软瘫后,有可能出现上肢周围神经损伤,且与运动功能恢复有关;应尽量避免、及时治疗周围神经损伤。     

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in hemiplegia

There is a high incidence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper limbs in patients with hemiplegia, and its painful and functional consequences present a problem to specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This study was designed to assess the role of several factors in the occurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in patients with hemiplegia. Ninety-five consecutive stroke patients (63 male and 32 female, mean age 59+/-12 years) admitted to our hospital were evaluated. Of the study group, 29 patients (30.5%) were found to develop reflex sympathetic dystrophy. There were no significant differences between the hemiplegic patient groups with or without reflex sympathetic dystrophy regarding age, gender, etiology, side of involvement, disease duration and the presence of comorbidities. The recovery stages of hemiplegia, as shown by Brunnstrom functional classification, were significantly different between the two groups; patients in lower recovery stages tended to develop reflex sympathetic dystrophy more frequently (P<0.01). Additionally, the presence of flaccidity was also a significant factor in the development of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Glenohumeral subluxation was present in 37 patients (38.9%) in our study group and the presence of this complication was related to the occurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The presence of glenohumeral subluxation was significantly higher in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (21/29, 72.4%) when compared to the patients without reflex sympathetic dystrophy (16/66, 24.2%) (P<0.001). Also, hemiplegic patients with more severe shoulder subluxation were significantly more likely to develop reflex sympathetic dystrophy. These results suggest that lower recovery stages, reduced tonus and glenohumeral subluxation significantly contribute to the occurrence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the hemiplegic patient. We believe that preventive and treatment measures should consider these factors as they seem to have in common a higher risk of traumatizing the paralyzed upper limb and causing reflex sympathetic dystrophy.     

正中神经SEP与偏瘫手功能相关研究

目的通过检测偏瘫患者正中神经体感诱发电位(SEP),并评估患侧手Brunnstrom分级,观察正中神经SEP作为评测偏瘫手功能客观指标的可靠性,为临床判断偏瘫手功能提供客观依据.方法27例住院偏瘫患者,测定双侧正中神经SEP,根椐Kovindha标准将正中神经SEPN20进行分级.按Brunnstrom分级对偏瘫手进行评定.将患侧正中神经SEPN20分级与患侧手Brunnstrom分级进行Spearman等级相关分析.结果正中神经SEP等级分级与手Brunnstrom评定分级呈正相关,相关系数r＝0.6295,P＜0.01有相关性意义.结论正中神经SEP可以作为临床判定手功能的一个敏感的电生理指标.SEP为偏瘫手功能的评定及康复治疗提供了有价值的依椐.     

Standardized nerve conduction studies in the upper limb of the healthy elderly.

Nerve conduction studies are increasingly being performed on elderly individuals; however, no standardized data for the elderly population exists to provide an accurate interpretation of electrodiagnostic findings. The purpose of this study was to provide standardized data in the healthy elderly for the nerves of the upper limb that are routinely chosen for study by electromyographers. Nerve conduction studies were performed prospectively in one upper limb of 155 carefully screened healthy elderly individuals between the ages of 60 and 95 years. Upper limb temperature was controlled to limit the influence of temperature on the measured conduction parameters. Standard nerve conduction techniques using constant measured distances were applied to evaluate the median, ulnar and radial nerves. A normative electrodiagnostic database for elderly individuals was established in this study. The mean nerve conduction parameters of this healthy elderly population compared favorably with existing literature values for younger populations. However, age had a statistically significant but low strength effect on all ulnar nerve conduction velocities and distal latencies as well as the distal sensory amplitudes of all three nerves. Gender had a greater effect than age on these parameters as well as on median sensory distal latency. Other median motor and sensory conduction parameters along with radial sensory distal latency were not significantly related to age or gender based on two-way analysis of variance.     

正常人周围神经传导速度40例分析

目的:研究健康成人周围神经运动传导速度(motor-nerveconductionve-locity,MCV)和感觉传导速度(sensory-nerveconductionvelocity,SCV)的正常值,为诊断周围神经疾病提供依据。方法:健康志愿者40例,年龄22～53岁,男女各20例。分别检测双侧正中神经、尺神经、胫神经及腓神经MCV和双侧正中神经、尺神经及胫神经SCV。分析指标包括潜伏期、波幅及神经传导速度(nerveconductionvelocity,NCV)。结果:NCV在正常人男女之间、左右侧肢体之间的差异在统计学上无显著性意义(P>0.05),并且随着年龄的增加而逐渐减慢。结论:NCV检测是周围神经病的重要诊断技术之一,而正常值的确定是临床诊断的前提。不同年龄组应采用各自的正常值。     

Quantification of Upper Limb Motion During Gait in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

Movements of the lower limbs during gait have been widely investigated using gait analysis, while data on upper limb movements are scanty. The aim of the present study was to quantify upper limb motion during gait in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Gait of 13 children with hemiplegic CP was acquired using a full-body marker set to obtain the arm kinematics. Our results demonstrated that movement of the plegic arm was characterized by an abducted intra-rotated shoulder and a more flexed elbow position with reduced range of motion during the entire gait cycle compared to controls. The controlateral non-plegic side also showed abnormalities, in particular at the shoulder joint, which was abducted at the beginning of gait cycle. These data showed that gait of children with hemiplegic CP is generally characterized by abnormal upper limb position not only on the plegic side but also on the non-plegic side.