卡维地洛与美托洛尔治疗高原慢性充血性心力衰竭疗效的对比研究

目的 比较卡维地洛与美托洛尔治疗高原慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的疗效.方法 90例CHF患者随机分成3组:常规治疗组(20例)给予血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、利尿剂、地高辛等常规心力衰竭治疗.美托洛尔组(34例)、卡维地洛组(36例)在上述治疗基础上分别给予美托洛尔50 mg,2次/d;卡维地洛25 mg,2次/d口服.随访半年,治疗前、后采用超声心动图测定患者心功能并进行疗效观察.结果 治疗后美托洛尔组、卡维地洛组左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)[分别为(57.3±6.5)、(57.2±6.9)mm]和左心室收缩末期内径(LVSED)[分别为(46.6±7.0)、(44.0±6.9)mm]显著低于常规治疗组[分别为(64.7±9.1)、(53.4±9.8)mm],左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著高于常规治疗组[分别为(47.5±8.1)%、(52.9±8.5)%、(42.8±9.2)%](P均＜0.05).卡维地洛组LVEF改善优于美托洛尔组(P＜0.05).死亡情况:常规治疗组4例,美托洛尔组1例,卡维地洛组无死亡.美托洛尔组、卡维地洛组病死率均明显低于常规治疗组(P均＜0.05).结论 美托洛尔、卡维地洛均可明显改善高原CHF患者心功能.卡维地洛疗效及耐受性略优于美托洛尔.

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Objective To compare the effect of carvedilol and motoprolol on high altitude chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods Ninety patients with high altitude chronic CHF were divided into three groups randomly:Twenty patients in the regular treatment group treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) ,diuretics and digoxin; motoprolol (50 mg twice daily) was given in the motoprolol group( 34cases) additional to regular treatment; carvedilol (25 mg twice daily) was given in the carvedilol group(36cases ) additional to regular treatment. All the patients were followed up for six months and measured the changes of cardiac function by echocardiography. Results Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was ( 57. 3 ± 6. 5 ) mm and (57.2 ± 6. 9) mm in the carvedilol group and the motoprolol group respectively, and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) was (46. 6 ± 7.0) mm and (44. 0 ± 6. 9 ) mm in the carvedilol group and the motoprolol group respectively, which were all significantly smaller than that in the regular treatment group ([64.7 ±9. 1]mm and [53.4 ±9.8]mm for LVEDD and LVESD,respectively) (Ps ＜0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the carvedilol group and the motoprolol group ( [47.5 ± 8. 1] % and [52. 9 ±8.5] % ,respectively) was higher than that in regular treatment group( [42. 8 ±9. 2]% ) (Ps ＜0. 05).The improvement of LVEF in the carvedilol group was better than that in the motoprolol group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). One case died in the motoprolol group and no death in the carvedilol group,4 cases died in the regular treatment group,the mortality in the motoprolol group and the carvedilol group was significantly lower than that in the regular treatment group. Conclusion Carvedilol and motoprolol significantly improved cardiac function in high latitude CHF patients,and the effect of Carvedilol is slightly better than that of motoprolol.     

斑点追踪成像技术评价心室起博对左心室壁运动影响的实验研究

目的 应用斑点追踪成像技术(STI)观察评价心室起搏对左室室壁运动的影响.方法 7只成年猪在全麻成功后切开胸骨及心包,暴露出心脏.将起搏器电极放在心外膜上行左室或右室起搏,并在起搏前后采集左室中段短轴切面超声图像.用STI软件对图像进行环向应变分析并得出时间应变曲线.以QRS波作为心动周期的起点,分析起搏前后的心肌收缩起始时间、终止时间及收缩总时间占整个心动周期的比率,并了解左室壁各节段收缩协调情况.结果 与窦性心律相比,所有心室起搏心律的收缩起始时间、终止时间及收缩总时间占整个心动周期的比率均增大.心室起搏可导致室壁各节段运动明显不协调.当起搏心率＞130次/min时,在起搏心电图正常情况下,左室整体及部分节段在一个心动周期中出现一次以上的收缩或舒张运动,并出现在相邻的几个心动周期中收缩幅度变异性很大情况.结论 心室起搏可引起左室收缩延迟及时间延长,并可引起左室室壁各节段运动不协调.高频率心室起搏还可能引起左室室壁不规则运动.

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Objective To assess the change of left ventricular wall motion at ventricular pacing(VP)by using global circumferential strain (GCS) and segmental circumferential strain of speckle tracking imaging(STI). Methods Seven adult pigs were sedated,followed by median sternotomy and opening of the pericardium. Temporary pacing leads were placed on the right ventricular (RV) epicardium and LV epicardium for RV or LV pacing. A LV short axis view at the mid-level LV was acquired at sinus and VP rhythm. Analysis of circumferential strain by STI was performed offline. The onset of QRS wave was used to characterize the beginning of the cardiac cycle, and the ratio of beginning systolic time, end systolic time and total systolic time to cardiac cycle dyssynchrony was analyzed at sinus and VP rhythm. Results Compared with sinus rhythm,in VP rhythm all of the ratio of the beginning systolic time,end systolic time and total systolic time to cardiac cycle were increased (all P ＜0.05), and the construction of six segments were dyssynchrony,even segmental paradoxical movement. At VP ≥130 beats/min,both LV global and LV segments sometimes showed irregular motion while the EKG remained normal, which included: ( 1 ) multiple construction and diastole in one heart cycle; (2) A large variability of construction amplitude in several consecutive cardiac cycles. Conclusions VP can lead to several kinds of disturbance of left ventricular wall motion, including delay and lengthening of LV systole, dyssynchrony, and irregularity of systole and diastole.     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴心力衰竭患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期应用重组人B型钠尿肽的心肾保护效应

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on cardiac and renal functions in heart failure (HF) patients as a result of acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI) in peri-operative period of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with AAMI-HF were enrolled into this study.All patients undertaken pPCI were randomly assigned to the rhBNP group (n=62) or the control group(n=64).rhBNP or nitroglycerin was intravenously administered on the basis of conventional treatment from first day of admission to 24 hours after pPCI in both groups.Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), estimated lomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and heart function were observed.All patients were followed up for 30 days for the observation of main adverse cardiac events (MACE).Results The HR was significantly decreased compared with that at admission in rhBNP group, but such condition was not found in the control group.The SBP was reduced obviously in both groups.The plasma level of BNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were improved significantly at different time points compared with those before administration in both groups.The improvement of above parameters in rhBNP group was more significant than that in the control group[BNP (ng/L) 30 hours after pPCI: 303.5±128.4 vs.354.0± 133.6, 14 days after pPCI:157.8±78.6 vs.201.1±91.7; LVEF 1dayafter pPCI: 0.420±0.052 vs.0.378±0.055, 14 days after pPCI:0.444±0.050 vs.0.393±0.055, 30 days after pPCI: 0.469±0.053 vs.0.413±0.052; LVEDD (mm) 1 day after pPCI: 53.5±4.4 vs.57.6±4.4, 14 days after pPCI: 49.6±5.1 vs.53.4±4.6, 30 days after pPCI: 46.5±4.4 vs.50.2±4.8, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01].The eGFR was reduced obviously 1 day after pPCI than that at admission in both groups, and eGFR recovered to baseline 3 days after pPCI.The level of eGFR was significantly increased 7 days and 14 days after pPCI than that at admission, but there was no difference between rhBNP group and control group.The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy showed a lowering tendency in the rhBNP group than that in the control group[19.4% (12/62) vs.29.7% (19/64),P=0.178].The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was obviously lowered 7 days after pPCI in the rhBNP group than that in the control group[48.4% (30/62) vs.75.0% (48/64), P＜0.01].The rate of MACE was lower in rhBNP group than that in control group in 30 days[12.9% (8/62) vs.26.6% (17/64), P＜0.05].Conclusion Administration of rhBNP can effectively improve the heart function in AAMI-HF patients undergoing pPCI, and it lowered the incidence of MACE in 30 days, without influence on renal function, and it can reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy.     

The effect of allicin on the ventricular myocytes of rabbit with heart failure北大核心CSCD

Objective To observe the effect of allicin on the action potential duration (APD) and L-type calcium current (ICa, L) in the ventricular myocytes of rabbits with heart failure in order to explore the mechanisms of therapeutic effect of allicin on cardiac arrhythmias complicated with heart failure. Methods Forty-five New Zealand White male rabbits were randomly (random number) assigned to 3 groups (n=15 in each group): sham operated group (sham group), heart failure group (HF group), and heart failure treated with allicin group (HF+AU group). The rabbit heart failure model was established by abdominal aortic constriction coupled with aortic regurgitation, the ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzyme double digestion, and the whole cell clamp was used to record action potential and calcium current.The action potential duration (APD), ICa, L and gating mechanism were observed during heart failure and allicin administered. Data were processed with pCLAMP version 10.2. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. Comparisons among groups were carried out using ANOVA, and SNK-g was used for multiple comparison as post-hoc. Results (1) Prolonged APD was found during heart failure, APD50 was prolonged from (93.4±4.7) ms in sham group to (115.5±6.2) ms in HF group (P<0.01). After administration of allicin 30 umol/L, APD50 was shortened to (105.2±5.5) ms (P<0.05). (2) The density of ICa, L increased during heart failure, peak current density increased increased from (-8.4±0.6) pA/pF in sham group to (-15.1±1.1) pA/pF while 0 mV attained at depolarizations (P<0.01). After administration of allicin 30 μmol/L, the current density reduced to (-10.1±0.8) pA/pF (P<0.01). The effect of allicin presented in both voltage dependent and consentration dependent manner. (3) According to the gating mechanism study, the main mechanism of lowering the density of ICa, L by allicin after heart failure was the acceleration of the steady inactivation of the channel, and the de-escalation of the recovery kinetic after the inactivation of the channel. Conclusions Allcin can be used to reduce the calcium current of ventricular myocytes in animal heart failure model, it has the potential of clinical use in treating cardiac arrhythmias during heart failure. © 2018 Chinese Medical Association. All rights reserved.     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴心力衰竭患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期应用重组人B型钠尿肽的心肾保护效应

目的 评价急性前壁心肌梗死伴心力衰竭(AAMI-HF)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(pPCI)围手术期应用重组人B型钠尿肽(rhBNP)的心肾保护作用.方法 选择发病24 h内AAMI-HF患者126例,按随机数字表法分为rhBNP组(62例)和对照组(64例),均行PPCI治疗,并在常规药物治疗的基础上,分别给予持续静脉滴注rhBNP或硝酸甘油至术后24 h,监测治疗前后心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、B型钠尿肽(BNP)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、心脏功能改变,观察30 d内主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生率.结果 pPCI后rhBNP组HR显著下降,对照组降低不明显;两组SBP均显著下降.与给药前比较,两组pPCI后各时间点血浆BNP水平及左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)均明显改善,且rhBNP组优于对照组[BNP(ng/L)pPCI后30 h:303.5±128.4比354.0±133.6,pPCI后14 d:157.8±78.6比201.1±91.7;LVEF pPCI后1 d:0.420±0.052比0.378±0.055,pPCI后14 d:0.444±0.050比0.393±0.055,pPCI后30 d:0.469±0.053比0.413±0.052;LVEDD(mm)pPCI后1 d:53.5±4.4比57.6±4.4,pPCI后14 d:49.6±5.1比53.4±4.6,pPCI后30 d:46.5±4.4比50.2±4.8,P＜0.05或P＜0.01].两组pPCI后1 deGFR均出现下降,rhBNP组pPCI后3 d回升至用药前水平,两组pPCI后7 d、14 d eGFR水平显著高于用药前,但两组间无差异.rhBNP组造影剂肾病发生率较对照组有降低趋势[19.4%(12/62)比29.7%(19/64),P=0.178].pPCI后7 d内rhBNP组室性心律失常发生率显著低于对照组[48.4%(30/62)比75.0%(48/64),P＜0.01].30 d内rhBNP组MACE发生率显著低于对照组[12.9%(8/62)比26.6%(17/64),P＜0.05].结论 rhBNP可有效改善AAMI-HF-pPCI围手术期患者的心脏功能,降低30 d内MACE发生率;减少造影剂肾病的发生趋势.

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Objective To evaluate the protective effect of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on cardiac and renal functions in heart failure (HF) patients as a result of acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI) in peri-operative period of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with AAMI-HF were enrolled into this study.All patients undertaken pPCI were randomly assigned to the rhBNP group (n=62) or the control group(n=64).rhBNP or nitroglycerin was intravenously administered on the basis of conventional treatment from first day of admission to 24 hours after pPCI in both groups.Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), estimated lomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and heart function were observed.All patients were followed up for 30 days for the observation of main adverse cardiac events (MACE).Results The HR was significantly decreased compared with that at admission in rhBNP group, but such condition was not found in the control group.The SBP was reduced obviously in both groups.The plasma level of BNP, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were improved significantly at different time points compared with those before administration in both groups.The improvement of above parameters in rhBNP group was more significant than that in the control group[BNP (ng/L) 30 hours after pPCI: 303.5±128.4 vs.354.0± 133.6, 14 days after pPCI:157.8±78.6 vs.201.1±91.7; LVEF 1dayafter pPCI: 0.420±0.052 vs.0.378±0.055, 14 days after pPCI:0.444±0.050 vs.0.393±0.055, 30 days after pPCI: 0.469±0.053 vs.0.413±0.052; LVEDD (mm) 1 day after pPCI: 53.5±4.4 vs.57.6±4.4, 14 days after pPCI: 49.6±5.1 vs.53.4±4.6, 30 days after pPCI: 46.5±4.4 vs.50.2±4.8, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01].The eGFR was reduced obviously 1 day after pPCI than that at admission in both groups, and eGFR recovered to baseline 3 days after pPCI.The level of eGFR was significantly increased 7 days and 14 days after pPCI than that at admission, but there was no difference between rhBNP group and control group.The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy showed a lowering tendency in the rhBNP group than that in the control group[19.4% (12/62) vs.29.7% (19/64),P=0.178].The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was obviously lowered 7 days after pPCI in the rhBNP group than that in the control group[48.4% (30/62) vs.75.0% (48/64), P＜0.01].The rate of MACE was lower in rhBNP group than that in control group in 30 days[12.9% (8/62) vs.26.6% (17/64), P＜0.05].Conclusion Administration of rhBNP can effectively improve the heart function in AAMI-HF patients undergoing pPCI, and it lowered the incidence of MACE in 30 days, without influence on renal function, and it can reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy.     

老年急性心肌梗死不同时间窗溶栓效果的观察

Objective To compare the effect of thrombolytic therapy on acute myocardial patients when it is given at different times after the onset of heart attack symptoms. Methods A total of 120 patiens with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups;an early group and a late group. The early group were the pa-tients who had begun to receive the therapy less than 6 hours after the onset of their symptoms, and the late group were the patiens who had begun to receive the therapy more than 6 hours after the onset of their symptoms. In ac-cordance with standard thrombolytic therapy practice, urokinase 1500000U was administered intravenously. Re-suits 5 h group vascular recanalization rate, the mortality rate after four weeks, the incidence of serious heart failure, six months after the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were 71.67%, 3.33%, 6. 67%, (63± 8.1) % ; the delayed group vascular recanalization rate, mortality rate four weeks, the incidence of serious heart failure, LVEF after six months were 15.0% , 13.33%, 12.0% , (51.5±9.5) %. There was significant differ-ence between the two groups in this respect(P<0.01 ,P<0.05) ,but it should be noted that there was no sig-nificant difference in the rate of heamorrage between the two groups (P>0.05 ). Conclusion The<5 h group showed much better results. , not only both vascular recanalization rate and the LVEF were significantly higher than in the delayed group, but also the mortality rate after four weeks was much lower too.     

老年急性心肌梗死不同时间窗溶栓效果的观察

Objective To compare the effect of thrombolytic therapy on acute myocardial patients when it is given at different times after the onset of heart attack symptoms. Methods A total of 120 patiens with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups;an early group and a late group. The early group were the pa-tients who had begun to receive the therapy less than 6 hours after the onset of their symptoms, and the late group were the patiens who had begun to receive the therapy more than 6 hours after the onset of their symptoms. In ac-cordance with standard thrombolytic therapy practice, urokinase 1500000U was administered intravenously. Re-suits 5 h group vascular recanalization rate, the mortality rate after four weeks, the incidence of serious heart failure, six months after the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were 71.67%, 3.33%, 6. 67%, (63± 8.1) % ; the delayed group vascular recanalization rate, mortality rate four weeks, the incidence of serious heart failure, LVEF after six months were 15.0% , 13.33%, 12.0% , (51.5±9.5) %. There was significant differ-ence between the two groups in this respect(P<0.01 ,P<0.05) ,but it should be noted that there was no sig-nificant difference in the rate of heamorrage between the two groups (P>0.05 ). Conclusion The<5 h group showed much better results. , not only both vascular recanalization rate and the LVEF were significantly higher than in the delayed group, but also the mortality rate after four weeks was much lower too.     

快速型心房颤动患者静脉应用地尔硫卓和美托洛尔的疗效观察

Objective To compare the effectiveness between dilfiazem and metoprolol administered intra-venously on controlling the ventricular tachy-cardia in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Method From Jan-uaxy 2003 to July 2006, 48 AF patients in the Second Hospital, Jilin University, with a ventricular rate > 120 beats per minute and systolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg were enrolled and divided into dihiazem group (10 mg, Ⅳ, n = 24) or metoprolol group (5 mg, Ⅳ, n = 24). Blood pressure and heart rote were re-checked at different inter-vals of 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes,respectively. Successful treatment was defined as ventricular rate < 100 beat/ min or decrease > 20% of the pre-treatment level, or restoumtion of sinus rhythm. Results Compared with pre-treatment value, a significant deceleration in ventricular response to AF was observed after treatment in both groups at each interval (P < 0.01). However, the ventricular rate in the diltiazem group was significantly lower than that in the metoprolol group (P <0.05) at all intervals but 30 minutes. A slight decrease in blood pressure was ob-served in both groups. The drop of blood pressure between two groups was comparable. The successful treatment at the interval of 30 minutes was achieved in 91.7% of patients in dihiazem group and 83.3% of patients in metopro-lol group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both diltiazem (10 mg, Ⅳ) and metoproiol (5 mg, Ⅳ) are effective on con-trolling the accelerated ventricular response to AF, in particular, the effect of diltiazem seems much superior to ahat of metoprolol.     

影响老年充血性心力衰竭患者血清CA125的相关因素分析

目的 探讨老年冠心病慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清CA125水平与心功能等相关因素之间的关系.方法 测定178例老年冠心病CHF患者血清肿瘤标志物CA125、癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、CA199、CA15-3、CA724以及肝肾功能和N末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP);超声心动图测定二尖瓣舒张早期E峰最大流速(Ve)、舒张晚期A峰最大流速(Va)、Ve/Va、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室射血时间.所有患者根据NYHA分为Ⅰ+Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级3组;统计其胸腔积液、外周水肿、心房颤动的发生率.结果 (1)178例患者中血清CA125≤35 U/ml 91例,CA125中位数9.9(3.4～33.7)U/ml;＞35 U/ml 87例,中位数64.4(20.2～462.1)U/ml.CA125＞35 U/ml组NYHA心功能Ⅲ+Ⅳ级82例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ级5例;≤35 U/ml组Ⅲ+Ⅳ级7例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ级84例,组间心功能差异有统计学意义(x2=133.3,P＜0.001).CA125增高组胸腔积液、心房颤动、外周水肿的发生率高于CA125≤35 U/ml组[32.2%(28/87)、5.5%(5/91),51.7%(45/87)、9.9%(9/91),78.2%(68/87)、19.8%(18/91),P均＜0.01],NT-proBNP、LVESD、LVEF、左心室射血时间比较差异均有统计学意义[2524.0(104.0～19 308.0)、356.0(32.0～5201.1)ng/L,35(27～55)、32(26～53)mm,49%(23%～66%)、59%(42%～69%),268(210～312)、290(260～340)ms,P均＜0.05].(2)直线回归显示:血清CA125与血浆NT-proBNP、尿素氮呈正相关(r=0.3326、P=0.002,r=0.3430、P=0.002),与LVEF、左心室射血时间呈负相关(r=-0.3016、P=0.006,r=-0.3336、P=0.004).结论 老年冠心病CHF患者血清CA125随着心功能分级恶化而升高,并且与血浆NT-proBNP水平、LVEF、左心室射血时间以及有无胸腔积液、心房颤动、外周水肿等因素有关.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the association between serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and the heart function in the elderly with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods CA125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ,alpha-fetoprotein ( AFP), CA199, CA15-3, CA724, liver and kidney function and NT-proBNP were measured in 178 patients with heart failure. Ve, Va, Ve/Va, left ventricular end-diastolic diamete ( LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diamete ( LVESD ), left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and time were measured using echocardiograph. All patients were classified as Ⅰ + Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ level according to the criteria of New York Heart Assocation ( NYHA), and the incidence of pleural effusion, peripheral edema,atrial fibrillation were observed. Results Among the 178 patients,serum CA125 were ≤35 U/ml in 91 patients with median of 9.9( 3.4 - 33.7 ) U/ml, ＞ 35 U/ml in 87 patients with median of 64. 4 ( 20. 2 - 462. 1 ) U/ml.Among those patients with CA125 ＞ 35 U/ml ,heart function was classified as level Ⅲ + Ⅳ in 82 patients,and level Ⅰ + Ⅱ in 5 patients. Among the patients with CA125 ≤35 U/ml,heart function was classified as level Ⅲ + Ⅳin 7 patients,and level Ⅰ + Ⅱ in 84 patients. Heart function was significantly different between the two CA125 groups( x2= 133. 3 ,P ＜0. 001 ). The incidence of pleural effusion,atrial fibrillation ,peripheral edema in the higher CA125 group were 32. 2%, 51.7% and 78. 2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the normal CA 125 group ( 5.5 %, 9. 9% and 19. 8 %, repactively ) ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). NT-proBNP, LVESD,LVEF and time in the higher CA125 group were 2524. 0( 104.0 - 19 308. 0) ng/L,35 (27 -55) mm,49% (23%-66% ) and 268 (210 -312)ms, which were significantly differenct from those in the normal CA125 group [356.0 ( 32.0 - 5201.0) ng/L, 32 ( 26 - 53 ) mm, 59% ( 42% - 69% ) and 290 ( 260 - 340 ) ms, respectively](Ps ＜0. 05). The linear regression showed that serum CA125 was positively correlated with NT-ProBNP and urea nitrogen ( BUN ) ( r= 0. 3326 and 0. 3430, Ps= 0. 002 ) , as well as negtively correlated with LVEF and time (r= -0. 3016,P =0. 006;r = -0. 336,P =0. 004). Conclusion Serum CA125 in the elderly with congestive heart failure increased with the worsing of heart function, and correlated with the level of NT-proBNP, LVEF and time,as well as pleural effusion, atrial fibrillation, peripheral edema.     

Protective effects of TAK-242 against coronary microembolization in rat associated with involvement of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the role of TI.R4/NK-kB signaling pathway under the action of TAK-242 in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis after coronary micro-embolism (CME) in rats. Methods Forty- five rats were randomized (random number) into three groups: sham operation, CME and CME plus TAK- 242 groups (n = 15 per group). CME was induced by injecting polyethylene microspheres (42 p.m) into the left ventricle except the sham group. CME plus TAK-242 group was treated with TAK-242 (2 mg/kg) via the tail vein of mice 30 min before CME modeling. Cardiac function was evaluated 6 h after operation. Tissue biopsy was stained with HBFP to measure the size of infarction area. TUNEK assay was used to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Western blot and qPCR were used to evaluate the protein levels and mKNA expressions of TLR4, NF-kB p65 and cleaved caspase-3, resjjectively. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by LSD-/ test. Results Compared with the sham group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the CME group was significantly decreased [ (68.91 ± 4. 12) % vs. (84. 80 ± 2. 51 ) % , P<0. 05], and the infarction area (P<0. 05) , the apoptosis index [(3. 36 ± 0.63) % vs. (0.19 ± 0.08) %, P < 0.05 ], the mRN A expressions of TLR4, NF-kB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 in CME group were increased significantly (all P <0. 05). Compared with CME group, LVEF in the CME plus TAK-242 group was significantly improved [ (75. 58 ± 5. 01) % vs. (68. 91 ± 4. 12) % , P> < 0. 05 ], and the infarction area [ (8.58 ± 2. 12) % vs. (14.65 ± 4.23) % , P< 0.05], the apoptosis index [ (1. 43 ± 0. 51) % vs. (3. 36 ± 0. 63) % , P <0. 05], the mRN A expressions of TLR4, NF-kB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 in CME + TAK-242 group were decreased significantly (all P <0. 05). Conclusions TAK-242 effectively improved CME-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway and then reducing the cardiomyocyte apoptosis.     

右室不同部位起搏对左室重构及脑钠肽的影响

目的 比较右室流出道间隔部(RVS)与右室心尖部(RVA)起搏对左室重构及脑钠肽的影响.方法 60例具备起搏器植入指征的患者,随机分为RVA组与RVS组,分别于治疗前及治疗后6、12、24个月采血应用夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平,超声测量左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室舒张末期容积(INEDV)和左室射血分数(LVEF),观察2组患者起搏前后心室重构指标及BNP的变化.结果 RVA组起搏术后各个时间点BNP水平显著升高[术后6、12、24个月分别为(108.2±29.8)、(190.3±46.7)、(308.2±56.5)ng/L],与术前[(60.2±15.7)ng/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);RVS组起搏术后仅24个月时BNP水平较术前升高[(75.2±15.8)ng/L与(63.9±15.1)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).RVA起搏组随着起搏时间的延长,与术前相比,12个月时LVEDD、LVEDV增加,LVEF下降,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).而RVS组LVEDD无明显增大,LVEDV轻度增加,LVEF呈下降趋势,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 RVS起搏较RVA起搏能改善心肌重构,改善左室功能.减轻神经内分泌激活.     

DDD模式下右心室心尖部起搏与右心室流出道间隔部起搏的临床对比研究

目的 DDD模式下比较右心室心尖部（RVA）起搏与右心室流出道（RVOT）间隔部起搏对患者左心室重构及心功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月期间我院行永久起搏器（双腔DDD）植入治疗的患者219例,根据心室电极植入部位的不同分为A组（RVA起搏）、B组（RVOT起搏）,每组再根据患者术前左心室射血分数（LVEF）的不同分为两个亚组。调取患者12个月的随访资料,分析两组患者术后LVEF、左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）及起搏治疗前后各项起搏参数、起搏QRS波群时限和术后并发症等。结果两组在手术成功率、术后并发症等方面的比较无显著差异。术后12个月,A组起搏阈值、电极阻抗较术中均有回落,LVEF较术前降低,LAD、LVEDD较术前增大,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B组电极阻抗较术中有回落（P〈0.05）,起搏阈值、R波振幅与术中比较差异无统计学意义,LVEF、LAD、LVEDD与术前相比差异无统计学意义。B组的起搏QRS波群时限较A组显著缩短[（145.09±4.96）ms vs.（157.40±12.44）ms,P〈0.01]。对亚组进行分析发现：术前LVEF≥50%的患者,A、B两组仅LVEDD较术前有增大（P〈0.05）,LVEF和LAD与术前相比差异无统计学意义。术前LVEF〈50%的患者,A组患者的LVEF较术前降低,LAD、LVEDD较术前增大,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而B组患者的LVEF、LAD、LVEDD与术前比较差异无统计学意义。结论运用主动固定电极行RVOT起搏在临床应用中是安全、可行的。经过12个月的起搏治疗,对术前心功能不全的患者,RVOT起搏能提供接近生理性的心室激动顺序,维持心室肌电-机械活动同步化,对患者心功能的损害小;对术前心功能正常的患者,虽然RVOT起搏提供了更为协调的心室收缩,但在保护患者左心室收缩功能及阻止左心室重构方面并未显示出优于RVA起搏的证据。     

右心室起搏比例和不同部位起搏对老年患者心功能的影响

目的：探讨右心室起搏比例和不同部位起搏对老年患者心功能的影响。方法回顾性分析92例植入体内埋藏式双腔心脏起搏器（DDD）的老年患者的临床资料,根据术后1年起搏器程控仪获取的右心室起搏比例,将右心室起搏比例≥50%患者纳入A组,右心室起搏比例＜50%患者纳入B组,比较两组术前和术后1年彩色多普勒心脏超声的变化。同时,将A组分为右室心尖部（RVA）起搏者和右室间隔部（RVS）起搏者进行亚组分析。结果 A组术后1年左房内径（LAD）较术前增大,左室射血分数（LVEF）较术前和B组降低,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=2.43、4.20、6.37,P均＜0.05）;B组术后1年LAD、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、LVEF和术前比较,差异均无统计学意义（t分别=0.73、0.78、1.16,P均＞0.05）。亚组分析结果显示两亚组术前LAD、LVEDD、LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义（t分别=0.77、0.35、1.32,P均＞0.05）,两组术后LVEDD、LVEF比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=2.86、4.62,P均＜0.05）,RVS组术后LAD、LVEDD、LVEF与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义（t分别=1.45、0.14、0.48,P均＞0.05）;而RVA组术后LAD、LVEDD均较术前明显扩大,LVEF较术前明显下降（t分别=2.20、3.13、4.31,P均＜0.05）。结论老年患者中右室间隔部起搏与右室心尖部起搏相比更有利于保持患者心功能的稳定,但同时应尽量减少不必要的右心室起搏。     

右室起搏电极参数随诊及其对心功能的影响

目的通过比较右室间隔部起搏和右室心尖部起搏电极参数和心功能的变化趋势，选择更为有利的起搏方式。方法选取心尖部起搏21例和间隔部起搏21例，术时、12个月、24个月随诊，分别作心脏彩色多普勒超声检查，记录左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、起搏心电图测量Ⅱ导联QRS波时限、抽血查氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、起搏器程控仪记录阈值、阻抗、R波感知进行比较。结果间隔部组比心尖部组QRS时限和电极阻抗小，随起搏时间延长QRS时限、NT-proBNP、LVEDD增加、LVEF（％）下降，心尖部组表现较为明显。结论间隔部起搏QRS波较窄，LVEF（％）下降缓慢、LVEDD（mm）和NT-proBNP（pg／m1）升高缓慢，与心尖部起搏比较，心室同步性好、可延缓心功能减退，是右室起搏较好的选择部位。     

Atrial Bigeminy Results in Decreased Left Ventricular Function: An Insight into the Mechanism of PVC‐Induced Cardiomyopathy

Background: Premature ventricular complexes have been recently recognized as a reversible cause of cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this study was to determine if premature complexes independent of “dyssynchrony” resulted in increased left ventricular (LV) dimensions and decreased LV function. Methods: Ten mongrel dogs underwent the implantation of a pacemaker and were randomized to a control group (n = 5) or a paced group (n = 5). In the paced group, the pacemaker was connected to two endocardial atrial leads, one inserted into the atrial port and the other one into the ventricular port with an atrioventricular delay adjusted to ensure the presence of coupled pacing simulating atrial bigeminy with conducted beats in the absence of aberrancy. Echocardiographic parameters of LV size (LV end‐diastolic diameter [LV‐EDD], LV end‐systolic diameter [LV‐ESD]), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of monitoring (control group) or pacing (paced group). Results: In the control group, LV size decreased with no significant changes in LVEF: 55% at baseline versus 70% at 4 weeks (P = 0.23). In the paced group, LV‐EDD decreased with no significant change in LV‐ESD. Unlike the control group, LVEF decreased significantly from 69 ± 9% at baseline to 32 ± 22% after 4 weeks of pacing (P = 0.05). Conclusion: We have shown that 4 weeks of coupled pacing simulating atrial bigeminy significantly reduced LV function. Our findings suggest that premature complexes independent of ventricular dyssynchrony might lead to the development of cardiomyopathy. (PACE 2012; 35:1232–1235)     

Left ventricular dyssynchrony resulting from right ventricular apical pacing: relevance of baseline assessment

Objectives: Evaluation of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in patients undergoing short‐term right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing and correlation with baseline echocardiographic and clinical characteristics. Background: RVA pacing causes abnormal ventricular depolarization that may lead to mechanical LV dyssynchrony. The relationships between pacing‐induced LV dyssynchrony and baseline echocardiographic and clinical variables have not been fully clarified. Methods: Tissue Doppler echocardiography was performed in 153 patients before and after RVA pacing. LV dyssynchrony was measured by the time between the shortest and longest electromechanical delays in the five basal LV segments (intra‐LV). The prevalence and degree of LV dyssynchrony after RVA pacing was evaluated in three groups: baseline LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%, 35–55%, and ≥55%. The intrapatient effect of RVA pacing was determined as the percent increase in intra‐LV value (Δintra‐LV%). The pacing‐induced intra‐LV was correlated with baseline variables. Results: The prevalence and degree of LV dyssynchrony after RVA pacing was significantly higher in patients with lower LVEF (P < 0.001). ΔIntra‐LV% was inversely correlated with baseline intra‐LV and LVEF (B =?2.6, B =?4.2, P < 0.001). Baseline intra‐LV and LV end‐systolic volume correlated positively with intra‐LV after RVA pacing (B = 0.49, B = 0.6, P < 0.001), whereas LVEF showed an inverse correlation. Conclusions: The degree of LV dyssynchrony induced by RVA is variable. Patients with higher baseline LV dyssynchrony, more dilated LV, and more depressed LVEF showed a higher degree of LV dyssynchrony during pacing. These findings may assume importance in predicting the risk of heart failure in pacemaker patients.     

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Right Ventricular Pacing-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Background: It is not known whether patients with normal baseline left ventricular (LV) function who develop right ventricular (RV) pacing-induced cardiomyopathy as a result of dual-chamber pacing can benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We retrospectively assessed the effect of a CRT upgrade on RV pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.
Methods and Results: We reviewed the charts of patients who received a CRT device for RV pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. We assessed the effects of CRT on LV function, recovery, and other response parameters. From September 2005 through February 2009, 21 patients (13 men; aged 63 ± 9 years) underwent a treatment upgrade to a CRT system. Before the dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted, the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 53 ± 2.3%. After pacing, the LVEF was 31.2 ± 3.8%, the LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was 5.8 ± 0.5 cm, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were 426 ± 149 pg/mL. The duration of pacing before documentation of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy was 3.8 ± 1.5 months. All the patients had been on a stable medical regimen for at least 2 months. After the upgrade to CRT, the follow-up time was 4.9 ± 0.9 months. Sixteen patients (76%) reported a significant improvement in their symptoms. After the CRT upgrade, the LVEF increased to 37.4 ± 9.0% (P < 0.01 vs pre-CRT). The LVEDD decreased to 5.0 ± 1.0 cm (P = 0.03 vs pre-CRT), and BNP levels decreased to 139 ± 92 pg/mL (P = 0.08 vs pre-CRT).
Conclusion: A CRT upgrade is an effective treatment for RV pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and should be implemented as soon as the diagnosis is established. Unfortunately, about 24% of our patients did not respond to the upgrade. (PACE 2010; 37–40)     

心室起搏管理对病态窦房结综合征患者心功能的影响

目的：观察心室起搏管理（managed ventricular pacing,MVP）对病态窦房结综合征（sick sinus syndrome,SSS）患者心功能的影响.方法：42例植入具有MVP功能的双腔起搏器（Medtronic Adapta ADD01/ADDR01/ADDRL1）的SSS患者,先以双腔起搏（DDD/R）模式工作6个月,再程控为MVP模式工作6个月,统计两种模式下右心室起搏比例,并比较两种模式下患者心功能的变化.结果：在DDD/R模式下,平均右心室心尖部起搏比例达43.6％,左心室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）从（56.5±2.6）％下降至（54.1±3.0）％（P=0.001）,左心室舒张末期直径（left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD）从（49.6±2.6）mm升高至（51.4±2.4）mm（P=0.002）,B型利钠肽（B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP）从（77.0±16.2） pg/mL升高至（87.2±16.4） pg/mL（P=0.032）.在MVP模式下,平均右心室心尖部起搏比例仅为1.8％,LVEF从（54.1±3.0）％上升至（55.4±1.4）％（P=0.042）,LVEDD从（51.4±2.4）mm下降至（50.2±2.0）mm（P=0.016）,BNP从（87.2±16.4） pg/mL下降至（86.5±14.9） pg/mL（P=0.852）.另外,DDD/R模式下有4例患者发生阵发性心房颤动,而MVP模式下仅1例发生阵发性心房颤动,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.180）.结论：与DDD/R模式比较,MVP模式能显著减少右心室起搏比例,且对心功能有较好的保护作用.     

彩超对人工心脏起搏的血液动力学研究

目的　本文采用彩色多普勒超声心动图研究了心脏起搏前、后的血液动力学变化 ,以评价不同起搏模式血液动力学效应。方法　对 32例植入人工心脏起搏器的患者 ,采用 M型、二维及多普勒超声心动图检测了心室按需起搏 (VVI)不伴室房逆传 (A组 )和伴室房逆传 (B组 )及房室顺序起搏 (AVP) (C组 )的左心结构、左室的泵血功能、左室收缩及舒张功能指标。结果　 1 .心室起搏 (VP)不伴室房逆传和房室顺序起搏(AVP)组起搏后的心输出量 (CO)明显增加 (P<0 .0 5〉,而 VP伴室房逆传组则 CO增加不明显 (P>0 .0 5 )。心搏量 (SV)各组均呈下降趋势 ,VP伴室房逆传者下降更明显。但起搏后三组间比较无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;2 .VP后左室的收缩及舒张功能均有受损 ,而 AVP后主要损害左室的舒张功能 ,对左室收缩功能影响不明显 ;3.VP伴室房逆传者 ,起搏后血液动力学效应在三组间最差。结论　无论 VP还是 AVP起搏后由于心率的增加均可使CO增加 ,但对左室的功能均有不同程度的损害 ,VP伴室房逆传者最为明显 ,AVP损害程度三组间最轻。因此 ,AVP也并非真正的生理起搏器。临床上提倡埋植更接进生理状态的起搏器 (多部位心脏起搏 ) ,以保持良好的心功能状态     

Impact of Temporary Interruption of Right Ventricular Pacing for Heart Block on Left Ventricular Function and Dyssynchrony

Background: The increasing data suggest an association between chronic right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We sought to determine the effect of temporary interruption of long-term RV pacing on LV function and mechanical dyssynchrony in children and young adults with complete heart block.
Methods: Twelve patients aged 20.0 ± 7.4 years with congenital heart block (group I) and six patients aged 22.7 ± 11.0 years with surgically acquired heart block (group II) with RV pacing were studied. The pacing rate was reduced to less than patient's intrinsic heart rate and maintained for 5 minutes. The LV ejection fraction (EF), three-dimensional systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI), two-dimensional global longitudinal strain and strain rate, and Doppler-derived isovolumic acceleration before and after interruption of RV pacing were compared.
Results: The LVEF and GLS increased while QRS duration decreased after the pacing interruption in both the groups (all P < 0.05). While SDI decreased in both groups I (6.8 ± 2.3%– 3.8 ± 0.8%, P = 0.001) and II (9.2 ± 4.1 %– 5.0 ± 1.6%, P = 0.032), it remained higher in group II than in group I (P = 0.046) after the pacing interruption. The prevalence of LV dyssynchrony (SDI > 4.7%) decreased in group I (83 %– 25%, P = 0.006) but not in group II (67 %– 50%, P = 0.50). The %increase in LVEF correlated positively with %reduction of LV SDI (r = 0.80, P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Temporary interruption of chronic RV pacing acutely improves LV dyssynchrony and systolic function in children and young adults, the magnitude of which is greater in patients with congenital than those with surgically acquired heart block. (PACE 2010; 41–48)