登革2型病毒广东流行株结构蛋白基因序列测定及分析

目的 对广东省90年代以来流行的3株登革2型病毒(DEN2)的结构蛋白基因序列测定及分析，了解流行株之间的相互关系、变异及基因型：方法 应用RT-PCR技术扩增广东省不同年份流行的3株DEN2型病毒的结构蛋白基因(C、PrM、E基因)。分别克隆到pMD18T载体，转化JM109宿主菌，挑取阳性克隆进行鉴定及序列测定。结果 3株DEN2病毒结构蛋白基因序列长度均为2325bv，编码775个氨基酸。三者核苷酸(氨基酸)的同源性分别是：GD06／93与GD19／2001为96％(97％)、GD06／93与GD08／98为94％(97％)、GD08／98与GD19／2001为92％(94％)。其在相关毒力位点E383～385处均为GLU—PRO-GLY、E126处均为GLU。3株DEN2与国际参考株比较表明：GD06／93与GD19／2001和澳大利亚TSV01株共享序列非常接近，核苷酸(氨基酸)的同源性为98％(98％)；GD08／98与泰国株ThNH-P28／93核苷酸(氨基酸)同源性为98％(98％)。此3株DEN2二级结构与对乳鼠不致病的04株比较，主要差别位于其393～400氨基酸处，本室分离的3株对乳鼠致病毒株为EEEEHHHH，而04株为EEEE----；337～343处本室分离的3株对乳鼠致病毒株为HH-------HHHHH，而04株为--------HHHHE-，恰好位于Dengue病毒E基因的Ⅲ区：结论 GD06／93、GD19／2001与TSV01亲缘关系较近，属同一基因型。GD08／98与ThNH—P28／93共享序列非常接近，属同一基因型。3株DEN2病毒在E蛋白Ⅲ区结构有一定变异，可能与毒力有关。     

北京地区2000-2004年分离的呼吸道合胞病毒B亚型株G蛋白基因的序列分析

目的 了解近年来北京地区流行的B亚型呼吸道合胞病毒（BSV）G蛋白的基因特征。方法 2000年冬季至2004年冬季自首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院收集的急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道标本，从中分离到B亚型RSV毒株，每年随机选取1至2株毒株，用RT-PCR扩增其G蛋白全基因后克隆至pBS-T载体中，筛选出阳性克隆后测序，并与B亚型标准株（CH18537）和文献报道的毒株序列进行比较分析。结果 所测毒株G蛋白全基因核苷酸长度分别为915、921和981bp，推导的氨基酸长度分别为292、293、312和315从。分离株与B亚型标准株CH18537间存在着明显的差异，CH18537株同分离株间的核苷酸的同源性为91．9％～93．7％，氨基酸的同源性只有85．0％～89．0％。分离株间核苷酸的同源性为93．4％～98．8％，氨基酸的同源性为88．2％～98．6％。氨基酸的变异主要集中在胞外区一个高度保守区的两端，而胞内区和跨膜区相对保守。此外，在进行G蛋白基因分析的8株B亚型分离毒株中，我们发现有3株BSVG蛋白在490～495位核苷酸缺失，3株RSVG蛋白在c末端791位后出现了60个核苷酸的插入，导致C末端259位后出现20个氨基酸的插入。这60个核苷酸与相邻的前60个核苷酸高度重复，只出现3至4个核苷酸的差异。该3株分离株与文献报道的有60个核苷酸插入的两株（S00-4和BA4128／99B）核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为97．5％～98．6％和95．5～98．1％，在插入的20个氨基酸中，有高达50％（9～10个氨基酸）左右的丝氨酸和苏氨酸氧连接的糖基化位点。结论 RSVB亚型G蛋白基因变异存在着多样性，分离株既有核苷酸替代，又有基因缺失和插入，还有糖基化位点的改变和氨基酸长度的改变。这种变异使G蛋白高度糖基化，提示最终可能导致病毒抗原性的改变。北京分离的有60个核苷酸插入的变异株与日本及西班牙报道的变异株有非常近的亲缘关系，提示这种G蛋白基因中有60个核苷酸插入的B亚型变异株已经在子代病毒中形成稳定遗传并在世界范围内传播。     

四川省流行性乙型脑炎病毒优势基因型的研究

目的了解四川省乙脑主要流行区乙脑病毒的分子生物学特性,为防治提供依据。方法对2007-2010年间分离到的13株乙脑病毒进行PreM和E基因区扩增,采用MEGA5生物学软件完成氨基酸序列和病毒进化树分析。结果基因分型显示13株均属于基因I型。13株病毒之间比较,PreM基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性为97％-100％和98．7％-100％,E基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性为97．8％～99．9％和99．6％～100％,其同源性极高。13株病毒与2004年四川分离株比较E基因核苷酸同源性在97．7％～99．6％之间,氨基酸同源性在98．6％-100％之间;PreM基因的核苷酸同源性在96．2％-99．1％之间,氨基酸同源性在97．5％-98．7％之间;与疫苗株P3和SA14—14—2比较E基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为87．6％～88．3％和97％～97．8％;PreM基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为84．1％～85．8％和93．7％-96．2％。13株病毒E基因的8个氨基酸毒力位点均没有发生改变。结论四川省乙脑病毒已呈现基因I型为优势型别的态势,其PreM和E区核苷酸和氨基酸高度保守,关键的氨基酸毒力位点没有变化,提示目前使用的疫苗对流行株的感染具有保护作用。     

深圳5例肠道病毒71型手足口病病毒株遗传衍化分析

目的调查来源于2008年深圳5例EV71（Enterovirus71,EV71）型手足口病患者的5株肠道病毒71型的分子流行病学特点及其分子进化关系。方法通过病毒分离培养得到5株肠道病毒71型分离株,并对其进行全基因组核苷酸序：列测定,通过生物信息学软件分析,与既往其他国家地区分离株进行全基因序列分析比较,以及进化树分析。结果通过对VP1和VP4基因序列分析,5株病毒株均属于C4基因亚型。5株EV71分离株在全长核苷酸和氨基酸水平上差异都较小,其核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别高于93．0％和98．0％,进化树分析提示2008深圳分离株与2004深圳株同源性最为接近,与2008安徽阜阳流行株和1998深圳株亦相距很近,死亡病例株与2008安徽阜阳株距离同源性最近（同源性为99．1％和96％）。结论推测这起疫情是由同一个病毒传播链引起的,本次流行株可能系1998深圳株演变而来。     

陕西省2010-2012年柯萨奇病毒A组16型VP1基因特征分析

目的 对陕西省2010-2012年来源于手足口病（hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD）病例的科萨奇病毒A组16型（Coxsackievirus A16,CVA16）毒株的VP1基因特征进行分析,以阐明其分子流行病学特征.方法 利用特异性引物对分离鉴定为CVA16的21株病毒进行VP1编码区扩增.对阳性产物进行序列测定,并用MEGA软件进行序列的生物信息学分析.结果 根据亲缘性分析,本研究的CVA16分别属于B1a和B1b基因亚型,其中仅2011年分离自宝鸡市的10株属于B1a基因亚型,分离自其他4个地市的11株则属于B1b基因亚型.B1a和B1b基因亚型内核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.9％ ～100％和92.93％ ～ 100％.不同基因亚型毒株间核苷酸序列差异为8.43％～9.45％.结论 2010-2012年,属于B1a和B1b基因亚型的CVA16在陕西省共同循环,其中B1b基因亚型流行范围较广,可能为陕西省的优势亚型.     

烟台沿海地区人源和猪源戊型肝炎病毒基因型别的研究

目的调查烟台市沿海地区人源与猪源戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型别的相关性。方法应用逆转录一巢式聚合酶联反应（RT—nPcR）方法对当地急性散发戊型肝炎患者、正常人群中抗HEV-IgM阳性者和当地养猪场的猪进行HEVRNA检测,并对HEVRNA阳性标本进行克隆测序和序列分析。结果16例急性散发戊型肝炎患者中有7例粪便标本HEVRNA阳性;51份IgM阳性正常人群血清标本中有1份HEVRNA阳性;34份猪胆汁标本中有1份HEVRNA阳性。序列分析发现该地区HEV人株与猪株在ORF2部分区域的核苷酸序列同源性为87％～98．1％。7株患者的戊肝病毒基因型和1株猪的戊肝病毒基因型均为Ⅳ型,基因序列同源性在87％～98．1％之间;其中有6例患者和猪的基因序列同源性在93．9％～98．1％之间,为Ⅳ型a亚型;1例患者和猪的基因序列同源性为87％,为Ⅳ型d亚型。正常人群的1例戊肝病毒基因型为Ⅰ型d亚型。该地区人与猪HEV的ORF2的部分基因片段与HEVⅠ～Ⅳ型的代表株进行比较,核苷酸序列同源性分别是82．5％～100％,81．7％～92．9％,81．4％～93．9％,84．9％～100％。结论该地区人群中流行的HEV存在2个基因型3个亚型,主要以基因Ⅳa型为主,与猪群中流行的HEV基因Ⅳa型同源性较高;HEVI型在人群中散在存在。     

中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VPl区基因特点分析

目的分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VPl区基因特点。方法收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构一非结构蛋白VP3-VPl-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点。结果42株HAV病毒株在VPl-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89．1％～100％和97．3％～100％;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VPl区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87．6％～100％和98．8％～100％。VPl-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3．VPl区的核苷酸同源性为98．4％～100％,0～2个氨基酸位点不同。本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异。结论42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型。本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3．VPl区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异。VPl-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VPl区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守。     

7株TT病毒部分核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析

目的 了解TT病毒（Transfusion transmitted virus,TTV）在我国的流行情况,研究我国TTV株序列特点。方法 采用半巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增TTVDNA,PCR阳性扩增产物直接测序。结果 我国7例TTVDNA株部分序列与日本株相比,核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为64．7％－98．4％及62．7％－96．4％;7株间的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为63．5％－98．4％及60．2％－96．4％,分别属于两种型及其中一型中的两种亚型。结论 我国存在TTV并可能存在多种TTV基因型。     

广州市2006年Ⅰ型登革病毒流行株E基因序列分析

目的测定广州市2006年Ⅰ型登革病毒流行株的E基因序列并进行分析。方法收集广州市2006年登革热患者急性期血清,用C6／36细胞培养分离登革病毒,RT-PCR法扩增全长E基因,测定序列并绘制系统发生树,进行生物信息学分析。结果59份标本中38份病毒分离培养阳性,获得广州市2006年Ⅰ型登革病毒流行株GZ2006／1707的E基因序列,其同源性与东南亚缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨等地的流行株接近,但与广州市2002年Ⅰ型登革病毒流行株GZ2002／281较远。结论广州市2006年流行的登革病毒属输入性,但与2002年流行的登革病毒有不同的输入源。     

广东登革Ⅰ型病毒株变异性的初步研究

Objective　To study the variation of Guangdong dengue-1 virus strains. Methods　Partial nucleotide fragments in E/NS1 gene junction of 2 degue-1 isolates(LD-25, LD-26) and 1 positive sera sample (95-142) of Guangdong province collected in different years, were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The 240bp sequences of the above-mentioned fragments were compared with those of other well-characterized dengue-1 strains. A divergence of 6% between the nucleotide sequences was taken as an indication for dengue virus subtype classification. Results　LD-25 and LD-36 or 95-142 may belong to two different subtypes. Dengue strains of LD-25 (1985), Thai(1980) and Taiwan of China(1987,1988) could fall into the same subtype in the light of their sequence homology ranging from 97.1% to 98.8%. The sequence homology among LD-36(1991), 95-142(1995), Philippine(1988) and three other dengue-1 virus strains ranged from 97.5% to 100%, indicating that they belonged to another subtype of dengue virus. Possible source of infection of these dengue virus strains is discussed. Conclusion　Guangdong dengue viruses may have not only one source.     

Identification of a recombinant dengue virus type 1 with 3 recombination regions in natural populations in Guangdong province,China

Using recombination analysis, we identified a recombinant dengue virus type 1 strain, namely, GD23/95, with three recombination regions, located within the sequences of the prM/E junction, NS1, and NS3, respectively. The recombinant dengue virus was further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis based on its recombination and non-recombination regions. This appears to be the first study to confirm the existence of three recombination regions in a single dengue virus isolate and to report recombination between parent virus strains isolated from the same geographic area (Guangdong province, China). It is also the first to report breakpoints within the NS3 gene of dengue viruses.     

Presence of Newcastle disease viruses of sub-genotypes Vc and VIn in backyard chickens and in apparently healthy wild birds from Mexico in 2017

Virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) have been present in Mexico since 1946, and recently, multiple outbreaks have been reported in the country. Here, we characterized eleven NDV isolated from apparently healthy wild birds and backyard chickens in three different locations of Jalisco, Mexico in 2017. Total RNA from NDV was reverse-transcribed, and 1285 nucleotides, which includes 3/4 of the fusion gene, was amplified and sequenced using a long-read MinION sequencing method. The sequences were 99.99–100% identical to the corresponding region obtained using the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis using MinION sequences demonstrated that nine virulent NDV from wild birds belonged to sub-genotypes Vc and VIn, and two backyard chicken isolates were of sub-genotype Vc. The sub-genotype Vc viruses had nucleotide sequence identity that ranged from 97.7 to 98% to a virus of the same sub-genotype isolated from a chicken in Mexico in 2010. Three viruses from pigeons had 96.3–98.7% nucleotide identity to sub-genotype VIn pigeon viruses, commonly referred to as pigeon paramyxovirus, isolated in the USA during 2000–2016. This study demonstrates that viruses of sub-genotype Vc are still present in Mexico, and the detection of this sub-genotype in both chickens and wild birds suggests that transmission among these species may represent a biosecurity risk. This is the first detection and complete genome sequencing of genotype VI NDV from Mexico. In addition, the utilization of an optimized long-read sequencing method for rapid virulence and genotype identification using the Oxford nanopore MinION system is demonstrated.

     

甲1型流感病毒新分离株HA基因的序列分析

目的 研究新分离的H1N1亚型流感病毒株的HA1基因序列。方法 甲型流感病毒通过鸡胚增殖后提取RNA、逆转录合成cDNA,经PCR扩增和产物纯化构建重组质粒,用双脱氧链终止法进行核苷酸序列测定;并进行基因特性分析。结果 新分离到的3株流感病毒株（H1N1）HA1区基因长度为981bp,编码327个氨基酸;与A/桂防/10/94和A/Bayern/07/95（H1N1）标准株比较其同源性分别为92.8%和91.3%,丢失了第130位氨基酸和304位糖基化位点;新分离的3株甲型流感病毒（H1地）标准株比较其同源性分别为92.8%和91.3%,丢失了第130位氨基酸和304位糖基化位点,新分离的3株甲型流感病毒株（H1N1）HA1区氨基酸同源性高达98%;A/桂防/10/94和A/Bayern/07/95(H1N1)毒株HN1氨基酸的同源性高达96%。结论 新分离到的3株H1N1毒株HA编码氨基酸不同于A/Baydrn/07/95(H1N1)和A/桂防/10/94（H1N1）标准株,它们可能为新的甲型流感病毒变异性。     

甲型流感病毒（N1N2）亚型毒株血凝素和神经氨酸酶基 …

目的 研究新分离到的Ｈ１Ｎ２亚型毒株血凝素（ＨＡ）和神经氨酸酶（ＮＡ）基因的来源。方法 病毒通过鸡胚增殖后提取其ＲＮＡ,通过逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,经ＰＣＲ扩增和产物纯化,用双脱氧链终止法进行核苷酸序列测定,并用ＭｅｇＡｌｉｇｎ（１．０３版）和Ｅｄｉｔｓｅｑ（３．６９版）软件进行种系发生学分析。结果 新分离到Ｈ１Ｎ２毒株ＨＡ１区氨基酸序列与Ａ／ＰＲ／８／３４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）和Ａ／Ｇｕａｍｇｄｏｎｇ／６／９     

Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the nonstructural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, Jamaica genotype: comparative analysis of the full-length genome

The sequence of the 5'-end of the genome of dengue 2 (Jamaica genotype) virus has been previously reported (V. Deubel, R. M. Kinney, and D. W. Trent, 1986, Virology 155, 365-377). We have now cloned and sequenced the remaining 75% of the genomic RNA that encodes the nonstructural proteins. The complete genome is 10,723 bases in length with a single open reading frame extending from nucleotides 97 to 10,269 encoding 3391 amino acids. The 3'-noncoding extremity presents a stem- and loop-structure and contains a repeated oligonucleotide sequence. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of dengue 2 viruses of different topotypes reveal 90-95% similarity, with 64-66% similarity evident between dengue viruses of different serotypes. The amino acid sequence of the polyprotein of dengue 2 Jamaica virus shows 97, 68, 50, and 44% similarity with those of other dengue 2, dengue 1, or dengue 4, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses, respectively. Despite amino acid sequence divergence, the hydrophobic profile of the flavivirus proteins is highly conserved. Proteins NS1, NS3, and NS5 are the most conserved. Conserved amino acid stretches present in all flavivirus proteins may be involved in common essential biological functions.     

Hepatitis A in Tunisia: phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus from 2001 to 2004

Tunisia is a highly endemic area for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. In the present study, the phylogenetic characterization of the VP1 gene (882 nucleotides) and of the VP1/2A junction (336 nucleotides) of Tunisian strains were examined. One hundred strains isolated from patient with anti-HAV IgM from 2001 to 2004 were amplified by RT-PCR, sequenced at the VP1 and at the VP1/2A junction and aligned with the published sequences to establish phylogenetic analysis. All Tunisian strains belong to genotype I with a greater presence of sub-genotype IA (98%) originate from most of Tunisian regions and 2% of sub-genotype IB. In addition, sub-genotype IA and IB strains formed 25 different clusters. Genetically similar strains were also identified between 2001 and 2004 isolated from the southern and the central part of Tunisia, suggesting that an indigenous strain has been circulating in the Tunisia. The genetic profile of the VP1 region showed that Tun159-02 and Tun40-03 clustered respectively in the IB and IA sub-genotype, however, analysis of VP1/2A junction revealed in contrast that Tun159-02 and Tun40-03 clustered respectively in IA and IB. This is the first report to identify sub-genotype IA in Tunisia and provides new data on the genetic relatedness of HAV from Tunisia and the distribution of sub-genotype IA in this part of the world.