A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效2年随访

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)阻滞术缓解脑瘫患儿痉挛的长期疗效。方法 2005年6月至2013年12月,51例痉挛型脑瘫患儿按治疗方案分为两组,对照组(n=27)接受常规康复,试验组(n=24)在常规康复基础上接受BTX-A阻滞术治疗。治疗前采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、医师用评价量表(PRS)运动功能部分、粗大运动功能测量(GMFM)D区和E区进行评价;治疗2年后,采用PRS、GMFM进行评价。结果治疗前,两组患儿年龄,体质量,及术前MAS、PRS、GMFM均无显著性差异(t1.207,χ2=0.076,P0.05)。2年后复诊时,两组患儿PRS、GMFM较治疗前提高(t2.217,P0.05),试验组优于对照组(t2.095,P0.05)。结论 BTX-A阻滞术长期疗效肯定。阻滞术后开展康复训练,有助于患儿运动功能提高。     

A型肉毒毒素配合药浴对脑性瘫痪患儿痉挛的疗效

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素注射与康复训练和药浴相结合治疗脑瘫患儿痉挛的效果。方法80 例痉挛型和混合型脑瘫患儿分为两组,每组40 例。对照组采用运动疗法;观察组采用A型肉毒毒素注射后进行康复训练和药浴。治疗前后采用改良Ashworth评定量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM-88)进行评定。结果治疗3 个月后,两组患儿MAS评分、GMFM评分均优于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复训练和药浴能降低肌张力,有效提高痉挛型和混合型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗脑性瘫痪患儿上肢痉挛的疗效分析

目的分析A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)阻滞术缓解脑瘫患儿上肢痉挛的疗效。方法将2004 年1 月~2011 年12 月本院收治47 例痉挛型偏瘫的脑瘫患儿分为对照组(n=25)和试验组(n=22)。对照组接受常规作业康复训练,试验组在此基础上接受上肢BTX-A 阻滞术治疗。根据试验组患儿体重和改良Ashworth 评分(MAS)来确定BTX-A 剂量,每次用量在30~110 IU 之间,平均(50.7±12.7) IU。结果治疗前,两组患儿MAS、简易上肢功能检查法评分均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验组治疗后MAS评分明显低于治疗前(P<0.01),且低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿的上肢功能评分均有提高(P<0.05),试验组提高值明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论BTX-A可有效降低脑瘫儿童的上肢肌张力,有助于上肢运动功能的提高。     

不同定位技术联合强化康复训练对脑瘫患儿下肢痉挛的影响

目的观察徒手肌肉定位和超声引导下注射A型肉毒毒素（BTX-A）联合强化康复训练对脑瘫患儿下肢痉挛的影响。 方法按照随机数字表法将61例下肢痉挛脑瘫患儿分为徒手定位组（31例）和超声引导组（30例），2组患儿均接受BTX-A注射，注射部位均为内收肌、腘绳肌、小腿三头肌。徒手定位组采用徒手定位注射，超声引导组在超声引导下给予BTX-A注射，并在注射后第3天进行强化康复训练。注射前、注射后12周，采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、 粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)评分对2组患儿的下肢痉挛进行评定。 结果注射前，2组患儿MAS、GMFM评分之间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。注射后12周，2组患儿MAS均较组内注射前降低（P<0.05），且超声引导组注射后12周MAS评分［（1.43±0.50）分］低于徒手定位组［（1.77±0.56）分］（P<0.05）。注射后12周，2组患儿GMFM评分较组内注射前升高（P<0.05），且超声引导组注射后12周GMFM评分［（72.43±10.50）分］高于徒手定位组［（67.10±11.25）分］（P<0.05）。 结论超声引导下注射BTX-A联合强化康复训练能显著降低下肢痉挛脑瘫患儿的肌张力，增加其关节活动度，提高运动功能，改善姿势步态。     

A型肉毒毒素缓解脑瘫痉挛的适宜剂量与相关因素的研究

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)缓解脑瘫痉挛的适宜剂量与程度及与其他因素的关系。方法对39例脑瘫患儿采用BTX-A局部注射缓解痉挛。结果23例患儿治疗后效果良好,其中男性15例、女性8例,年龄33～145个月,平均(60.7±26.9)个月。BTX-A的适宜剂量与患儿的性别、年龄、体重、诊断分型、粗大运动功能分级(GMFCS)、致病因素、注射点数目无相关性,与术前改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评分呈线性正相关。结论BTX-A可缓解脑瘫患儿的痉挛,注射剂量与MAS评分呈正相关。     

肉毒毒素结合肌力训练治疗痉挛型双瘫患儿39例疗效观察

目的:探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射结合肌力训练对痉挛型双瘫患儿粗大运动功能的影响。方法:将72例痉挛型双瘫患儿依据其意愿分为观察组39例和对照组33例,均进行综合康复训练,且观察组在此基础上加用BTX-A注射和肌力训练。治疗前和治疗3个月后分别采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)和粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)中站立相(D)和走、跑、攀登相(E)二项进行疗效评估。结果:治疗前后两组MAS评分和GMFM中D项、E项评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),且治疗后两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:BTX-A注射结合肌力训练能快速有效地缓解痉挛型双瘫患儿下肢肌肉的痉挛,提高患儿粗大运动功能。     

肉毒毒素结合康复训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫

目的:观察局部肌肉注射A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)治疗痉挛型脑瘫的疗效。方法:83例痉挛型脑瘫患儿分为观察组53例和对照组30例,均采用BTX-A局部肌肉注射和推拿治疗;观察组同时结合系统的康复训练等。治疗前后均以改良阿氏量表(MAS)评分肌张力,运动评价量表(PRS)评定运动功能。结果:治疗3个月后与治疗前比较2组MAS评分均明显下降,PRS评分明显升高(均P<0.05);与对照组比较观察组表现更明显(P<0.05)。结论:局部肌肉注射BTX-A结合系统康复训练能有效缓解痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肌张力,改善步态、提高行走能力。     

BTX-A辅助常规康复功能锻炼对合并腓肠肌痉挛脑瘫患儿痉挛程度、肌张力及粗大神经功能的影响

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)辅助常规康复功能锻炼对合并腓肠肌痉挛脑瘫患儿痉挛程度、肌张力及粗大神经功能的影响。方法选择2014年1月至2015年12月在该院接受治疗的104例痉挛型脑瘫患儿。用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组52例,对照组患儿进行常规康复功能训练,观察组患儿在对照组的基础上注射BTX-A。比较两组患儿的痉挛程度、肌张力及粗大神经功能。结果治疗前两组患儿的肌张力、跟腱反射、踝痉挛和综合痉挛量表(CSS)总分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组患儿的痉挛状况明显改善,观察组患儿的肌张力、跟腱反射、踝痉挛和CSS总分低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗1个月、治疗3个月和治疗6个月后,两组患儿的修订Ashworth量表(MAS)评分明显改善,观察组患儿各时间点的MAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患儿的粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)评分明显提高,观察组患儿D区和E区的GMFM评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 BTX-A辅助常规康复功能锻炼可以明显改善合并腓肠肌痉挛脑瘫患儿的痉挛程度,降低肌张力,提高运动功能,值得在临床推广应用。     

不同剂量A型肉毒毒素注射缓解脑性瘫痪患儿腘绳肌痉挛的前瞻性研究

目的:观察常规康复治疗与不同剂量A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射缓解痉挛型脑瘫患儿腘绳肌痉挛的临床疗效、肌肉形态改变及不良反应。方法:按随机数字表法分组,最终纳入78例腘绳肌痉挛脑瘫患儿。常规康复组为A组,21例;BTX-A注射组为B、C、D组,分别为19、18、20例,注射剂量分别为3U/kg、4U/kg、5U/kg。治疗前后1、3、6、12个月,采用改良Ashworth痉挛分级量表(MAS)、表面肌电图被动状态积分肌电值(i EMG)评定腘绳肌的痉挛程度;彩色多普勒超声仪测量腘绳肌的肌肉形态;粗大运动评定量表(GMFM)评定运动功能。结果:在MAS分级、i EMG数值方面,BTX-A注射组治疗后各时间点低于常规康复组(P0.05),不同剂量组之间无显著性意义(P0.05);在GMFM评分方面,BTX-A注射组与常规康复组在各时间点之间差异有显著性意义(P0.05);在肌肉形态方面,不同剂量组与常规康复组治疗后各时间点半腱肌的横截面积及肌纤维长度无差异(P0.05)。不同剂量组治疗后均无明显不良反应。结论:BTX-A注射组缓解脑瘫患儿腘绳肌痉挛优于常规康复组且未影响肌肉发育,不同注射剂量在临床疗效、肌肉形态改变和不良反应上均无显著差异。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛型脑瘫用药剂量分析

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)阻滞术缓解脑瘫患儿痉挛的最佳用药剂量。方法对61例痉挛型脑瘫患儿(年龄27~144个月)采用BTX-A阻滞术治疗,按BTX-A剂量系数将患儿分为A、B、C、D、E5组,根据Ashworth评分和体重每次用量为30~160IU,平均(69.0±32.4)IU。结果55人次接受BTX-A阻滞术治疗后肌张力有所下降,功能有所提高,有效率为90.16%,疗效持续时间8~32周,平均(17.56±8.30)周。C组(2≤剂量系数<3)的疗效持续时间最长。结论最佳的小腿三头肌的BTX-A用药剂量计算公式为剂量(IU)=(修改的Ashworth评分+2.5)×体重(kg)。     

A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复功能训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿上肢功能的疗效观察

目的探索A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿上肢功能的疗效。方法愿意接受BTX-A治疗的27例痉挛型脑瘫患儿为治疗组,30例脑瘫患儿为对照组,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予BTX-A局部注射。治疗前后行Carroll双上肢功能评定。结果两组患儿经过3个月治疗后,治疗组Carroll双上肢功能评定显著优于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论BTX-A对于改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿上肢功能有良好的作用。     

A型肉毒毒素对脑性瘫痪患儿腘绳肌痉挛的疗效

目的观察A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射缓解脑瘫患儿腘绳肌痉挛的疗效。方法39 例存在腘绳肌痉挛的脑瘫患儿分为对照组(n=20)和观察组(n=19),对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在常规康复训练的基础上予BTX-A局部注射。治疗前后采用改良Ashworth 量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能测试(GMFM-88)、膝关节屈曲角度进行评定。结果治疗6 周后,观察组患儿腘绳肌MAS评分、膝关节屈曲角度、GMFM-88 评分均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且均优于对照组(P<0.05);对照组GMFM-88 较治疗前改善(P<0.05)。结论BTX-A注射可以有效缓解脑瘫患儿腘绳肌痉挛,有助于纠正异常步态,提高患儿运动功能。     

Clinical effects of botulinum toxin A and phenol block on gait in children with cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and phenol blocks in managing lower limb spasticity and gait dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN: This is a case-controlled study that took place in a tertiary center's gait laboratory. A total of 27 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy spastic diplegia, aged from 3 to 7 yrs, and 20 normal children were recruited into this study. Sixteen children with cerebral palsy received BTX-A injections, and 11 received phenol motor point blocks. Gait analyses were assessed by a portable computer-assisted system (Computer DynoGraphy, Infotronic, The Netherlands). Both the BTX-A and phenol groups received gait analysis at 1 wk before and 2 mos after injection treatments. RESULTS: Significant improvements in gait variables of velocity and cadence were noted in children with cerebral palsy after BTX-A injections as compared with the phenol block group. Gaitline and cyclogram patterns also improved significantly in the BTX-A group. The adverse clinical effects of BTX-A injections were less severe as compared with phenol injections. CONCLUSIONS: BTX-A injections demonstrated superior treatment effects in improving gait variables and patterns in children with spastic diplegia as compared with phenol blocks. BTX-A injections also revealed fewer clinical side effects and were well tolerated by children with cerebral palsies.     

Comparison of botulinum toxin type A injection and soft-tissue surgery to treat hip subluxation in children with cerebral palsy

Yang EJ, Rha D-W, Kim HW, Park ES. Comparison of botulinum toxin type A injection and soft-tissue surgery to treat hip subluxation in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective

To compare the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection into the hip adductor muscles on hip displacement with soft-tissue surgery and assess the factors related to a favorable outcome after intervention in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Design

Retrospective chart review with regard to radiographic findings.

Setting

University hospital.

Participants

Children with CP (N=194).

Interventions

BTX-A injection and soft-tissue surgery into the hip adductor muscles.

Main Outcome Measure

The Reimers hip migration percentage (MP).

Results

Sixty-nine children did not receive any therapeutic intervention for hip displacement, whereas 60 children underwent soft-tissue surgery and 65 children took BTX-A injection for the spasticity of their hip muscles. MP was measured on each radiograph of the pelvis. The annual change of MP was improved in both the soft-tissue surgery and BTX-A groups, whereas it worsened in the nonintervention group. The annual improvement of MP in the BTX-A group did not differ significantly from that of the soft-tissue surgery group. The improvement in hip displacement after therapeutic intervention was greater in young children and high-functioning groups compared with older children and low-functioning groups. Hip displacement was progressive in the severely hip subluxated group despite therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions

Comparable effects of BTX-A injection to soft-tissue surgery in our study suggest that BTX-A injection, if timely reinjected, may replace soft-tissue surgery as a prophylactic procedure against progressive hip subluxation or dislocation in children. Age at intervention, functional level, and initial MP before therapeutic intervention were the factors affecting the outcomes.     

Botulinum toxin type a injections to salivary glands: combination with single event multilevel chemoneurolysis in 2 children with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy

We describe 2 children with severe spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP) who have significant drooling and frequent aspiration pneumonia. They underwent simultaneous botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections to salivary glands for drooling and prevention of aspiration pneumonia along with single-event multilevel chemoneurolysis (SEMLC) with BTX-A and 5% phenol for severe diffuse spasticity. There was significant improvement in drooling, frequency of aspiration pneumonia, and spasticity without adverse effect. BTX-A injections into the salivary glands, in addition to SEMLC, for these 2 children with medically complicated severe spastic quadriplegic CP, were safe and highly successful procedures, which improved their health-related quality of life.     

Accuracy of Manual Needle Placement for Gastrocnemius Muscle in Children With Cerebral Palsy Checked Against Ultrasonography

Yang EJ, Rha D, Yoo JK, Park ES. Accuracy of manual needle placement for gastrocnemius muscle in children with cerebral palsy checked against ultrasonography.

Objective

To investigate the accuracy of manual needle placement into gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Design

Prospective clinical study.

Setting

University-affiliated hospital.

Participants

A total of 272 injections in GCMs of 39 children with spastic CP who were scheduled to receive BTX-A injections in GCMs.

Intervention

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

The accuracy of manual needle placement was checked against ultrasonography.

Results

The needle was accurately inserted into GCM muscles in 78.7% of cases. Accuracy was 92.6% into gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and 64.7% into gastrocnemuis lateralis (GL). Muscle thickness at the needle insertion site was significantly thinner in GL than GM. Accuracy of GL in the younger age group (<4y, 57.6%) was lower than in the older age group (≥4y, 78.1%). For GM, accuracy in both younger and older age groups was good (>90%).

Conclusions

Injection of the toxin into GCMs through the use of anatomic landmark was acceptable in GM, but not acceptable in GL, especially in young children.     

肉毒毒素A治疗痉挛型脑瘫探讨

目的 探讨肉毒毒素A(botulinum toxin A,BTX-A)在脑瘫康复治疗中的应用价值。方法 将47例痉挛型脑瘫儿童随机分为治疗组(32例)和对照组(15例)，两组均接受正规康复训练，治疗组辅以痉挛肌注射BTX-A，观察商组患儿的内收肌角与回常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)变化。结果 治疗3个月和6个月后，治疗组患儿的内收肌角、ADL改善精况明显优于对照组(P＜0．01)。结论 康复训练仍是有效的脑瘫治疗手段，BTX-A局部注射作为一种重要的输助方法，可为康复训练提供良好时机，两者结合可明显缩短疗程、提高疗效，在脑瘫康复治疗中具有应用价值。     

应用公式计算A型肉毒毒素剂量缓解脑瘫小腿三头肌痉挛的对照研究

目的探讨应用公式计算A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)使用剂量是否可以提高疗效、延长疗效持续时间。方法15例脑瘫患儿为试验组,按照公式计算BTX-A使用剂量进行缓解痉挛治疗。58例患儿作为对照组,按常规方法确定BTX-A剂量。结果治疗后,试验组患儿下肢功能提高的幅度大于对照组(P<0.05),疗效持续时间显著长于对照组(P<0.001)。结论应用公式计算BTX-A剂量可以提高疗效,延长疗效持续时间。