地塞米松前体药结肠定位释放的药代动力学

为了探讨以葡聚糖 (平均分子质量 2 0 0 0 0 )为载体合成的地塞米松前体药物在大鼠胃肠道内的转运及活性药物的释放情况 ,以 5 μmol· kg- 1地塞米松给大鼠 ig,采用高效液相色谱法监测该前体药物在大鼠胃肠道不同部位释放出地塞米松的情况及血药浓度变化 ,并与地塞米松相对比较 .结果表明 ,地塞米松前体药物 ig后 ,地塞米松主要集中在盲肠和结肠内释放 ,吸收显著减少 .其血浆药峰浓度为 110 μg· L- 1 ,达峰时间 6 .3h.而地塞米松 ig后 ,其大量出现在胃 ,小肠近端及远端内容物中 ,并被迅速吸收入血 ,其血浆药峰浓度高达 2 .12 mg· L- 1 …     

地塞米松前体药在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的: 探讨地塞米松 葡聚糖 (平均Mr76 000)前体药在大鼠体内的药代动力学.方法: 地塞米松 (dexamethason,Dex)及其前体药按 5μmol/kg给大鼠ig,采用高效液相色谱法监测前体药在大鼠胃肠道不同部位释放出Dex的动力学过程及血药浓度.结果: Dex前体药ig后,Dex主要分布在盲肠和结肠内容物及黏膜中,在胃及小肠近端的内容物中检测不到药物释放,Dex吸收缓慢,tpeak为 6 2h,血浆药物峰浓度Cmax为 149μg/L,AUC为 1364μg/(h·L).Dexig后,药物主要分布在胃、小肠近端及小肠远端内容物及黏膜中,药物吸收迅速,tpeak为 2 2h,血浆药物峰浓度Cmax为 2120μg/L,AUC为11 875μg/(h·L).结论: Dex 葡聚糖前体药可将Dex转运到盲肠和结肠,显著减少了Dex的吸收,提高了结肠局部药物浓度,是一种具有良好应用前景的治疗炎症性肠病的药物.     

不同分子质量强的松龙-葡聚糖连接物的体外靶向释药

目的：筛选具有结肠靶向释药特性的强的松龙-葡聚糖连接物，探讨葡聚糖分子量对强的松龙-葡聚糖连接物体外靶向释药的影响．方法：将不同分子质量强的松龙-葡聚糖连接物与大鼠胃肠道不同部位内容物稀释液共同孵育，采用高效液相色谱法检测强的松龙及强的松龙琥珀酸单酯的释放．结果：在160min的孵育过程中PLD2，PLD50在结肠及盲肠内容物中释放出强的松龙(包括强的松龙琥珀酸单酯)的总量分别是其在小肠近端及小肠远端内容物中释放总量的1．5和1．2倍；PLD7．6，PLD26在结肠及盲肠内容物中释放出强的松龙(包括强的松龙琥珀酸单酯)的总量分别是其在小肠近端及小肠远端内容物中释放总量的0．30和0．37倍．结论：葡聚糖分子质量对强的松龙一葡聚糖连接物的体外释药有明显影响，PLD2，PLD50具有结肠定位释放潜力．     

泼尼松龙前体药物的结肠定位研究

目的　探讨以葡聚糖为载体的泼尼松龙前体药物在大鼠体内是否具结肠定位性 .方法　将前体药物按 30 μmol· kg- 1的剂量给大鼠灌胃 ,用 HPL C检测大鼠胃肠道不同部位内容物中 ,药物浓度的变化以及血药浓度变化 ,并与游离泼尼松龙作比较 .结果　前体药物主要是在盲肠和结肠释放出泼尼龙和泼尼松龙半酯 ,而游离泼尼松龙主要是在上消化道释放药物 ,前体药物的血药浓度比游离泼尼松龙低 ,且达峰时间晚 .结论　泼尼松龙前体药物具一定结肠定位性 ,有可能为一种具有应用前景的结肠炎治疗药物泼尼松龙前体药物的结肠定位研究@周瑾 @梅其炳 …     

强的松龙.葡聚糖连接物在大鼠胃肠道内容物中的水解

观察强的松龙．葡聚糖连接物的结肠定向释放特性。方法通过将所合成的强的松龙．葡聚糖连接珠与大鼠胃肠道不同部位内容物稀释液一起孵育,观察强的松龙的释放情况。结果在１６０ｍｉｎ的卵育过程中,强的松龙．葡聚糖连接物的在胃肠道上部内容物中水解释放出少量强的松龙及强的椴龙琥珀酸半酯,最在释放量小于３μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１;而在胃肠道下部内容物中水解释放出大量强的松龙及强的松龙琥珀酸半酯最大释放量为１４μｍｏｌ．Ｌ     

夏枯草有效部位结肠定位片大鼠体内评价

目的:考察夏枯草有效部位结肠靶向片剂与普通片剂体内药物组织分布的不同,评价该制剂的结肠定位性。方法:选择大鼠为实验对象,分别给予夏枯草有效部位结肠定位片剂及普通片剂,不同时间点分批处死大鼠,HPLC法测定大鼠胃、小肠上段、小肠中段、小肠下段、盲肠及结肠内容物中迷迭香酸的浓度,即采用测定药物组织分布浓度的方法比较结肠定位片剂与普通片剂在大鼠胃肠道各段分布。结果:夏枯草有效部位结肠定位片组大鼠口服给药后在大鼠胃和近端小肠不释放,进入小肠后,肠溶衣膜逐渐溶解,4 h左右于大鼠远端小肠开始释放药物,4~6 h在盲肠和结肠内大量释药,结肠组织中迷迭香酸的Cmax是普通组的3.6倍。结论:夏枯草有效部位结肠定位片组迷迭香酸在大鼠结肠组织中具有较高的分布量,具有结肠定位给药系统的释药特点。     

地塞米松羧甲基魔芋胶小丸的大鼠体内释药探讨

目的研究地塞米松羧甲基魔芋胶小丸体内释药情况,评价其结肠定位释药特性。方法以地塞米松羧甲基纤维素钠混悬液为对照,将地塞米松羧甲基魔芋胶小丸大鼠灌胃给药(以地塞米松量计,给药剂量为10mg/kg),采用HPLC法测定大鼠体内血药浓度经时变化和粪便排泄物中药物量经时变化,计算制剂在结肠内容物的相对靶向释药指数。结果与对照组相比,小丸组血药浓度存在1h时滞,Tmax由4h延至8h,Cmax由(6.46±0.92)mg/L明显降低为(1.33±0.36)mg/L,P<0.01;AUC0→24由(70.72±9.62)mg.L-1.h-1明显降低为(15.82±4.01)mg.L-1.h-1,P<0.01;粪便中排泄药物量由(29.20±5.77)μg明显提高为(198.2±38.07)μg,P<0.01;小丸组在大鼠结肠内容物的药物相对靶向释药指数为30.34。结论地塞米松羧甲基魔芋胶小丸具有结肠定位释药特性。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对大鼠小肠收缩活动的影响及机制探讨

用器官浴槽孵育大鼠小肠肌观察绞股蓝总皂甙(Gyponoaieles，Gp)对大鼠小肠收缩的效应及其作用机制。结果：(1)Gp明显抑制小肠收缩的幅度和张力，在剂量为3．5×10^-11～14×10^-11g·L^-1范围内呈剂量效应关系。GP10．5×10^-11g·L^-1时，使小肠收缩幅度降低(81．4±10．1)％,收缩张力降低(70．0±16．9)%，与生理盐水组比较。P均<0．001。(2)肾上腺素能受体阻断剂酚妥拉明、心得安对GP抑制小肠收缩活动效应无影响(P>0．05)．(3)GP预孵育后，乙酰胆碱不再引起小肠收缩张力增加。提示GP可能是通过抑制肠内胆碱能系统而抑制小肠收缩活动的。     

大鼠口服盐酸小檗碱结肠定位片后胃肠道组织分布研究

目的 研究大鼠口服pH-酶触型盐酸小檗碱结肠定位片后药物在胃肠道组织中浓度变化,评价其结肠定位释药特性.方法 pH-酶触型盐酸小檗碱结肠定位片(直径3 mm)经大鼠灌胃给药后,于各时间点将大鼠处死,取出胃肠道组织,清洗后匀浆,以巴马汀为内标,HPLC法分别测定大鼠各段胃肠道组织中盐酸小檗碱的含量.色谱条件为Diamonsil C18色谱柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:乙腈-0.033 moL/L KH2PO4(28:72),H3PO4调pH 3;流速:1 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长:345 nm.结果 盐酸小檗碱在胃肠道组织的线性范围为0.05～10.00 mg/L,线性关系良好(r＞0.999),日内和日间精密度分别小于(10.1±1.5)%和7.9%,方法回收率合格.大鼠口服给药后,药物在胃和小肠中上部不释放,在小肠下部、盲肠、结肠部位释放.结论 pH-酶触型盐酸小檗碱结肠定位片具有较好的结肠定位释药特性.     

pH依赖-时滞型5-FU微丸大鼠结肠定位释药研究

目的 验证pH依赖-时滞型5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）微丸结肠定位释放效果。方法 大鼠灌胃pH依赖-时滞型5-FU微丸,于不同时间取出大鼠消化道不同部位的微丸,通过扫描电镜观察微丸表面形态,采用UV法测定微丸中5-FU的含量,采用HPLC法测定大鼠结肠内容物中5-FU的含量,考察微丸在消化道内不同部位、不同时间的释药性。结果 大鼠口服pH依赖-时滞型5-FU微丸后,在进入盲肠之前,从上消化道中解剖得到的微丸含量均大于95%;5～16h在结肠内容物中可检测到5-FU,其含量最高可达到给药剂量的84.26%。结论 pH依赖-时滞型包衣微丸提高了结肠局部的药物浓度,实现了5-FU口服结肠定位的效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.