超声心动图在胎儿产前筛查中的应用

目的探讨超声心动图在胎儿产前筛查中的应用价值。方法应用超声心动图对1 112例孕妇行产前胎儿超声心动图检查,并将胎儿超声检查结果异常的与胎儿尸检或分娩后超声心动图检查结果进行对照。结果普查中发现21例胎儿中有16例胎儿存在心脏结构方面的异常和5例存在电生理方面的异常,其中16例心脏结构方面异常胎儿因为孕母自愿要求人工流产后进行了尸检,分别为8例室间隔缺损,6例为房间隔缺损,2例法洛四联症;5例电生理方面异常的胎儿于出生后1周再次检查发现异常消失。结论超声心动图在筛查胎儿心脏异常方面具有操作简单、无创、结果准确的优点。     

经阴道超声对颈项透明层增厚胎儿心脏异常的诊断价值

目的：探讨经阴道超声诊断11~14孕周NT增厚胎儿心脏异常的方法和价值。材料和方法：对66例11~14周胎儿NT增厚的孕妇进行了经阴道超声检查,并与胎儿引产结果及出生后超声心动图对照。结果：66例中发现胎儿心脏异常4例。随访均与阴道超声心动图检查结果符合。结论：经阴道超声心动图对早期诊断NT增厚胎儿心脏结构异常有重要的临床应用价值。     

产前常规胎儿超声心动图检查的临床价值

目的探讨产前常规胎儿超声心动图检查的临床意义。方法对4636例22～40周胎儿行常规胎儿超声心动图检查。结果超声心动图检出胎儿先天性心脏畸形16例,漏诊3例,误诊1例;检出心脏微小异常病例185例。结论胎儿超声心动图检在产前胎儿心脏畸形和微小的筛查中具有较高的临床价值。     

产前超声诊断胎儿法洛四联症

目的 探讨超声心动图诊断胎儿法洛四联症的临床应用价值.方法 对15例法洛四联症胎儿超声心动图资料进行回顾性分析总结.结果 产前诊断为胎儿法洛四联症14例,其中经引产尸解或出生后超声心动图检查证实9例,失访5例.产前检查胎儿心脏未见明显异常,但出生后超声检查诊断为法洛四联症1例.结论 超声心动图产前诊断胎儿法洛四联症具有重要临床价值,但对漏诊的病例应予以重视和进一步研究.     

产前超声诊断胎儿心内膜垫缺损

目的探讨胎儿心脏心内膜垫缺损的产前超声表现与诊断技巧,提高此类畸形的产前超声检出率.方法调节胎儿心脏检查条件,常规胎儿超声检查后进行胎儿超声心动图检查,获得胎儿四腔心切面、左右室流出道切面、三血管切面,大动脉短轴切面,采用彩色多普勒和频普多普勒检查.结果产前诊断出胎儿心内膜垫缺损13例,均经引产后尸解得到证实.其中部分性心内膜垫缺损4例,完全性心内膜垫缺损9例.结论超声心动图检查是产前诊断胎儿心内膜垫缺损的可靠方法与技术.     

胎儿超声心动图对胎儿心律失常的诊断价值47例分析

目的:探讨应用M型超声心动图(M-UCG)及频谱多普勒超声诊断胎儿心律失常的价值。方法:应用M型超声心动图及频谱多普勒超声对47例疑有胎儿心律失常的患者进行胎儿心脏超声检查。结果:通过心脏彩超共诊断出32例胎儿心律失常,其中房性早搏16例,室性早搏7例,心动过速6例,心动过缓3例。结论:超声心动图可以快速有效的检测出胎儿心律失常,而且可以较为准确的对胎儿心律失常进行分类,是胎儿心律失常的首选诊断措施。     

胎儿超声心动图检查规范——美国超声心动图学会指南解读

超声心动图是诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的首选技术手段。规范化的胎儿心脏超声心动图检查技术要求和检查流程,将有助于更为可靠准确的诊断各种胎儿先天性心脏畸形,同时保障胎儿安全。     

超声系统诊断胎儿心脏病中应用心脏三节段诊断法的效果观察

目的:观察超声系统诊断胎儿心脏病中应用心脏三节段诊断法的效果。方法:随机选择本院自2016年1月至2017年3月检查的高危胎儿300例,300例高危胎儿均采用超声系统心脏三节段法进行诊断,诊断高危胎儿是否有心脏病,分析及评估其诊断准确率,并与胎儿产后超声心动图、引产后尸检结果进行对比。结果:经超声系统心脏三节段法诊断后发现,先天性心脏病胎儿有24例,检出率8%(24/300),24例胎儿中,有9例胎儿产后经超声心动图检查证实患有心脏病,15例胎儿经引产后尸检结果证实患有心脏病,此诊断方法与胎儿产后超声心动图、引产后尸检结果对比无差异,P0.05。结论:在胎儿心脏病诊断中,通过超声系统心脏三节段法进行诊断,可准确判断出胎儿是否出现先天性心脏病,可作为诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的常用方法,值得临床推广应用。     

胎儿Ⅲ＆#176;房室传导阻滞产前超声心动图分析

目的：总结Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞（CAVB）胎儿超声心动图特征。方法应用二维超声、M型超声及多普勒技术对10例Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞胎儿进行超声心动图检查,观察胎儿心房与心室节律及其对应关系,同时观察二尖瓣、左心室流入道及流出道、静脉导管血流频谱,并对胎儿心脏大小、心功能、房室瓣反流及心包积液等心脏结构进行观察,对Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞胎儿超声心动图特征进行总结分析。结果二维超声心动图检查提示10例Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞胎儿中2例存在心内外畸形,8例无明显心内外畸形。Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞胎儿M型超声心动图特征为房室节律分离,心房节律保持在正常范围而心室节律缓慢,多普勒超声心动图特征为二尖瓣频谱提示E峰频率缓慢,A峰频率明显快于E峰频率,E、A峰无固定对应关系。胎儿超声心动图检查提示,孕妇就诊时10例胎儿中6例心脏扩大,5例心功能不全,6例房室瓣反流,7例心包积液。超声心动图检查后10例孕妇均选择引产。结论Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞是对胎儿心功能有重要影响的缓慢型心律失常,预后不佳。M型超声结合多普勒技术可对Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞胎儿进行诊断及鉴别,对临床干预治疗及判断胎儿预后有重要意义。     

170例胎儿的二维超声心动图研究

为评价二维超声心动图显示胎儿心脏结构的可行性和可靠性,为进一步应用超声心动图诊断胎儿心血管系统异常提供方法学基础,应用二维超声心动图检查了170例16～42孕周的胎儿。结果表明:二维超声心动图显示胎儿心脏满意图象可始于19孕周。在159例胎儿中获得了满意的心脏图象,成功率为94％。选用四腔心切面、心脏长轴切面和大动脉根部水平短轴切面显示胎儿心脏结构,成功率分别为90％,71％和40％。在11例胎儿中未能记录到满意心脏图象,原因为胎儿过小,胎动过频和母体肥胖等。这一研究表明:二维超声心动图,是评价胎儿心脏结构的可行和可靠技术。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.