不同性别健康人群腰部深层多裂肌肌电差异的研究

目的:采用表面肌电(sEMG)分析系统结合丝电极探讨健康人群腰部深层多裂肌活动的EMG信号特征,分析不同性别健康人群多裂肌功能状态差异。方法:31例健康受试者(15男,16女)采用针头导入0.16mm钢丝电极线至L4水平深层多裂肌后完成改良BST动作,采集多裂肌最大随意收缩时的EMG信号,比较不同性别健康受试者平均肌电值(AEMG)、均方根值(RMS)、中位频率(MF)、平均功率频率(MPF)和非线性指标LZ复杂度的差异性。结果:不同性别健康人群腰部深层多裂肌电信号时域指标差异有显著性意义,男性多裂肌AEMG、RMS明显大于女性(P0.05);两组间频域指标MF、MPF、MFs、MPFs差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。男性和女性中,双侧多裂肌电活动无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:采用sEMG系统结合丝电极能够可靠、灵敏地检测出腰部深层多裂肌的肌电活动,这是一种针对性地评估深层肌肉功能活动的有效方法,具有较好的临床应用价值;同时不同性别健康人群深层多裂肌EMG的差异性为设置多裂肌正常肌电值提供了一定参考价值。     

慢性腰痛患者腰部深层多裂肌超声形态特征分析

目的 采用肌骨超声观察慢性腰痛（cLBP）患者腰部深层多裂肌静息及收缩时形态结构特征变化,并分析疼痛强度、持续时间与多裂肌形态特征间的相关性。 方法 采用肌骨超声对21例cLBP患者（纳入腰痛组）及30例健康体检者（纳入健康对照组）进行腰部深层多裂肌形态学测量,观察指标包括多裂肌静息时厚度、横截面积及最大随意收缩时肌肉厚度变化,并分析多裂肌形态学指标与行为学数据间的相关性。 结果 入选cLBP患者腰部深层多裂肌静息状态下厚度［(1.68±0.21)cm］及横截面积［(2.91±0.74)cm2］均明显不及健康对照组水平（P＜0.01）;多裂肌在最大等长收缩时厚度［(2.20±0.34)cm］也明显不及健康对照组水平（P＜0.01）。此外入选cLBP患者多裂肌静息时厚度与疼痛持续时间呈负相关（r=-0.49,P＜0.05）,与疼痛强度视觉模拟评分（VAS）无明显相关性（r=0.09,P＞0.05）。 结论 cLBP患者腰部深层多裂肌发生萎缩,自主收缩能力下降,故临床制订康复方案时应强化腰部多裂肌力量及协调功能训练。     

帕金森病患者前臂肌群负重前后表面肌电特征

目的探讨负重前后帕金森病患者前臂表面肌电(sEMG)的变化特征。方法26 例帕金森病患者和28 例正常对照参加本研究。于坐位上肢屈肘无负重或负重1.5 kg 静态负荷下采用表面电极引导,记录sEMG信号,并进行线性时、频分析。结果无负重时,帕金森病患者屈腕屈肌的中位频率(MF)和平均功率频率(MPF)均大于正常对照(P<0.05),两组平均肌电值(AEMG)相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);负重1.5 kg 时,帕金森病患者AEMG显著小于正常对照(P<0.001),两组MF和MPF相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。帕金森病患者无负重时MF和MPF均显著大于负重时(P<0.001),AEMG显著小于负重时(P<0.001);而正常对照MF和MPF在负重前后均无显著性差异(P>0.05),只有无负重时AEMG显著小于负重时(P<0.001)。结论帕金森病患者静止性震颤在sEMG上主要表现为频域参数的变化,而肢体乏力主要表现为时域参数的变化。     

慢性腰痛患者深层多裂肌非线性肌电信号的特征分析

目的 采用非线性动力学方法提取慢性腰痛（cLBP）患者与健康对照者深度多裂肌不同状态下肌电图(EMG)信号中所蕴含的非线性动力学信息，比较二者的非线性指标Lempel-Ziv（LZ）复杂度的变化特点。 方法 选取符合标准的cLBP患者25例设为cLBP组，另选取性别、年龄、教育程度等相匹配的正常受试者28例设为正常组。采用sEMG结合丝电极记录2组受试者腰部L4深层多裂肌EMG信号，分析静息状态、最大肌力、耐力收缩、持续收缩后放松等4种不同状态下多裂肌电非线性特征LZ复杂度的差异，并比较cLBP组腰部痛侧与非痛侧多裂肌LZ复杂度的差异性。采用Pearson相关分析cLBP组的疼痛持续时间、疼痛强度和功能障碍指数与LZ复杂度的相关性。 结果 cLBP组患者的VAS评分平均为（4.00±1.04）分，持续疼痛时间平均为（5.96±4.69）年，ODI指数平均为（17.12±10.49）。cLBP组患者肌电信号采集各时间点（进针时、退针后、肌肉收缩时和动作终止时）的VAS评分均显著高于正常组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。cLBP组在肌力测试、耐力测试和持续收缩后放松的深层多裂肌LZ复杂度与正常组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。2组受试者肌力测试、耐力测试和持续收缩后放松的深层多裂肌LZ复杂度与组内静息状态比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；2组受试者持续收缩后放松的深层多裂肌LZ复杂度与组内肌力测试和耐力测试时比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。cLBP组疼痛持续时间与其深层多裂肌最大等长收缩（肌力测试时和耐力测试时）的LZ复杂度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）。 结论 持续的疼痛刺激会影响大脑对深层多裂肌的协调控制，进而导致中枢对核心稳定肌肉的控制能力下降，提示中枢参与核心稳定肌调控障碍可能是cLBP病因机制的关键因素。     

脑卒中患者桥式运动下竖脊肌与多裂肌表面肌电图信号特征研究

目的:观察脑卒中患者桥式运动下竖脊肌与多裂肌表面肌电(s EMG)信号变化特征,为桥式运动的临床应用提供电生理理论基础。方法:选取20例健康同龄成年人(正常组)与20例脑卒中偏瘫患者(患者组),对两组受试者行桥式运动时的竖脊肌与多裂肌s EMG信号参数进行比较分析。结果:1正常组双侧竖脊肌、多裂肌配对比较,时域指标平均肌电值(AEMG)、频域指标中位频率值(MF)均无显著性差异(P0.05);患者组竖脊肌患侧AEMG值大于健侧、患侧MF值均小于健侧,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);患者组双侧多裂肌AEMG值、MF值组内配对比较,差异无显著性意义。2两组受试者同侧竖脊肌与多裂肌AEMG值的比值差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:桥式运动可作为脑卒中患者躯干肌训练的一种方法,但须注意训练时双侧竖脊肌的均衡性。     

慢性非特异性下背痛患者悬吊运动疗法治疗后表面肌电信号的变化

摘要 目的：研究慢性非特异性下背痛患者（CNLBP）悬吊运动疗法治疗前后竖脊肌、多裂肌的表面肌电信号的变化特征。 方法：15例CNLBP患者,给予患者每周3次,持续4周的悬吊运动疗法（SET）治疗,分别在治疗前后采集患者在做半桥动作时痛侧竖脊肌和多裂肌的肌电信号,取时域指标：平均肌电值（AEMG）及频域指标：平均功率频率（MPF）、中位频率（MF）,进行统计学比较。 结果：治疗后竖脊肌、多裂肌痛侧频域指标MF、MPF较治疗前下降(治疗前MF 74.95±6.85、MPF 98.10±5.45,治疗后MF 62.90±4.02、MPF 83.89±3.84);痛侧时域指标AEMG较治疗前增高(治疗前AEMG 48.76±5.08,治疗后AEMG 86.27±9.43),差异有显著性意义（P<0.05）。 结论：SET治疗后,CNLBP患者痛侧竖脊肌、多裂肌的疲劳程度下降,收缩能力增强。     

应用表面肌电图评定乒乓球运动员的上肢肌疲劳

目的:对北京市优秀乒乓球运动员进行提拉弧圈球训练时握拍上肢主要做功肌肉表面肌电(surfaceelectromyography,sEMG)信号进行分析,利用时、频域指标的变化来评价上肢肌疲劳情况。方法:北京市乒乓球队7名男性运动员,进行乒乓球训练的主要内容为提拉弧圈球训练,采集准备活动后训练开始与训练结束前各20min的握拍上肢:肱三头肌、肱二头肌、肱桡肌、三角肌、腕屈肌和腕伸肌肌电信号,利用Megawin软件进行平均功率频率(meanpowerfrequency,MPF),中位频率(medianfrequency,MF),均方根振幅(root-mean-square,RMS)的分析,两个实验测试阶段的频域和时域值的差异性利用t检验进行统计处理。结果:第2阶段所测六块肌肉的MPF,MF均比第1阶段的明显降低(P<0.001),具有非常显著性差异;第2阶段与第1阶段的RMS值相比,所测肌肉的RMS值变化趋势不稳定。结论:频域指标MPF,MF可较敏感地反映乒乓球训练上肢肌肉功能状况,可作为评价肌肉动态负荷水平的生理学指标。     

表面肌电图的信度研究

目的：探讨表面肌电图参数的变异性,为拓展表面肌电图的临床应用建立可靠的依据.方法：健康受试者进行伸膝等长收缩,以及10m自由步行的动态运动,分别记录下肢相关肌群表面肌电,考察各参数的变异系数.结果：对于静态收缩,即使分析时宽短至1s,除了AEMG以外,各参数的变异系数均＜0.100.对于动态的步行运动,取1s的分析时宽,MF、MPF的平均变异系数近于0.100,ZCR、AEMG的平均变异系数在0.150左右.结论：无论静态收缩,还是动态收缩,表面肌电图的基本参数MF、MPF、ZCR、AEMG稳定可靠,变异系数一般不大于0.100-0.150.频域指标较时域指标的信度更高.     

应用表面肌电图评定优秀竞走运动员20 km训练中的肌疲劳

目的通过动态肌电分析方法对20 km定量负荷竞走运动员疲劳过程中肌肉的功能状态变化做出评价,找出该运动员的定量负荷疲劳阈值.方法北京田径队竞走运动员20 km定量负荷竞走训练,取全程的表面肌电图信号用Megawin软件进行时、频域分析.对主要做功肌肉股外侧肌和胫骨前肌的表面肌电图(surface electromyography,sEMG)信号进行全程动态分析,计算平均功率频率(mean power frequency,MPF)和平均振幅(average electromyography,AEMG)的变化.结果竞走开始时肌肉放电节奏非常有规律,竞走结束前股外侧肌与胫骨前肌的肌电活动振幅较竞走开始时明显增高;竞走至15 km时出现AEMG增高,MPF下降;频域指标MPF与竞走距离呈明显负相关(r=-0.758,P＜0.001).结论sEMG的AEMG和MPF能反映运动员20 km竞走的肌肉功能状况;定量负荷20 km竞走运动过程中,该运动员在15 km时开始出现肌肉的疲劳.     

应用表面肌电图评定乒乓球运动员的上肢肌疲劳

目的：对北京市优秀乒乓球运动员进行提拉弧圈球训练时握拍上肢主要做功肌肉表面肌电(surface electromyography，sEMG)信号进行分析，利用时、频域指标的变化来评价上肢肌疲劳情况。方法：北京市乒乓球队7名男性运动员，进行乒乓球训练的主要内容为提拉弧圈球训练，采集准备活动后训练开始与训练结束前各20min的握拍上肢：肱三头肌、肱二头肌、肱桡肌、三角肌、腕屈肌和腕伸肌肌电信号，利用Megawin软件进行平均功率频率(mean power frequency，MPF)，中位频率(median frequency，MF)．均方根振幅(root—mean—square，RMS)的分析，两个实验测试阶段的频域和时域值的差异性利用t检验进行统计处理。结果：第2阶段所测六块肌肉的MPF，MF均比第1阶段的明显降低(P&;lt;0．001)，具有非常显著性差异；第2阶段与第1阶段的RMS值相比，所测肌肉的RMS值变化趋势不稳定。结论：频域指标MPF，MF可较敏感地反映乒乓球训练上肢肌肉功能状况，可作为评价肌肉动态负荷水平的生理学指标。     

悬吊训练对慢性腰痛患者运动皮质区神经网络的影响

目的:研究悬吊训练对慢性腰痛(chronic low back pain,cLBP)患者运动皮质区神经网络的影响.方法:招募20例cLBP患者和与之年龄等特征相匹配的10例健康对照者,对cLBP患者进行2周悬吊训练干预.使用经颅磁刺激技术记录干预前后cLBP患者和健康对照组多裂肌的运动诱发电位,经过数据处理绘制脑部地形...     

Motor Training of the Lumbar Paraspinal Muscles Induces Immediate Changes in Motor Coordination in Patients With Recurrent Low Back Pain

Recurrent low back pain (LBP) is associated with altered motor coordination of the lumbar paraspinal muscles. Whether these changes can be modified with motor training remains unclear. Twenty volunteers with unilateral LBP were randomly assigned to cognitively activate the lumbar multifidus independently from other back muscles (skilled training) or to activate all paraspinal muscles with no attention to any specific muscles (extension training). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of deep (DM) and superficial multifidus (SM) muscles were recorded bilaterally using intramuscular fine-wire electrodes and that of superficial abdominal and back muscles using surface electrodes. Motor coordination was assessed before and immediately after training as onsets of trunk muscle EMG during rapid arm movements, and as EMG amplitude at the mid-point of slow trunk flexion-extension movements. Despite different intentions of the training tasks, the pattern of activity was similar for both. After both training tasks, activation of the DM and SM muscles was earlier during rapid arm movements. However, during slow trunk movements, DM and SM activity was increased, and EMG activity of the superficial trunk muscles was reduced only after skilled training. These findings show the potential to alter motor coordination with motor training of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in recurrent LBP.     

Different ways to balance the spine in sitting: Muscle activity in specific postures differs between individuals with and without a history of back pain in sitting

BackgroundPrevious research explored muscle activity in four distinct sitting postures with fine-wire electromyography, and found that lumbar multifidus muscle activity increased incrementally between sitting with flat thoracolumbar and lumbar regions, long thoracolumbar lordosis, or short lordosis confined to the lumbar region. This study used similar methods to explore whether people with a history of low back pain provoked by prolonged sitting used different patterns of trunk muscle activity in specific postures.MethodsFine-wire electromyography electrodes were inserted into the right lumbar multifidus (deep and superficial), iliocostalis (lateral and medial), longissimus thoracis and transversus abdominis muscles. Superficial abdominal muscle activity was recorded with surface or fine-wire electrodes. Electromyography amplitude was compared between postures for the back pain group and observations were contrasted with the changes previously reported for pain-free controls. For comparison between groups normalised and non-normalised electromyography amplitudes were compared.FindingsIndividuals with a history of back pain demonstrated greater activity of the longissimus thoracis muscle in the long lordosis compared with the flat posture [mean difference (95% CI): 46.6 (17.5–75.7)%, normalised to sitting posture peak activity], but pain-free participants did not [mean difference: 7.7 (minus 12–27.6)%]. Pain-free participants modulated lumbar multifidus activity with changes in lumbar curve, but people with a history of pain in prolonged sitting did not change multifidus activity between the long and short lordotic postures.InterpretationIn clinical ergonomic interventions that modify spinal curves and sagittal balance in sitting, the muscle activity used in those postures may differ between people with and without a history of back pain.     

Selectivity and sensitivity of intramuscular and transcutaneous electromyography electrodes

We evaluated the differences in selectivity and sensitivity of intramuscular fine-wire electrodes and transcutaneous electrodes in detecting dynamic electromyography (EMG) signals from extensor digitorum (EDC) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles during isolated EDC and ECR contractions in two able-bodied subjects. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes differentiated EDC and ECR EMG activities better than transcutaneous electrodes, and intramuscular fine-wire electrodes recorded higher amplitude signals than transcutaneous electrodes. Data suggest that intramuscular fine-wire electrodes are more selective and sensitive than transcutaneous electrodes in detecting EMG signals from adjacent forearm muscles.     

恢复期脑卒中患者膝关节拮抗肌群在动态运动负荷下对协同收缩率的影响

目的观察动态运动负荷对脑卒中患者膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率变化的影响。方法11例脑卒中患者(偏瘫组)和14例正常人(正常组)利用动态运动负荷诱发双侧下肢屈伸膝关节,采用表面电极引导和记录肌电信号并进行线性时、频分析。结果偏瘫组与正常组组内中位频率(MF)、平均功率频率(MPF)、平均肌电值(AEMG)膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率均值变化无显著性差异(P>0.05);组间比较,MF膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率均值变化无显著性差异(P>0.05);偏瘫组MPF膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率明显增高,AEMG膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率明显降低(均P<0.01)。结论MPF、AEMG膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率能反映动态运动负荷下脑卒中患者下肢肌肉表面肌电信号变化,而MF膝关节拮抗肌群协同收缩率并不能很好地反映动态运动负荷下脑卒中患者下肢肌肉表面肌电信号变化。     

Intermittent isometric fatigue study of the lumbar multifidus muscle in four-point kneeling: an intra-rater reliability investigation.

Back muscle endurance is considered important in low back pain (LBP) rehabilitation. Specific training of multifidus may also be necessary to restore normal low back function. The reliability of surface electromyogram (EMG) to assess endurance of the multifidus muscle during intermittent isometric exercise was evaluated. Multifidus endurance was monitored in the four-point kneeling exercise position using the power spectral analysis method. Twenty healthy volunteers were tested on three separate occasions. Subjects performed repeat 10 s high-intensity voluntary contractions of multifidus for 3 min. The median frequency (MF) and the integrated-rectified (I-R) EMG signal displayed the fatigue pattern of multifidus. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated fair-good reproducibility for MF (0.48-0.67) but poor reliability for IR-EMG. In conclusion, problems concerning functional testing protocols for the back muscles remain and careful development is necessary for more realistic rehabilitation monitoring.     

面肌痉挛患者表面肌电信号特征研究

摘要 目的：探讨面肌痉挛患者眼轮匝肌表面肌电特征,为面肌痉挛的诊断及疗效评价提供依据。 方法：选取面肌痉挛门诊患者60例,采集患者放松状态下及做最大自主收缩闭眼动作时健、患侧眼轮匝肌表面肌电值,观察指标为中位频率（MF）、平均功率频率（MPF）及平均肌电值（AEMG）;同时予以Cohen量表评估,分析两种评价方法的相关性。 结果：在放松状态下,面肌痉挛患者健、患侧眼轮匝肌AEMG值有显著性差异（P<0.05）,健、患侧MF、MPF值比较无显著差异;在收缩状态下,健、患侧MF、MPF值比较有显著性差异（P<0.001）,健、患侧AEMG值比较有显著差异（P<0.05）;但在相关性研究中,表面肌电值与Cohen量表间无相关性。 结论：面肌痉挛患者存在特有的表面肌电信号特征,为临床诊断、评估面肌痉挛提供有效参考依据。     

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Manifest Greater Muscle Fatigability Than Healthy Individuals During Dynamic Fatigue Protocol

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the electromyographic (EMG) indices of muscle fatigue along with biochemical marker of fatigue—that is, blood lactate—during a dynamic fatigue protocol in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vs a healthy control group. Secondarily, it aimed to examine the association between EMG indices of muscle fatigue and blood lactate in these patients.MethodsThirty-four participants took part in the study: 19 individuals with T2DM (age, 53.5 ± 6.85 years) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (age, 50.2 ± 3.55 years). Participants performed a dynamic fatigue protocol consisting of 5 sets of 10 repetitions each at an intensity of the 10-repetition maximum. Surface EMG of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles was recorded during the dynamic fatigue protocol, and EMG indices such as median frequency (MF), slope of MF (MF_slope), Dimitrov muscle fatigue spectral index, and root-mean-square were evaluated for each contraction across all the 5 sets. Blood lactate concentrations were also assessed 3 times during the fatigue protocol.ResultsFindings revealed that EMG muscle fatigue indices such as MF, MF_slope, and Dimitrov muscle fatigue spectral index were significantly altered in individuals with T2DM vs healthy individuals across the sets and repetitions for both the vastus medialis (P < .001) and vastus lateralis muscles (P < .001). There was a significantly greater rise in blood lactate in individuals with T2DM than in healthy individuals (P < .001), which was not found to be associated with changes in EMG indices of muscle fatigue.ConclusionFindings suggest the existence of significantly greater fatigue in the knee extensor muscles of individuals with T2DM than healthy individuals.