基于二次插值教学优化的化工动态参数估计方法

动态参数估计问题的有效求解对于化工过程精确建模具有重要意义。针对动态参数估计问题,通过将二次插值算子引入到教学优化（TLBO）算法来加强其局部搜索能力,提出了二次插值教学优化（TLBO-QI）算法。此外,将TLBO-QI用于3个化工过程动态参数估计问题的求解,并与TLBO、蜂群优化以及粒子群优化进行了对比,计算结果表明了TLBO-QI可以获取精度更好的解。     

改进的多目标混合整数优化算法及其在蒸汽动力系统优化中的应用

为了提高多目标粒子群算法（MOPSO）的收敛性和多样性,以及增加多目标粒子群算法的适用范围,提出了一种ε约束处理混合三点随机Gbest选择多目标粒子群（ε-TMOPSO）算法。采用一种全新的三点随机Gbest选择机制,用粒子与档案集中非支配解的欧氏距离最近、最远以及处于中间位置的3个粒子构建一个备选池,然后随机选择一个粒子作为Gbest,提高算法的收敛性和多样性;采用改进的带松弛阶段ε约束处理机制处理约束条件,在前期允许加入部分优秀的不可行解,提高算法跳出局部最优的能力;融入Sigmoid函数离散变量编码处理机制,使算法能够处理混合整数问题,增加算法的适用范围。通过测试函数仿真,与EM-MOPSO、NSGA2以及SNSGA算法进行对比,结果表明本文算法在收敛性和分布性上有一定的优势。将该算法应用于乙烯装置蒸汽动力系统优化中取得了较好的效果,进一步证明了该算法的有效性。     

利用Alopex改进的粒子群优化算法及其在软测量建模中的应用

提出了一种利用A lopex算法改进的粒子群优化算法,并将其应用于神经网络的建模中。改进的粒子群优化算法改善了粒子群优化算法摆脱局部极小点的能力,对典型函数的测试和基于神经网络的软测量建模表明:改进算法的全局搜索能力有了显著提高,特别是对多峰函数能够有效地避免早熟收敛问题。     

约束差分免疫克隆算法及其在汽油调合优化中的应用

针对约束多目标优化问题,提出了一种新型的约束多目标优化算法。该算法采用了一种新型约束处理方式,先通过约束违反门限截取种群再依据约束与目标函数值针对不同情况实现对个体的优劣划分。本算法将差分进化与免疫克隆机制相融合,既利用了差分进化从全局角度进行搜索的特点,又利用了免疫克隆机制从优秀个体出发进行局部再寻优搜索的优点,扩大了算法搜索的广度与深度。测试结果表明该算法相比快速非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA II）具有非常优秀的收敛性与分布性。将提出的算法应用于实际的汽油调合优化中,进一步验证了算法的有效性,可有效减少成本,提高产品质量。     

基于混合知识的自适应粒子群算法及其在博弈问题中的应用

粒子群优化算法的寻优性能往往会受到控制参数和速度策略的影响。为提高粒子群优化算法的性能,提出了一种基于混合知识的自适应粒子群算法（SPSO-MK）。该算法使用不同的速度更新策略来平衡粒子群优化算法的局部和全局搜索能力,利用在线和先验知识分别对惯性权重和加速因子进行调整。选取32个测试函数进行仿真实验,结果表明本文算法的整体性能好于10种粒子群的变种算法和3种非粒子群算法。将本文算法用于求解3个非合作博弈纳什均衡问题,结果表明该算法能够取得较好的结果。     

基于寄生行为的双种群萤火虫算法及其在柴油调合中的应用

在实际的化工过程中会遇到许多非线性优化问题。常规群智能优化算法在解决这类问题时,常出现收敛精度差和容易陷入局部最优,本文针对此提出了一种基于寄生行为的双种群萤火虫算法（FAPB）。该算法将进化种群均分为两个种群,通过生物的寄生行为将两个种群联系起来,共享进化信息,提高了全局搜索能力;为防止算法陷入局部最优,引入基于自适应系数的高斯变异机制,提高了局部搜索能力。对4个经典测试函数进行仿真,结果表明：与标准FA算法、FALS算法、LDPSO算法比较,FAPB算法在收敛精度和全局搜索能力上都有较大提升。将该算法应用于柴油调合过程,结果验证了其在实际应用中的可行性。     

二进制量子粒子群优化算法及其在化工过程故障诊断中的应用

针对实际化工生产过程中故障数据缺乏,采用适合小样本问题的支持向量机(SVM)对化工过程稳态故障进行诊断。为了保证在线故障诊断的实时性,消除高维监控数据以及系统噪声对故障诊断的干扰,提出了一种新的基于二进制量子粒子群优化(BQPSO)算法和SVM的故障特征选择方法。仿真实验表明:BQPSO算法具有良好的全局搜索能力,能够快速、准确地搜索到故障特征变量;而基于特征选择的SVM故障诊断方法能可靠地实现对复杂化工过程的在线故障诊断。     

一种求解阻塞流水车间多目标调度的离散差分进化算法

针对流水车间中产品不存在缓冲区的多目标优化问题,研究了阻塞流水车间的最大完工时间和总流程时间的最小化问题,提出了一种多目标离散差分进化（Multi-objective Discrete Differential Evolution,MDDE）算法搜索Pareto最优调度解。MDDE的变异个体通过非支配解或当前解的邻域随机产生,实验个体通过交叉操作产生,而选择过程则设计为一种多目标选择策略。此外,算法还混合了一种基于插入的Pareto局部搜索方法。基于标准测试算例的数值仿真实验表明,MDDE算法获得的非支配解集在Inverted Generational Distance、Set Coverage和Hypervolume性能指标上均有较好的表现。     

三群协同粒子群优化算法

针对基本粒子群优化算法易陷入局部极值点、搜索精度低等缺点,提出了一种三群协同粒子群优化算法(TSC-PSO)。搜索时,如果全局极值连续若干代没有改善,粒子未找到全局最优点,就任选某个优群,将其群内粒子和差群粒子交换。仿真结果显示,对一些经典多峰值函数、非凸病态函数,TSC-PSO增强了全局搜索能力,具有比基本PSO更好的优化性能。     

叠加支持向量机及其在醋酸精馏软测量中的应用

为了提高粒子群算法搜索精度和避免陷入局部最优,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化算法。一方面引入平均最好位置调整速度,使粒子可以利用更多的信息决策自己的行为;另一方面对引入的平均最好位置进行小波变异,增加算法的种群多样性。仿真实验结果表明：改进的粒子群算法具有寻优能力强、搜索精度高、稳定性好等特点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.