Long-term clinical performance of flapless implant surgery compared to the conventional approach with flap elevation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The conventional implant approach involves flap elevation,which may result in increased soft tissue and bone loss and postoperative morbidity.The flapless surgical technique,aided by three-dimensional medical imaging equipment,is regarded as a possible alternative to the conventional approach to alleviate the above issues.Several studies have been performed regarding the role of flapless implant surgery.However,the results are inconsistent and there is no robust synthesis of long-term evidence to better inform surgeons regarding which type of surgical technique is more beneficial to the long-term prognosis of patients in need of implant insertion.AIM To compare the long-term clinical performance after flapless implant surgery to that after the conventional approach with flap elevation.METHODS PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and grey literature databases were searched from inception to 23 September 2019.Randomised controlled trials(RCTs)and cohort studies comparing the long-term clinical performance after flapless implant surgery to that after the conventional approach over a follow-up of three years or more were included.Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)or mean differences(MDs)and their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)between the long-term implant survival rate,marginal bone loss,and complication rate of the flapless and conventional groups.Subgroup analyses were carried out to account for the possible effects of the guided or free-hand method during flapless surgery.RESULTS Ten articles,including four RCTs and six cohort studies,satisfied the eligibility criteria and nine of them were included in the meta-analysis.There was no significant difference between the long-term implant survival rate[OR=1.30,95%CI(0.37,4.54),P=0.68],marginal bone loss[MD=0.01,95%CI(-0.42,0.44),P=0.97],and complication rate[OR=1.44,95%CI(0.77,2.68),P=0.25]after flapless implant surgery and the conventional approach.Moreover,subgroup analyses revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the implant survival rate[guided:OR=1.52,95%CI(0.19,12.35),P=0.70];free-hand:n=1,could not be estimated,marginal bone loss[guided:MD=0.22,95%CI(-0.14,0.59),P=0.23;free-hand:MD=-0.27,95%CI(-1.10,0.57),P=0.53],or complication rate[guided:OR=1.16,95%CI(0.52,2.63),P=0.71;free-hand:OR=1.75,95%CI(0.66,4.63),P=0.26]in the flapless and conventional groups either with use of the surgical guide or by the free-hand method.CONCLUSION The flapless surgery and conventional approach had comparable clinical performance over three years or more.The guided or free-hand technique does not significantly affect the long-term outcomes of flapless surgery.     

Sustained complete response to erlotinib in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck:A case report

BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck(SCCHN) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling has been shown to be a critical component of therapeutic option. Herein, we report a case of durable complete response to erlotinib.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old Caucasian male who presented with metastatic poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of right cervical lymph nodes(levels 2 and 3). Imaging studies including(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT) and contrast-enhanced CT scan of neck and chest did not reveal any other disease elsewhere. Panendoscopic examination with random biopsy did not reveal malignant lesion in nasopharynx,oropharynx, and larynx. He underwent modified neck dissection and postoperative radiation. Within 2 mo after completion of radiation, he developed local recurrence at right neck, which was surgically removed. Two mo after the salvage surgery, he developed a second recurrence at right neck. Due to suboptimal performance status and his preference, he started erlotinib treatment.He achieved partial response after first 2 mo of erlotinib treatment, then complete response after total 6 mo of erlotinib treatment. He developed sever skin rash and diarrhea including Clostridium difficile infection during the course of erlotinib treatment requiring dose reduction and eventual discontinuation. He remained in complete remission for more than two years after discontinuation of erlotinib.CONCLUSION We report a case of metastatic SCCHN achieving durable complete response from erlotinib. Patient experienced skin rash and diarrhea toxicities which were likely predictors of his treatment response.     

Clinical presentation and early predictors for poor outcomes in pediatric myocarditis:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Myocarditis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, leading to long-term sequelae including chronic congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart transplantation, and death. The initial diagnosis of myocarditis is usually based on clinical presentation, but this widely ranges from the severe sudden onset of a cardiogenic shock to asymptomatic patients. Early recognition is essential in order to monitor and start supportive treatment prior to the development of severe adverse events. Of note, many cases of fulminant myocarditis are usually misdiagnosed as otherwise minor conditions during the weeks before the unexpected deterioration.AIM To provide diagnostic clues to make an early recognition of pediatric myocarditis.To investigate early predictors for poor outcomes.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional single-center study from January 2008 to November 2017 at the Pediatric Department of our institution, including children < 18-years-old diagnosed with myocarditis. Poor outcome was defined as the occurrence of any of the following facts: death, heart transplant, persistent left ventricular systolic dysfunction or dilation at hospital discharge(early poor outcome), or after 1 year of follow-up(late poor outcome). We analyzed different clinical features and diagnostic test findings in order to provide diagnostic clues for myocarditis in children. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed using all variables that had been selected by univariate analysis to determine independent factors that predicted a poor early or late outcome in our study population.RESULTS A total of 42 patients [69% male; median age of 8(1.5-12) years] met study inclusion criteria. Chest pain(40%) was the most common specific cardiac symptom. Respiratory tract symptoms(cough, apnea, rhinorrhea)(38%),shortness of breath(35%), gastrointestinal tract symptoms(vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea)(33%), and fever(31%) were the most common non-cardiac initial complaints. Tachycardia(57%) and tachypnea(52%) were the most common signs on the initial physical exam followed by nonspecific signs of respiratory tract infection(44%) and respiratory distress(35%). Specific abnormal signs of heart failure such as heart murmur(26%), systolic hypotension(24%), gallop rhythm(20%), or hepatomegaly(20%) were less prevalent. Up to 43% of patients presented an early poor outcome, and 16% presented a late poor outcome. In multivariate analysis, an initial left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) < 30%remained the only significant predictor for early [odds ratio(OR)(95%CI) = 21(2-456), P = 0.027) and late [OR(95%CI) = 8(0.56-135), P = 0.047) poor outcome in children with myocarditis. LVEF correlated well with age(r = 0.51, P = 0.005),days from the initiation of symptoms(r =-0.31, P = 0.045), and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels(r = 0.66, P < 0.001), but not with troponin T(r =-0.05, P = 0.730) or C-reactive protein levels(r =-0.13, P = 0.391). N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide presented a high diagnostic accuracy for LVEF < 30% on echocardiography with an area under curve of 0.931(95%CI: 0.858-0.995, P <0.001). The best cut-off point was 2000 pg/mL with a sensitivity of 90%,specificity of 81%, positive predictive value of 60%, and negative predictive value of 96%.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of myocarditis in children is challenging due to the heterogeneous and unspecific clinical presentation. The presence of LVEF < 30% on echocardiography on admission was the major predictor for poor outcomes.Younger ages, a prolonged course of the disease, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels could help to identify these high-risk patients.     

Min-invasive surgical treatment for multiple axis fractures: A case report

BACKGROUND Fractures of the axis are commonly seen in spinal injuries. Upper cervical fractures are usually managed conservatively. However, the complications due to long-term external immobilization cannot be ignored. The traditional open surgery has the disadvantages of too much blood loss and soft tissue injury. The aim of our paper is to introduce a minimally invasive surgical treatment for multiple axis fractures.CASE SUMMARY We report a 40-year-old Chinese male who had severe neck pain and difficult neck movement after falling from 3 meters. X-ray and computed tomography(CT) scan revealed an axis injury consisting of an odontoid Type Ⅲ fracture associated with a Hangman fracture categorized as a Levine-Edwards Type Ⅰ fracture. The patient underwent anterior odontoid screw fixation and posterior percutaneous screw fixation using intraoperative O-arm navigation. Neck pain was markedly improved after surgery. X-rays and CT scan reconstructions of 3-mo follow-up showed good stability and fusion. The range of cervical motion was well preserved.CONCLUSION Anterior odontoid screw fixation and posterior direct C2 percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with the aid of O-arm navigation and neurophysiological monitoring can be an interesting alternative option for complicated multiple axis fractures.     

迟缓青霉素过敏反应高热休克1例

患者,女,38岁,教师。既往健康,因患上呼吸道感染1周,来院就诊,青霉素皮试(-),加入5%葡萄糖注射液500m l静脉滴注。上午11时静脉滴注结束,当日无不良反应及不适,下午正常生活。第2日上午继续静脉点滴青霉素800万U。批号、方法同前。11∶30静脉滴注结束,身体无不适。未用其他任何药物。13∶30在家中出现心悸、气短、胸闷、寒战、高热、脉搏细数。查体:体温40.3℃,心率124次/分,呼吸12次/分,血压测不清。急性痛苦病容,神志恍惚,烦躁不安,强迫体位,寒战,高热,张口呼吸,呼吸极度困难,带有喘鸣音,语音微弱,吐字不清,全身皮肤苍白,双眼球上翻,颈静…     

运用心理知识做好门诊医患纠纷协调工作

随着人们对医疗服务需求的日益增长以及法律意识和维权观念的不断增强,医患纠纷呈不断上升趋势.门诊是医院的一个"大窗口",人员流动性大,病人需经过挂号、看病、划价、取药、检查等许多过程,身心极易疲惫,情绪会变得烦躁、易怒,很容易与医务人员发生冲突,因此门诊是医患纠纷易发场所.所以运用心理知识做好门诊医患纠纷协调工作显得尤为重要.     

泌尿系结石患者的饮食管理

泌尿系结石的形成与食物的组成有关。根据文献报道，能影响泌尿系结石形成的食物成分有蛋白质、脂肪（胆固醇、鱼油、多不饱和脂肪酸）、糖类、嘌呤、草酸、矿物质（钙、镁、钠等）、维生素（A、B6、D、C、K）、蔬菜（菠菜）、磁化水、乳制品、液体、微量元素等。改变饮食习惯或进行饮食控制，有助于预防结石复发。     

全膝人工关节股骨假体屈曲对疗效的影响:1年随访结果

背景:对于全膝人工关节置换术的股骨假体屈曲问题,多数人认为不能或不太影响膝关节术后功能,仅仅是术后X射线片令人不甚满意,因此尚未引起人们足够的重视.目的:回顾分78例123膝全膝人工关节置换术股骨假体屈曲对随访疗效的影响.设计:分组对比观察.单位:中国中医科学院望京医院骨关节一科.对象:选择2001-10/2004-06在中国中医科学院望京医院关节一科行全膝人工关节置换者78例123膝,其中发生股骨假体不同程度屈曲15例17膝(13.8%),男5例,女10例,年龄47～81岁:未发生屈曲63例106膝(86.2%),男22例,女41例,年龄47～79岁.方法:回顾性分析方法比较股骨假体屈曲组和非屈曲组手术前后HSS(HSS knee rating score)评分、膝关节活动范围和屈曲挛缩畸形,并测量屈曲角和屈曲距离,股骨假体屈曲对置换效果的影响.主要观察指标:①股骨假体屈曲的测量结果.②患者膝关节HSS评分和活动度.③患者屈曲挛缩畸形例数及角度.④不良事件及副反应.结果:患者获随访1年以上.①17膝股骨假体屈曲角为7°～19°,平均为11.3°;股骨假体屈曲距离为2～4 mm,平均为2.6 mm.②术前屈曲组与非屈曲组患者HSS评分和膝关节活动范围差异均无显著性(P＞0.05),但术后屈曲组低于非屈曲组(P≤0.01);术后均高于术前(P=0.02或P＜0.01).③屈曲组术后屈曲挛缩例数和角度多于和大于非屈曲组(P＜0.01),两组术后屈曲挛缩均有改善(屈曲组P＜0.05,非屈曲组P＜0.01).④非屈曲组并发右股深静脉血栓1例,骨化性肌炎1例;屈曲组并发髌骨假体撞击征1膝.结论:本组资料证明,股骨假体屈曲对全膝人工关节置换效果的影响是增加术后膝关节屈曲挛缩的发生率,造成伸膝功能障碍.     

Laparoscopic repair of complete intrathoracic stomach with iron deficiency anemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Giant paraesophageal hiatal hernias(HH)are very infrequent,and their spectrum of clinical manifestations is large.Giant HH mainly occurs in elderly patients,and its relationship with anemia has been reported.For the surgical treatment of large HH,Nissen fundoplication is the most common antireflux procedure,and the reinforcement of HH repair with a patch(either synthetic or biologic)is still debatable.CASE SUMMARY We report on a case of giant paraesophageal HH in a middle-aged male patient with reflux symptoms and severe anemia.After performing a series of tests and diagnostic approaches,results showed a complete intrathoracic stomach associated with severe iron deficiency anemia.The patient underwent successful laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh reinforcement and Nissen fundoplication.Postoperatively,reflux symptoms were markedly relieved,and the imaging study showed complete reduction of the hernia sac.More importantly,anemia was resolved,and hemoglobin,serum iron and ferritin level were returned to the normal range.The patient kept regular follow-up appointments and remained in a satisfactory condition.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the relationship between large HH and iron deficiency anemia.For the surgical treatment of large HH,laparoscopic repair of large HH combined with antireflux procedure and mesh reinforcement is recommended.     

Rare anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney:A case report

BACKGROUND Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney(ASK)is a rare and newly recognized renal neoplasm.The tumor usually is extensive and cystic,characterized by pleomorphic spindle cells with marked atypia and associated with multinucleated cells.To date,only 27 cases have been reported in the literature.The authors present an additional case and summarize the relevant knowledge in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a palpable mass over the abdomen and right flank soreness for one year.After the computed tomography study,the patient underwent right radical nephrectomy obtaining a 1680-g tumor with a size of 18.4 cm×14.5 cm×11 cm.The tumor is chiefly composed of anaplastic spindle cells with marked nuclear atypia admixed with multinucleated cells.Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor cells exhibited diffuse positivity for CD56,p53,and vimentin,and focally positive for desmin.The diagnosis of ASK was established.Unfortunately,a local tumor recurrence followed by a distant metastasis developed within months.The patient died 26 months after the initial surgery.Comparing to the previously 27 cases of ASK,the current case had a relatively worse prognosis,which might be potentially associated with older patient age,larger tumor size,and the lack of en-bloc resection of adjacent organs during the initial radical nephrectomy.CONCLUSION This case points out the featured pathological findings for diagnosing ASK and suggests more aggressive management for patients with ASK.     

能谱CT多参数定量分析预测原发性肺癌病理类型

目的 观察能谱CT多参数定量分析预测原发性肺癌病理类型的价值。方法 纳入137例接受能谱CT检查的肺癌患者,根据病理结果分为腺癌组（n=74）、鳞癌组（n=39）及小细胞肺癌（SCLC）组（n=24）。对比各组能谱CT参数,包括病灶40~100 keV间隔为10 keV的单能量CT值、碘浓度（IC）、标准化碘浓度（NIC）及能谱曲线斜率等的差异。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,分析各参数预测肺癌病理类型的效能。结果 动脉期3组间40 keV单能量CT值、IC、NIC及能谱曲线斜率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;SCLC组40 keV单能量CT值、IC、NIC及能谱曲线斜率与腺癌组、鳞癌组差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。静脉期3组间40~100 keV每间隔10 keV单能量CT值、IC、NIC及能谱曲线斜率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;SCLC组40~90 keV每间隔10 keV的单能量CT值、IC、NIC及能谱曲线斜率与腺癌组、鳞癌组差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。据此将腺癌组和鳞癌组合并为非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组,根据上述差异具有统计学意义的参数诊断SCLC与NSCLC的AUC均>0.7;联合动、静脉期40 keV单能量CT值、NIC及能谱曲线斜率诊断SCLC与NSCLC的AUC分别为0.809和0.855。结论 能谱CT多参数联合定量分析预测原发性肺癌的病理类型具有较高效能。     

能谱CT平扫多参数成像判断纯磨玻璃密度肺腺癌病理亚型

目的 探讨能谱CT平扫多参数成像判断纯磨玻璃密度结节（pGGN）肺腺癌病理亚型的价值。方法 回顾性分析45例接受能谱CT平扫并经病理证实的pGGN肺腺癌，将其分为A组[非IAC组，21例，包括9例原位腺癌（AIS）和12例微浸润腺癌（MIA）]和B组[浸润性腺癌（IAC）组，24例]。基于联合40%自适应统计迭代重建（ASIR-V）技术重建的70 keV单能水平图像评估pGGN的CT征象，包括分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、空气支气管征及胸膜凹陷征和异常血管征；获取定量分析成像参数，包括40~140 keV单能量CT值、水基值（WC）、有效原子序数（Eff-Z）及能谱曲线斜率k1~k3（分别为40~70 keV、71~100 keV、101~140 keV段能谱曲线斜率）。结果 B组异常血管征出现率高于A组（P<0.05）。组间分叶征、毛刺征、空气支气管征、空泡征及胸膜凹陷征差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。B组k1低于A组（P<0.05），而组间k2、k3差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。B组WC高于A组（P<0.05），但2组间Eff-Z差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 能谱CT平扫多参数成像可在显示pGGN形态学表现的基础上提供多种定量参数和较常规CT更多的诊断信息，有助于判断pGGN肺腺癌的病理亚型。     

能谱CT定量参数评估非小细胞肺癌病理分化程度

目的 探讨能谱CT定量参数在术前评估非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）病理分化程度中的价值。方法 收集67例术前接受能谱CT扫描的NSCLC患者,根据病理分化程度分为低分化组（n=32）和中高分化组（n=35）,比较2组肿瘤径线、淋巴结转移阳性率、肿瘤坏死率、远处转移阳性率及各期能谱CT定量参数,并行统计学分析。结果 低分化组肿瘤径线、淋巴结转移阳性率及肿瘤坏死率均大于中高分化组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,远处转移阳性率差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）。低分化组平扫、动脉期及静脉期能谱曲线K_{40~65 keV}、平扫有效原子序数、动脉期及静脉期碘（水）浓度均低于中高分化组,而平扫水（碘）浓度高于中高分化组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。平扫能谱曲线K_{40~65 keV}曲线下面积（0.802）最大,以0.67为诊断阈值,其诊断不同分化程度NSCLC的敏感度为77.1%,特异度为81.2%。结论 能谱CT定量参数对评估NSCLC的分化程度有一定价值,可为术前判断肺癌病理分级提供依据。     

离体胆结石成分能谱CT分析

目的 探讨能谱CT各参数鉴别纯胆固醇及非纯胆固醇结石的价值。方法 采用能谱CT扫描离体胆结石,以红外光谱确定结石成分并分组,并于轴位、冠状位及矢状位结石最大层面勾画ROI,获得结石的能谱曲线及能谱CT测量参数[CT值、斜率、有效原子序数（Zeff）、钙水比值（CWR）],以Mann-Whitney U检验比较组间和亚组间参数的差异。利用ROC曲线获得各参数鉴别纯胆固醇及非纯胆固醇结石组的阈值,计算敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 纯胆固醇及非纯胆固醇结石组各能谱CT参数差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。各能谱参数鉴别诊断纯胆固醇与非纯胆固醇结石的AUC差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 各能谱参数鉴别纯胆固醇与非纯胆固醇结石效能均较好;不同成分胆结石能谱曲线存在差异。     

双能量CT虚拟去钙图诊断椎体骨髓水肿

目的 探讨双源CT双能量虚拟去钙（DE-VNCa）图在不同对比物质相对比值（RCMR）条件下对椎体骨髓水肿的临床诊断价值。方法 对37例脊柱外伤及腰背部疼痛患者行双源CT双能量扫描及MR检查,RCMR值分别取1.28、1.45、1.75、1.85,重建4组DE-VNCa图像。以MRI诊断为金标准,计算4组图像诊断椎体骨髓水肿的效能,获得最优RCMR值,并在此最优条件下测量并比较腰椎骨髓水肿区与正常椎体的CT值和脂肪含量,以ROC曲线评价CT值和脂肪含量诊断腰椎骨髓水肿的效能。结果 RCMR值取1.28、1.45、1.75、1.85时,诊断腰椎骨髓水肿的约登指数分别为0.02、0.35、0.82、0.73;RCMR为1.75时,DE-VNCa图诊断效能最高。以RCMR=1.75重建DE-VNCa图,腰椎骨髓水肿区与正常椎体的CT值和脂肪含量差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。以CT值=10.25 HU和脂肪含量=24.50%为临界值,诊断腰椎骨髓水肿的AUC分别为0.95和0.91（P均<0.01）。结论 双源CT DE-VNCa图在RCMR为1.75时诊断椎体骨髓水肿的临床价值较高;CT值和脂肪含量有助于诊断腰椎骨髓水肿。     

CT值直方图鉴别诊断骨巨细胞瘤与动脉瘤样骨囊肿的效能

目的 探讨CT值直方图在骨巨细胞瘤（GCT）与动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）中的鉴别诊断价值。方法 收集接受CT扫描且经病理证实的骨GCT患者34例和ABC患者9例,在病灶最大层面选取ROI,获取CT值直方图,并记录平均CT值、峰值CT值、偏度值及峰度值,采用两独立样本t检验分析GCT和ABC各参数的差异,并对有统计学差异的指标采用ROC确定最佳诊断阈值,并计算曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度和准确率。结果 GCT平均CT值和峰值CT值均显著高于ABC（t=-5.62、-5.81,P均<0.05）,ABC偏度值和峰度值大于GCT,但差异无统计学意义（t=1.58、0.75,P均>0.05）。诊断GCT的平均CT值和峰值CT值的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.96和0.95（P均<0.01）,最佳诊断阈值分别为36.67 HU和36.85 HU,此时其敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为94.12%（32/34）、88.89%（8/9）、93.02%（40/43）和97.06%（33/34）、88.89%（8/9）、95.35%（41/43）。结论 CT值直方图对GCT和ABC的鉴别诊断具有较高的临床应用价值,平均CT值和峰值CT值在两者的鉴别诊断中均具有较高的诊断准确率。     

CT图像纹理分析鉴别诊断磨玻璃密度肺腺癌的浸润性

目的 探讨CT图像纹理分析鉴别诊断表现为磨玻璃密度结节的肺腺癌浸润性的价值。方法 收集在我院接受肺部CT检查且手术病理证实为肺腺癌患者100例（浸润性腺癌56例,非浸润性腺癌44例）。随机选择69例为训练组,31例为验证组。使用A.K.（Analysis-Kinetics）分析软件进行影像特征提取;Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验和Spearman相关性分析进行特征降维;使用R语言软件包"GLM"函数,建立Logistic回归模型;以交叉验证方法对回归模型进行检验。采用ROC曲线评价独立预测因素的诊断效能。结果 影像特征提取得到396个影像组学特征,经降维最终得到与鉴别肺非浸润腺癌与浸润腺癌最相关的参数3个,建模后验证Logistic回归模型示其诊断准确率为83.30%,敏感度及特异度分别为77.80%、91.70%。结论 CT图像纹理分析可有效鉴别表现为磨玻璃密度结节肺腺癌的浸润性。     

CT能谱成像诊断孤立性肺结节

目的 探讨CT能谱成像定量分析对孤立性肺结节（SPN）的诊断价值。方法 根据病变情况将79例接受能谱CT双期增强扫描且经病理证实的SPN患者分为恶性组（54例）、炎性组（14例）及结核组（11例）;分别测量增强早期及晚期病灶的能谱曲线斜率、碘浓度及标准化碘浓度,采用方差分析和LSD-t检验比较各能谱参数间的差异。结果 两期扫描中,3组之间能谱曲线斜率、碘浓度及标准化碘浓度均为炎性组最大、结核组最小,且两两比较差异均有统计学意义。结论 CT能谱成像有助于定性诊断SPN。     

光谱CT电子云密度图结合CT表现鉴别急慢性椎体骨质疏松性骨折

目的 观察光谱CT电子云密度图（EDM）结合CT表现鉴别急慢性椎体骨质疏松性骨折（OVF）的价值。方法 回顾性收集48例同时存在急、慢性OVF患者的胸椎和/或腰椎光谱CT资料,共纳入110个骨折椎体,包括53个急性骨折（急性组）和57个慢性骨折椎体（慢性组）。比较组间骨折椎体光谱CT定量参数,包括常规120 kVp混合能量图像（PI,即常规CT图像）和40、70、100 keV虚拟单能量图像（VMI）中的CT值、 有效原子序数（Z-eff）及电子云密度（ED）,以 及常规CT表现的差异;将差异有统计学意义的参数纳入多因素logistic回归分析,筛选鉴别急、慢性OVF的独立危险因素,并构建联合模型。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,评估各单一独立危险因素及联合模型鉴别诊断急、慢性OVF的效能。结果 组间光谱CT定量参数,以及终板中断征、骨皮质皱褶、椎体密度增高、椎体内气体影和椎体压缩程度差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。logistic回归分析结果显示,CT_PI（OR=0.855,P=0.005）、ED（OR=16.432,P=0.005）、骨皮质皱褶（OR=0.038,P=0.034）及椎体密度增高（OR=0.025,P=0.013）均为急性OVF的独立危险因素,以之单独鉴别急、慢性OVF的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.870、0.889、0.879及0.866,均低于联合模型的0.977（Z=3.47、3.73、2.95、2.71,P均<0.05）。结论 光谱CT EDM结合CT表现能有效鉴别诊断急、慢性OVF。     

能谱CT成像碘(水)图纹理分析预测结直肠癌微卫星不稳定状态

目的 探讨基于能谱CT成像碘（水）图像的纹理分析在术前预测结直肠癌微卫星不稳定（MSI）状态方面的价值。方法 回顾性分析23例MSI结直肠癌（MSI组）及46例微卫星稳定（MSS）结直肠癌（MSS组）患者的资料。所有患者均经术后病理检查证实，且术前均接受腹部能谱CT成像。采用Viewer分析软件获取动脉期及静脉期碘（水）图像，并将其导入Omni-Kinetics软件进行ROI勾画及特征提取。提取的纹理参数包括最小值、最大值、平均值、中位值、标准差、偏度、峰度、均匀性、能量值、熵。比较2组间各纹理参数的差异。并采用Logistic回归将纹理参数进行联合，通过ROC曲线分析不同纹理参数预测及多种参数联合预测的效能。结果 MSI组动脉期及静脉期最小值、最大值、平均值、中位值、均匀性均明显低于MSS组（P均<0.05），2组间标准差、偏度、峰度、能量值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；MSI组静脉期熵明显高于MSS组（t=1.81，P=0.04），2组间动脉期熵差异无统计学意义（t=0.22，P=0.80）。ROC曲线分析显示，以动脉期及静脉期最小值、最大值、平均值、中位值、均匀性和静脉期熵单一参数在术前预测结直肠癌MSI状态的AUC为0.64~0.82。多参数联合的Logistic回归模型为-2.598-0.124×动脉期最小值-0.039×动脉期最小值-0.774×动脉期中位值+1×动脉期平均值-1.892×动脉期均匀性+0.14×静脉期最小值+0.2×静脉期最大值+0.343×静脉期中位值-0.61×静脉期平均值+13.711×静脉期均匀性-2.598×静脉期熵，联合预测的AUC为0.83。结论 基于能谱CT成像碘（水）图像纹理分析，可在术前无创预测结直肠癌MSI状态，且将多种纹理参数联合后预测效能更优。