开腹及免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术对妊娠期急性阑尾炎孕妇预后的影响

目的探讨开腹及免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术对妊娠期急性阑尾炎孕妇预后的影响。方法随机将2016-03—2018-01间收治的80例妊娠期急性阑尾炎孕妇分为2组,各40例。对照组行开腹阑尾切除术,观察组行免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术。结果观察组手术时间、住院时间、下床时间、出血量均较对照组短(少),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术前CRP、TNF-α、IL-6差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后2组以上指标均呈现上升趋势,但对照组上升幅度高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1个月2组正常妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论免气腹腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎,较开腹手术安全有效,预后好。     

免气腹腹腔镜手术治疗特殊人群妇科疾病12例临床分析

目的:探讨免气腹腹腔镜手术治疗合并心肺疾病、老年或妊娠期妇科疾病患者的安全性、可行性及治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2011年3月至2012年9月收治的异位妊娠合并心肺疾病、子宫肌瘤合并心肺疾病、老年卵巢囊肿、孕妇卵巢囊肿蒂扭转12例患者的临床资料。观察手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、血氧饱和度、气道压力,围手术期pH值、血压、心率,术中、术后并发症等。结果:12例手术均获成功,手术时间平均(45.2±7.6)min,术中出血量平均(105.6±38.9)ml,术后平均住院(5.6±2.5)d。患者术前、术中及术后动脉血pH值、二氧化碳分压、氧分压、碳酸氢根、血氧饱和度、心率、血压(平均动脉压、无创收缩压、无创舒张压)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:免气腹腹腔镜手术治疗合并心肺疾病、老年或妊娠期妇科疾病是安全、可行的,手术操作简单。     

经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜全子宫切除术25例报告

目的:探讨经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜全子宫切除术的应用价值及可行性。方法:分析为25例患者行经脐单孔免气腹腹腔镜全子宫切除术的临床资料。结果:24例手术获得成功,1例子宫腺肌病患者因粘连较重、出血难以暴露术中改行常规腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹。术中出血量50~150 ml,平均(70.9±10.6)ml;手术时间30~65 min,平均(48.5±4.8)min。术后6 h进流质饮食,排气时间7~15 h,平均(10.8±2.9)h,无气腹刺激症状发生。术后2 d拔除尿管,术后4 d出院,出院10~15 d返院复查,脐部切口均愈合良好。结论:单孔免气腹腹腔镜全子宫切除术对腹腔脏器干扰少,出血少,手术时间短,术后腹部切口疼痛轻,腹胀不明显,无气腹刺激症状,下床活动早,术后康复快,手术瘢痕小且隐匿,具有一定的美容效果。     

悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的对比分析

目的:评价悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术的临床意义,并与传统腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术进行对比分析。方法:回顾分析2007年11月至2009年4月为59例子宫肌瘤患者行腹腔镜肌瘤切除术的临床资料,随机选择31例行悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜肌瘤切除术,28例行气腹腹腔镜肌瘤切除术,比较两组手术时间、术中出血、术后肛门首次排气时间、住院时间等。结果:两组腹腔镜手术均获成功。悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜组手术时间(75.6±24.7)min,明显少于气腹腹腔镜组(98.0±27.4)min(P0.05)。悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜组术中出血(234.2±80.5)ml,明显少于气腹腹腔镜组(321.5±98.4)ml(P0.001)。悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜组术后肛门首次排气时间(18.6±7.4)h,明显少于气腹腹腔镜组(24.3±8.6)h(P0.01)。悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜组平均住院(4.5±0.7)d,与气腹腹腔镜组(4.3±0.9)d相近(P0.05)。结论:悬吊式免气腹腹腔镜与气腹腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术相比,具有操作安全快捷、手术时间短、术中出血少、肌瘤切除彻底、术后并发症少、患者康复快、对患者循环呼吸影响小等优点,值得推广应用。     

自制线性牵引器在免气腹腹腔镜手术中的临床应用

目的:评价自制"线性牵引器"在免气腹腹腔镜手术中应用的可行性及效果。方法:回顾分析2011年2月至2013年6月为32例患者应用自制线性牵引器行免气腹腹腔镜手术的临床资料,其中阑尾切除术26例、胆囊切除术6例。结果:32例手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹。阑尾切除术手术时间26~69 min,平均(47.19±10.25)min;胆囊切除术为43~102 min,平均(51.09±26.33)min。术后均无手术、心血管、肺部并发症发生,住院3~7 d。结论:应用自制线性牵引器行免气腹腹腔镜手术在技术上是安全、可行的,费用低廉,操作简单,同时避免了气腹对人体的影响,无需复杂的气腹设备,尤其适于在基层医院推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术治疗阑尾粘液性肿瘤的临床体会(附11例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗阑尾粘液性肿瘤的优势及作用。方法:回顾分析2010年5月至2016年10月收治的11例阑尾粘液性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果:11例患者术前均拟诊为急性阑尾炎行腹腔镜手术治疗,经腹腔镜探查后术中均明确诊断,确诊率100%,8例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,2例行腹腔镜右半结肠切除术,1例经腹腔镜探查后放置区域热循环治疗灌注管,术后应用洛铂及雷替曲塞等化疗药物行腹腔区域循环热灌注化疗3个疗程。术后均未出现严重并发症,11例均痊愈或好转出院。手术时间30~120 min,平均(48.18±31.64)min;出血量20~100 ml,中位数35 ml;肛门排气时间平均(2.09±1.04)d;住院3~8 d,平均(4.27±1.90)d,无中转开腹及围手术期死亡病例。结论:阑尾粘液性肿瘤罕见,无临床特异性,临床误诊率较高。腹腔镜手术治疗阑尾粘液性肿瘤探查确切,患者创伤小,术后康复快,住院时间短,是安全、有效的治疗手段。     

腹腔镜下手术治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎的体会

目的比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎的效果。方法将2012-07—2014-08间收治的48例妊娠期急性阑尾炎患者随机分为2组,各24例。对照组行开腹阑尾切除术,观察组行腹腔镜下手术,对比2组患者治疗效果、新生儿和妊娠结局。结果观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、排气时间、住院时间及术后切口感染率均低于对照组,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者新生儿妊娠结局比较,差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗妊娠期急性阑尾炎创伤小、效果好且安全。     

腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎并穿孔256例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎并穿孔的手术方法、指征、并发症及效果.方法:回顾分析2006年7月至2010年6月为256例急性阑尾炎并穿孔患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料.结果:256例手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹.手术时间35～110 min,平均55 min,术中出血量5～20 ml,术后排气时间平均19.5 ...     

免气腹腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢肿瘤的比较

目的:探讨免气腹腹腔镜手术治疗妇科肿瘤的应用及其优点和可行性。方法:比较免气腹与气腹法腹腔镜手术分别治疗卵巢良性肿瘤94例与87例的平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、平均肛门排气时间、术中血气分析、术后并发症等指标。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后发热、术后康复差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:免气腹腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤可行,更具安全性,术后并发症发生率低,有较好的临床应用价值。     

悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床分析

目的:探讨悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的可行性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2013年8月至2014年5月为20例患者行悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术的临床资料,术中使用骨科牵引弓、克氏针自制腹壁悬吊装置及普通腹腔镜操作器械完成手术。结果:手术均获成功,无中转常规腹腔镜手术及开腹手术,手术过程顺利,手术时间40~70 min,平均(54.0±1.7)min;无腹腔、脐部切口感染,平均住院(6.0±1.2)d,患者均顺利出院。结论:悬吊式免气腹经脐单孔腹腔镜阑尾切除术具有微创及美容的优势,使用普通腹腔镜操作器械也可完成手术,具有临床推广价值。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 评价中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠176只,体重200 ～ 250 g,9周龄,采用随机数字法,将其分为4组:假手术组(S组,n=40)、神经病理性痛组(NP组,n=40)、生理盐水组(NS组,n=48)和米诺环素组(M组,n=48).NP组、NS组和M组采用慢性坐骨神经缩窄性损伤法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型;S组仅暴露坐骨神经,而不结扎.术后第7天时,NS组和M组分别于中脑导水管周围灰质的腹外侧区注射生理盐水或米诺环素0.5μl.取8只大鼠,分别于术前1 d(T0)、术后第3天(T1)、第7天给药前30 min(T2)、第7天给药后30 min(T3)、第14天(T4)和第21天(T5)时测定机械痛阈.于T1-5时各处死8只大鼠,取脑组织,行小胶质细胞计数.结果 与S组比较,NP组、NS组和M组T1-5时机械痛阈降低,小胶质细胞计数升高(P＜0.05);NP组和NS组各时点机械痛阈和小胶质细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与NP组和NS组比较,M组T3时机械痛阈升高,小胶质细胞计数降低(P＜0.05).结论 中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠神经病理性痛中的形成与维持.     

沈阳男性髋部骨折多于女性原因探讨

为找出沈阳地区髋部骨折发生男性多于女性的原因，探索该病在不发达国家或地区的流行特点，我们再次通过查阅病例记录，对沈阳市１９９４年５０岁以上人口的部分髋部骨折病发生的原因进行了较详细的调查分析。共调查分析２６６髋部骨折病例，其中男１６３例，女１０３例。损伤原因记为单纯摔倒（滑倒或绊倒）、骑自行车摔倒、自行车撞倒、机动车事故和高位跌下（滚楼梯或从较高位置掉下）。结果表明：男女在髋部骨折伤因构成上有差别（Ｐ＝０．００４）。女性髋部骨折的大多数（７０％）是由单纯摔倒引起，而在男性则不足一半（４９％），即男性髋部骨折的一半以上不是由于单纯摔倒而是由各种意外事故造成的（Ｐ＝０．０００８）。在各种意外事故中，男性骑自行车摔倒引起骨折的频率（２８％）明显高于女性（１０％）。除了骑自行车摔倒外，男性由自行车撞倒和高位跌下引起骨折的频率稍高于女性，但无太大差别。机动车事故造成骨折的频率男女基本一致。此结果在一定的程度上说明，１９９４年沈阳５０岁以上的男性髋部骨折发病率高是由于男性发生的各种意外事故多，尤其是骑自行车引起的事故造成的。     

脊髓胶质细胞在大鼠炎性痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在大鼠炎性痛形成中的作用.方法 清洁Ⅱ级成年雄性SD大鼠,体重180～220 g,取蛛网膜下腔置管成功的大鼠65只,随机分为5组(n=13),生理盐水组(NS组):右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射NS 50μl;炎性痛组(IP组):采用右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂50μl的方法制备炎性痛模型;氟代柠檬酸组(FC组):经蛛网膜下腔导管注射FC 1 nmol/10 μl,15 min后右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射NS 50 μl;NS+IP组:经蛛网膜下腔导管注射NS 10 μl,15 min后制备炎性痛模型;FC+IP组:经蛛网膜下腔导管注射FC 1 nmol/10 μ,15 min后制备炎性痛模型.于模型制备前2 d(T_0)、皮下注射药物前(T_1)和注射药物后2、4、6、8、10、12、24、26 h(T_(2～9))时测定机械缩足阈值(MWT)和热缩足潜伏期(TWL).皮下注射药物后8 h时采用免疫组化法测定脊髓背角星形胶质细胞标记物(GFAP)和小胶质细胞标记物(OX-42)的表达水平.结果 与NS组比较,IP组和NS+IP组T_(3～9)时MWT和TWL降低,FC+IP组T_(3～9)时MWT降低,T_(8,9)时TWL降低,IP组、NS+EP组和FC+EP组脊髓GFAP和OX-42的表达水平均上调(P<0.05);与IP组比较,FC组T_(3～9)时MWT和TWL升高,FC+IP组T_(3～7)时MWT和TWL升高,2组脊髓GFAP和OX-42的表达水平均下调(P<0.05或0.01).结论 脊髓胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠炎性痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.