苯磺酸氨氯地平压敏胶分散型贴剂的制备及体外经皮渗透性考察

目的制备苯磺酸氨氯地平压敏胶分散型贴剂并考察其体外经皮渗透性,为压敏胶分散型贴剂的制备与临床应用提供依据。方法将苯磺酸氨氯地平及各种渗透促进剂直接溶于自制压敏胶中制备压敏胶分散型贴剂;采用卧式双室扩散池研究苯磺酸氨氯地平贴剂的体外经皮渗透行为。结果贴剂中含药量越高,稳态渗透速率越快;加入各种渗透促进剂后,促渗作用由大到小的排列顺序为:质量分数为5%的氮酮>质量分数为5%的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯>质量分数为2.5%的氮酮>质量分数为5%的油酸;药物含量质量分数为1.5%、氮酮含量质量分数为5%的苯磺酸氨氯地平贴剂,稳态渗透速率最快,且在7 d内可持续透过药物。结论应用自制胶制备的苯磺酸氨氯地平压敏胶分散型贴剂有望制成长效的降压制剂,值得进一步深入研究。     

不同基质及促渗剂对奥氮平贴剂体外透皮吸收的影响

目的:研究不同基质及促渗剂对奥氮平贴剂体外透皮促渗作用的影响.方法:采用不同基质及促渗剂制备奥氮平贴剂;采用卧式双室扩散池,以离体大鼠皮肤为模型,通过HPLC法测定药物浓度,拟合奥氮平透皮吸收的累积透过量和透过速率.结果:由Duro-Tak 87-4098型压敏胶制备的贴剂具有较好的稳态渗透速率,5%薄荷脑+10%肉豆蔻酸异丙酯合用对奥氮平促渗效果明显,促渗倍率达5.86倍.结论:奥氮平在以5%薄荷脑+10%肉豆蔻酸异丙酯为促渗剂,Duro-Tak 87-4098型压敏胶为基质时具有较好的透皮吸收.     

薄荷醇酯衍生物对压敏胶分散型贴剂中非甾体抗炎药体外经皮渗透性的影响

制备了含不同非甾体抗炎药(酮洛芬、吲哚美辛和双氯芬酸)及促透剂[月桂氮酮、薄荷醇、庚酸薄荷醇酯(M-HEP)或油酸薄荷醇酯(M-OA)]的压敏胶分散型贴剂。采用双室扩散池,以离体大鼠皮肤为屏障进行体外渗透试验,考察了压敏胶和促透剂的种类对贴剂中药物渗透行为的影响。结果表明,用Duro-TAK 87-4098型压敏胶制备的贴剂中酮洛芬的稳态渗透速率和24 h累积透过量显著高于用其他两种压敏胶(Duro-TAK 87-2677和87-2852)制备的贴剂。各促透剂对酮洛芬促渗透作用依序为:M-HEP>M-OA>薄荷醇>月桂氮酮;对吲哚美辛的促渗透作用依序为:M-HEP>M-OA>月桂氮酮≈薄荷醇;M-OA和月桂氮酮对双氯芬酸有显著的促渗透效果,前者的促渗效果较强,而薄荷醇及M-HEP无促渗透作用。     

喷他佐辛压敏胶分散型贴剂的制备研究

目的研制喷他佐辛压敏胶分散型贴剂并考察其体外经皮渗透性。方法将喷他佐辛及各种促渗剂直接溶于压敏胶中制备压敏胶分散型贴剂,采用卧式双室扩散池,研究其体外经皮渗透行为。结果由Duro-Tak 87-9301型压敏胶制备的贴剂具有较好的稳态渗透速率。5%氮酮与10%豆蔻酸异丙酯合用对喷他佐辛促渗效果明显,经皮渗透速率为(11.28±0.63)μg/(cm2.h),促渗倍率达3.01倍。贴剂中喷他佐辛的含量由2%增加到4%,经皮渗透速率明显增大,含量增加到6%和8%时渗透速率无明显变化。结论所得处方中各因素的组合有利于喷他佐辛的经皮吸收。     

氟比洛芬压敏胶分散型贴剂的制备及体外经皮渗透性考察

目的:研制氟比洛芬压敏胶分散型贴剂并考察其体外经皮渗透性。方法:将氟比洛芬及各种促渗剂直接溶于压敏胶中制备压敏胶分散性贴剂,采用卧式双室扩散池,研究其体外经皮渗透行为。结果:由Duro-Tak 87-9301型压敏胶制备的贴刺具有较好的稳态渗透速率。5%氯酮与10%豆蔻酸异丙酯合用对氟比洛芬促渗效果明显,经皮渗透速率为（3.35±0.53）μg·cm^-2·h^-1,促渗倍率达2.68倍。贴剂中氟比洛芬的含量由5%增加到10%,经皮渗透速率明显增大,含量增加到15%和20%时,渗透速率无明显变化。结论:所得处方中各因素的组合有利于氟比洛芬的经皮吸收。     

中药骨伤凝胶贴剂的经皮渗透性研究

目的 探讨药粉目数及透皮吸收促进剂对中药骨伤凝胶贴剂经皮渗透作用的影响。方法 以羟基红花黄色素A和血竭素为评价指标，采用桨碟法评价凝胶贴剂的体外释放行为，采用Franz扩散池法考察药粉目数及透皮吸收促进剂对凝胶贴剂透皮吸收的影响。结果 与氮酮和薄荷脑相比，肉豆蔻酸异丙酯对于羟基红花黄色素A和血竭素的促渗作用最好，其最佳用量为3%，200目的药粉相对于80目在体外释放及有效成分的经皮吸收方面没有明显影响。结论 药粉目数对凝胶贴剂经皮渗透作用的影响不显著，肉豆蔻酸异丙酯透皮吸收促进剂能显著提高凝胶贴剂的透皮吸收。     

醋氯芬酸贴剂的制备

目的以体外释放度和经皮渗透性为指标,制备醋氯芬酸贴剂并优化压敏胶和促渗剂的处方。方法采用不同类型丙烯酸酯压敏胶为基质制备醋氯芬酸贴剂,以体外释放度为指标考察筛选压敏胶;以不同种类促渗剂制备醋氯芬酸贴剂,采用改良Franz扩散池,以离体大鼠皮肤为渗透屏障,考察其经皮渗透性能,筛选经皮渗透促进剂。结果醋氯芬酸贴剂在12 h内体外释放曲线遵循Higuchi动力学方程,经皮渗透曲线遵循零级动力学方程,且以Duro Tak 87-2677为压敏胶基质、质量分数为5%的氮酮为促渗剂时醋氯芬酸贴剂具有较快的释放和经皮渗透速率。结论醋氯芬酸贴剂为皮肤控释型骨架释药系统,选择适宜的基质和促渗剂可保证足够的药物释放并穿透皮肤发挥理想的治疗作用。     

青蒿素贴剂的制备研究

目的 通过对分散剂、压敏胶、促渗剂的筛选,研究分散型青蒿素贴剂的处方工艺.方法 以成型性为考察指标,筛选分散剂、压敏胶,采用TK-6A型透皮扩散仪,以SD大鼠腹部皮肤为透皮屏障,以透皮速率为考察指标,筛选最佳促渗剂.结果 青蒿素在PEG400中分散较好,在罗门哈斯压敏胶中成型较好,各促渗剂对青蒿素促渗作用大小依次为:油酸+氮酮＞丙二醇＞油酸＞氮酮.结论 PEG400、罗门哈斯压敏胶、油酸+氮酮分别作为分散型青蒿素贴剂的分散剂、压敏胶、促渗剂.     

手性薄荷醇酯衍生物对美托洛尔经皮促渗透作用的考察

目的考察在肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(isopropyl myristate,IPM)系统和压敏胶型贴剂系统中,合成得到的手性薄荷醇酯衍生物对美托洛尔(metoprolol,META)渗透行为的影响。方法采用卧式双室扩散池,进行离体兔皮的体外经皮渗透试验。结果分别以薄荷醇手性对映体(d-薄荷醇、l-薄荷醇)为先导化合物合成其脂肪酸酯衍生物:薄荷醇庚酸酯(l-M-HEP,d-M-HEP)、薄荷醇癸酸酯(l-M-DEC,d-M-DEC)、薄荷醇月桂酸酯(l-M-DOD,d-M-DOD)、薄荷醇十四酸酯(l-M-TET,d-MTET)、薄荷醇油酸酯(l-M-OA,d-M-OA)及薄荷醇硬脂酸酯(l-M-STE,d-M-STE)。在肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)系统中,只有癸酸薄荷醇酯(l-M-DEC,d-M-DEC)和月桂酸薄荷醇酯(l-M-DOD、d-M-DOD)对META有显著的促透作用(P<0.05);而制成压敏胶型贴剂后,手性薄荷醇酯衍生物对META促透作用排序:l-M-DEC>d-M-DOD≈l-M-DOD>d-M-DOD。结论手性薄荷醇酯衍生物作为促透剂(penetration enhancers,PE)在不同系统对META的促透能力不同。     

奥昔布宁透皮贴剂的制备及其体外透皮性研究

目的：制备奥昔布宁透皮贴剂,并对其体外透皮性进行研究。方法：以奥昔布宁为主药,聚丙烯酸树脂E100为辅料,制备奥昔布宁透皮贴剂。采用高效液相色谱法,比较不同渗透促进剂（3％、5％氮酮,5％、10％、15％三醋酸甘油酯,5％、10％肉豆蔻酸异丙酯）对奥昔布宁透皮贴剂的稳态透皮速率（z）的影响,选出最佳渗透促进剂;采用正交试验法,以上和初黏力、持黏力为指标．考察增塑剂癸二酸二丁酯、交联剂丁二酸用量和载药量对贴剂透皮性的影响,优化最佳处方。结果：最佳渗透促进剂为15％三醋酸甘油酯;最优处方为增塑剂25％、交联剂6％、载药量25％;制备的奥昔布宁透皮贴剂的体外为6．24gg／（cm2·h）,初黏力为22号钢珠,持黏力为81min。结论：制备的奥昔布宁透皮贴剂具有良好的透皮性。     

Effects of penetration enhancers on Shuangwu traumatic formula: In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of an herb medicine

The purposes of this study were to improve the transdermal permeation of the Shangwu traumatic formula by chemical penetration enhancers and to investigate the pharmacodynamic changes of the formula caused by incorporated enhancers. The effects of different enhancers on the transdermal absorption of piperine, the representative component of formula, were investigated by in vitro permeation studies. The tests showed an increasing enhancement effect in the following order: Azone/N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) > oleic acid > Azone/peppermint oil > Azone/oleic acid > Azone/propylene glycol > Azone > peppermint oil > NMP > propylene glycol. The ratio and the content of the most effective enhancer Azone/NMP were determined subsequently. The results suggested that the most significant penetration enhancement was achieved by 3% (w/w) Azone/NMP (3:7). Furthermore, the in vivo pharmacodynamic responses of the formula suspension with or without Azone/NMP were compared using hot-plate assay and xylene-induced ears edema test as models. The data indicated that the formula had positive effect on analgesis and anti-inflammatory, which can be enhanced with the addition of enhancers.     

Enhancement of nortriptyline penetration through human epidermis: influence of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis

Different known percutaneous chemical enhancers and iontophoresis have been tested in-vitro to study their ability to increase transdermal absorption of nortriptyline hydrochloride (20 mg mL(-1)). The chemicals 1-dodecanol, Span 20, Azone, (R)-(+)-limonene or isopropyl myristate were used as an overnight pretreatment at 5% (w/w) in ethanol. Furthermore, isopropyl myristate (20%, w/w) and propylene glycol (15%, w/w) were tested in the same vehicle. Iontophoresis was applied directly to the nortriptyline hydrochloride donor solution for three different concentrations (20, 2 and 0.5 mgmL(-1)). The chemical enhancers slightly increased the nortriptyline transdermal flux but iontophoresis was more efficient. In this case, nortriptyline transdermal flux was concentration dependent, having a higher flux when the concentration was lowered. Therefore, iontophoresis was the most suitable technique to increase transdermal absorption of nortriptyline and it could be an alternative method to provide therapeutic concentrations of this drug in smoking cessation treatment.     

Effects of penetration enhancers on Shuangwu traumatic formula: In vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of an herb medicine

The purposes of this study were to improve the transdermal permeation of the Shangwu traumatic formula by chemical penetration enhancers and to investigate the pharmacodynamic changes of the formula caused by incorporated enhancers. The effects of different enhancers on the transdermal absorption of piperine, the representative component of formula, were investigated by in vitro permeation studies. The tests showed an increasing enhancement effect in the following order: Azone/N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) > oleic acid > Azone/peppermint oil > Azone/oleic acid > Azone/propylene glycol > Azone > peppermint oil > NMP > propylene glycol. The ratio and the content of the most effective enhancer Azone/NMP were determined subsequently. The results suggested that the most significant penetration enhancement was achieved by 3% (w/w) Azone/NMP (3:7). Furthermore, the in vivo pharmacodynamic responses of the formula suspension with or without Azone/NMP were compared using hot-plate assay and xylene-induced ears edema test as models. The data indicated that the formula had positive effect on analgesis and anti-inflammatory, which can be enhanced with the addition of enhancers.     

醋酸烯诺孕酮透皮贴剂的制备及不同促渗剂对其促渗作用考察

目的：制备醋酸烯诺孕酮透皮贴剂,并考察5种促渗剂单用和联用对贴剂的促渗作用。方法：采用正交试验,以初黏力和累积渗透量（Q）为指标,优化Druo-tak87-2287压敏胶、聚维酮（PVP）K30、乙酰丙酮铝的用量,考察250h内的平均Q;比较质量分数均为5%的氮酮（Azone）、油酸（OA）、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）、桉叶油（OE）和丙二醇（PG）及1%、3%、5%、7%OE和3%OE＋1%Azone、3%OE＋3%Azone、3%OE＋5%Azone的贴剂250h内的Q、透皮速率常数（Jss）及增渗倍数。结果：压敏胶、PVPK30、乙酰丙酮铝的用量分别为15、2、0.03g,250h的平均Q为60.83μg/cm2;5%OE单用时250h内的Q最大,为118.12μg/cm2,Jss为0.71μg/（cm2·h）,增渗倍数为2.2;3%OE＋5%Azone联用时250h内的Q最大,为175.96μg/cm2,Jss为1.102μg（/cm2·h）,增渗倍数为3.22。结论：所制备的贴剂初黏力符合要求,3%OE＋5%Azone对醋酸烯诺孕酮透皮贴剂有明显促渗作用。     

Development of a drug-in-adhesive patch combining ion pair and chemical enhancer strategy for transdermal delivery of zaltoprofen: pharmacokinetic,pharmacodynamic and in vitro/in vivo correlation evaluation

The aim of the study was to develop a drug-in-adhesive patch system for transdermal delivery of zaltoprofen (ZAL). The formulation was designed in combination with the ion pair and chemical enhancer strategy. Seven organic amines were chosen as counter ions, and the prepared ion pairs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vivo pharmacokinetic performance of ZAL was studied on rabbits following transdermal and intravenous administration. A deconvolution method was applied to determine the correlation between the in vitro permeation and the in vivo absorption. Acetic acid-induced writhing response was conducted on mice to evaluate the analgesic effect. In vitro permeation results showed that both ion pairs and chemical enhancers were effective in modulating ZAL skin permeation from patches. The enhancement ratio was negatively correlated to the polar surface area (PSA) of counter ions, and was positively correlated to the octanol–water partition coefficient (log K_o/w) of chemical enhancers, respectively. The optimized formulation contained 10% (w/w) ZAL-triethylamine and 10% (w/w) isopropyl myristate, with DURO-TAK® 87-4098 as the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix. Furthermore, the in vitro permeation data were well correlated with the in vivo absorption data. The analgesic effect of the optimized patch was comparable to the commercial indometacin plasters. In conclusion, it was feasible for transdermal delivery of ZAL by the synergistic action of ion pair and chemical enhancer, and the in vitro permeation data were indicative of the in vivo performance for the developed patches.     

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of pentazocine transdermal delivery system

The aim of this study was to prepare a pentazocine (PTZ) matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) using acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. Among the five Duro-Tak adhesive polymers tested (87-9301, 87-2677, 87-201A, 87-2196, 87-2852), in vitro dissolution studies demonstrated the highest PTZ release flux from the Duro-Tak 87-9301 matrix. In addition, the effects of permeation enhancers, isopropyl myristate (IPM) and glyceryl monocaprylate (GEFA-C(8)), and drug content on PTZ skin permeation from prepared patches were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells fitted with hairless mouse skin. IPM and GEFA-C(8) were found to produce effective flux of PTZ at a patch concentration of 10% w/w and 5% w/w, respectively. The PTZ flux increased linearly as the loading dose increased up to 30%, whereas no further increase in flux was observed at loading doses of 40% and 50% due to drug crystallization in the matrix. Thus, the highest skin permeation rate (24.2 microg/cm(2)/h) was achieved when 30% of PTZ was loaded in Duro-Tak 87-9301 with 10% IPM and 5% GEFA-C(8). These results demonstrate the feasibility of a novel narcotic-antagonist analgesic matrix-type TDDS for PTZ.     

倍他米松骨架型缓释贴片的处方筛选

采用改进型Franz扩散池法进行人离体皮肤渗透实验，用HPLC法测定倍他米松的皮肤渗透率，考察了不同浓度的不同促渗剂对倍他米松饱和溶液及其缓释贴片的体外经皮渗透速率的影响。结果表明，20％单月桂酸甘油酯、6％肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和10％油酸协同作用对其贴片有良好的促渗效果。倍他米松累积渗透量与时间呈良好的线性关系(r=0．9979)。