心包腔穿刺中心静脉导管置管引流治疗心包积液84例临床疗效观察

目的 评价B超定位下心包腔穿刺中心静脉导管置管持续引流治疗心包积液的临床疗效及安全性.方法 84例患者均在B超定位下,在心尖部或剑突下进行心包腔穿刺,置入中心静脉导管持续引流,观察患者的液体引流及临床情况.结果 全部病例均安全置管引流,临床症状明显改善,流管时间3～18d,平均6d,所有患者术中、术后未发生并发症.结论 在B超定位下,经皮心包腔穿刺中心静脉导管置管持续引流治疗心包积液,是一种安全有效的临床治疗方法.     

超声实时引导心包积液穿刺引流方法的研究

目的 观察超声引导心包积液穿刺引流的有效性和安全性.方法 超声实时引导下对113例心包积液患者进行122次心包穿刺.结果 122例次心包穿刺1次穿刺或置管成功率100%,未发生穿刺或置管相关并发症.结论 超声实时引导下进行心包穿刺引流,是有效和安全的方法.     

大量心包积液行心包穿刺置管10例分析

目的:探讨超声引导下心包穿刺置管的临床应用。方法:1%利多卡因局麻后经心尖区穿刺置入中心静脉导管引流。结果:10例大量心包积液患者均1次穿刺置管成功,未发生感染及严重并发症。结论:超声引导下心包穿刺置管术较传统心包穿刺安全、有效,便于在基层开展。     

CT导引下心包积液一次性置管抽吸引流法分析

目的 分析CT导引下对心包积液一次性置管抽吸引流方法的应用价值和推广价值。方法 使用一次性留置静脉针在CT导引下通过12例心包积液进行一次性置管抽吸引流回顾性分析,其中有8例B超导引穿刺失败,4例直接行CT导引下穿刺。结果 12例心包积液中,肿瘤转移性6例,结核性3例,风心病心衰,围产期心肌病、甲状腺机能减退致心包积液各1例,穿刺成功率为100%。结论 CT导引下对心包积液穿刺一次性置管抽吸引流是一种准确、安全、成功率高、操作简便、无菌操作程度高的可靠方法。     

超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液患者的临床效果

目的探讨超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液患者的临床效果。方法选择2017年5月至2018年1月于医院就诊的80例心包积液患者,均实行超声引导下穿刺置管引流,比较治疗前后的左心室收缩功能及心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)。结果80例患者行超声引导下穿刺置管引流后,治疗总有效率为93.75%;引流后,患者的左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室缩短率(LVFS)、SaO2、SBP均高于引流前,HR低于引流前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液患者的疗效良好,可增强患者的左心室收缩功能,改善HR、SaO2、SBP,促进患者康复。     

经皮心包穿刺置管引流大量心包积液21例

目的:探讨经皮心包穿刺置管引流大量心包积液的可行性、安全性.方法:分析1999年3月～2004年3月收治的21例大量心包积液临床资料.结果:21例患者均一次引流成功,病因分析;心包转移瘤(8例)、结核性心包炎(5例)、甲状腺功能减退症(2例)、系统性红斑狼疮(1例)、尿毒症(2例)、不明原因(3例).结论:经皮心包穿刺置管引流大量心包积液的可行、安全.     

心包穿刺置管引流术治疗大量心包积液的效果比较

目的评价心包穿刺置管引流术治疗大量心包积液的疗效和安全性。方法36例大量心包积液病人随机分为两组,心包穿刺置管引流组(导管组)20例,传统心包穿刺抽液组(抽液组)16例,比较两组并发症的发生率,心包积液引流量、积液吸收时间、住院日。结果导管组与抽液组相比,并发症明显减少(p<0·01),心包积液引流量明显增多,心包积液吸收时间、住院日均明显缩短(p<0·01)。结论心包穿刺置管引流并发症少,症状改善快,可缩短住院日及减少住院费用,疗效和安全性优于传统穿刺抽液。     

心包腔置管引流的临床应用2例报告

心包穿刺是一项有危险的操作技术,在临床上,大量心包积液较常见,需反复多次心包穿刺抽液,并发症时有发生,本文根据我科2例大量心包积液实例,介绍心包腔置管引流的具体方法及优、缺点.     

应用Seldinger导管法穿刺引流心包积液的临床应用分析

目的：探讨经中心静脉导管穿刺引流心包积液的临床疗效。方法：应用seldinger导管法留置中心静脉置管至心包腔内可多次引流并利用置管进行病因治疗及协助明确诊断。结果：38例患者均成功置管引流积液,无严蘑并发症发生。结论：经中心静脉导管穿刺引流心包积液的方法治疗效果理想,可进行临床推广。     

心包穿刺引流部位与安全性及引流程度关系的探讨

目的探讨心包穿刺引流部位与安全性和引流程度的关系。方法对46例中等量以上心包积液患者,11例选取左肋缘与剑突左缘交角下1cm为穿刺点;28例选取左侧第4肋间距胸骨左缘1～2cm处为穿刺点;7例选取左侧第4肋间心浊音界内侧1～2cm为穿刺点,留置引流导管直至积液消失。结果46例患者均一次穿刺、置管成功,无相关并发症;选取左侧第4肋间距胸骨左缘1～2cm处为穿刺点时进针深度最小;引流导管位于心包底部几率最高;采用反复抽送导引钢丝的方法能有效区分穿刺针是在心包腔内还是心腔内。结论选取左侧第4肋间距胸骨左缘1～2cm行心包穿刺置管引流术操作简便,安全、有效;采用多种预防措施可有效减少相关并发症的发生。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.