直径小于4cm少脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声诊断价值

目的旨在提高超声对直径小于4cm少脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（RAML）的诊断准确性。方法分析12例（13个病灶）直径小于4em少脂肪RAML的声像图特点。结果13个病灶边界锐利清晰,与肾实质交界线平直,密集均匀高回声3个,中等回声6个,均匀低回声3个,高低回声相间的混合性回声1个。6个病灶能探及血流信号,其中3个见星点状及短线状血流,3个血流丰富,呈条索状分布;6个病灶均以静脉血流频谱为主,2个病灶可探及动脉样血流频谱,为低速低阻血流信号。术前超声诊断RAML9个病灶,超声诊断准确率为69．2％。结论超声检查对少脂肪RAML的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

肝内脂肪瘤和血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨肝内脂肪瘤和血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI表现及其相应病理组织学基础。方法 收集经手术病理证实的肝内脂肪瘤和血管平滑肌脂肪瘤各3例和5例。其中7例作平扫和动、门双期螺旋CT增强扫描，1例只作平扫和平衡期增强CT扫描，2例同时加作MRI平扫和动态增强扫描。影像表现与病理组织学所见进行对照研究。结果 3例肝脂肪瘤CT平扫低密度，CT值-79～-92HU，边界清楚，密度均匀，增强扫描无明显强化。其中1例作MRI扫描，表现为T1、T2均呈均匀高信号；T1脂肪抑制呈低信号。光镜见肿瘤由丰富的脂肪组成。5例肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤中，4例为单发肝内瘤灶，1例为肝内多发并双肾病灶。肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT平扫，表现为病灶存在不同程度的脂肪密度和低于肝组织密度的软组织区域，CT值由-83～ 41HU；动、门双期CT扫描，病灶非脂肪密度部分明显强化，高于周围肝组织，延迟期则等于或低于肝实质密度，其中2例见动脉期病灶周围肝静脉“早显”。脂肪密度区域则无明显强化。1例同时作MRI扫描，对应CT脂肪密度部分表现为T1、T2不均匀高信号，用脂肪抑制序列扫描T1高信号变为低信号。光镜见肿瘤由丰富的脂肪、血管和不同程度的平滑肌组织组成。结论 肝脂肪瘤和血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT、MRI表现具明显特征性，CT、MRI平扫及动态增强扫描能在术前对其作出准确诊断。     

四肢侵袭性纤维瘤病的MRI表现

目的探讨四肢侵袭性纤维瘤病（AF）的磁共振成像（MRI）表现。方法回顾分析11例经手术病理证实的四肢AF的MRI表现,其中7例加做增强扫描。结果肿瘤在T1WI呈等信号11例;脂肪抑制FSET2WI高信号10例,1例为混杂信号;7例静脉注射GdDTPA后脂肪抑制SE T1WI明显强化。10例在所有序列均见到低信号带。8例边界不清,1例部分边界清楚,2例边界清楚,并可见完整的包膜。3例侵犯相邻骨质,其中1例累及髓腔;3例侵犯皮下脂肪。所有病变均未见坏死出血和囊变,瘤周未见水肿。结论四肢AF有不同于其他身体部位AF的MRI特征,MRI对四肢AF的诊断、术前规划和术后监测有重要意义。     

乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的超声诊断

目的 报导5例原发乳腺淋巴瘤（PLB）超声表现以提高认识。方法 复习5例经手术病理证实的原发乳腺淋巴瘤的超声表现。结果 5例均为原发非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤。超声均表现为单发低回声不规则结节,与乳腺癌表现相仿,但未发现有钙化。3例伴后方回声增高。结论 超声检查难以鉴别原发淋巴瘤与乳腺癌,对于乳腺癌内孤立不规则结节且伴后方回声增高时,原发淋巴瘤应在鉴别诊断之列。     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤的声像图特征分析

目的 探讨超声对胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤(SPTP)的诊断价值.方法 分析20例SPTP的超声和病理特点.结果 20例女性SPTP患者,肿瘤均为单发,直径1.5～25.0 cm,平均7.9 cm;肿瘤位于胰头10例,体尾部6例,尾部3例,占据胰腺大部分1例;15例肿瘤包膜完整,边界清晰,5例肿瘤边界不清晰;11例呈实性类圆形较均匀弱回声,9例呈囊实混合性回声,其中6例以实性结构为主,3例以囊性结构为主;不伴有胆管及胰管扩张.7例肿瘤为恶性,3例肿瘤发生侵袭性生长或肝转移.结论 总结SPTP超声特征和了解病理结构有助于提高其诊断水平.     

Hepatic angiomyolipoma

The imaging and pathological appearances of a hepatic angiomyolipoma are presented. On ultrasound (US), the mass was well-defined and echogenic. On computed tomography (CT), the lesion appeared of soft tissue density with peripheral foci of lower density. The case illustrates the difficulty of detecting the fatty content of a tumor by CT when the fatty content represents only a small portion of the lesion. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and needle biopsy did not yield diagnostic material, and the tumor was resected.An invited commentary on this article follows on pp. 552–553.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声诊断分析

目的探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的超声诊断。方法对20例经B超和CT检查,最后经手术病理证实的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤进行回顾,分析肿瘤内血管、平滑肌及脂肪的含量对超声声像图的影响及肿瘤内的血流分布情况。结果肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的声像图表现取决于血管、平滑肌及脂肪三种成份的比例。当瘤体以脂肪成份为主时,超声表现为强回声;当瘤体内脂肪及平滑肌均较多时,超声表现为中强回声;当瘤体以血管和平滑肌为主时,超声表现为低回声。CDFI:肿瘤内血流信号少,PW测及其动脉血流为低速高阻型。结论对于典型病例,二维超声即有较好的诊断价值;对于不典型病例,需结合彩色多普勒及CT增强扫描进行综合分析,并鉴别诊断。     

CT and MRI findings of multifocal hepatic steatosis mimicking malignancy

We present two rare cases of multifocal hepatic steatosis as a variant of fatty liver. Multifocal hepatic steatosis can cause misleading findings in the differential diagnosis when using ultrasound and computed tomography. This case report describes the atypical findings of focal fatty liver infiltrations, which were misdiagnosed as diffuse metastatic disease. The correct diagnosis was established with magnetic resonance imaging using T1-weighted gradient-echo and T2-weighted Turbo spin-echo sequences with spectral fat suppression. Multifocal hepatic steatosis was proven by biopsy. Received: 28 December 2001/Accepted: 30 January 2002     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HAML)的CT特征及诊断价值,提高对其诊断的准确率.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实HAML的各期CT表现,其中8例动脉期、门脉期加做薄层CT扫描,5例加做MRP、MIP、VR等后处理技术.结果 12例中女性10例,右肝7例,左肝5例,其中2例呈外生性.CT平扫12个病灶皆为低密...     

MR imaging of malignant mesenchymal tumors of the liver

Magnetic resonance (MR) features of five primary malignant mesenchymal neoplasms (plasmocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma) of the liver were reported. All tumors were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. No halo and intravenous extension were noted. A target appearance was revealed in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. MR findings of angiosarcoma were essentially the same as those of cavernous hemangiomas (markedly hyperintense with hypointense linear septa on T2-weighted images). MR findings of these rare hepatic malignancies were nonspecific, although they were quite different from those of typical hepatocellular carcinomas. This study suggested that MR differentiation of primary hepatic mesenchymal tumors from other common benign and malignant neoplasms was difficult; however, the number of studied cases was limited.