特发性肺纤维化患者血清肿瘤标志物含量变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者血清多种肿瘤标志物含量的变化及其临床意义.方法 采用化学发光法检测25例IPF患者(IPF组)和23例正常对照者(对照组)外周血多种肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA125、CA153、CA199,同时检测患者血气、肺功能参数等临床指标.结果 IPF组与对照组外周血AFP[(2.41±0.95)μg/L与(1.29±1.13)μg/L,t=4.32,P＜0.05]、CEA[(7.12±2.68)μg/L与(2.14±0.57)μg/L,t=3.69,P＜0.05]、CA125[(118.52±31.24)kU/L与(23.97±8.47)kU/L,t=4.15,P＜0.05]、CA153[(47.58±14.57)kU/L与(9.24±4.21)kU/L,t=5.87,P＜0.05]、CA199[(165.78±21.13)kU/L与(14.51±5.74)kU/L,t=4.22,P＜0.05]均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义.且血清AFP、CEA、CA125、CA153、CA199含量均与动脉血氧分压(r值为-0.15～-0.55,P＜0.05)、肺活量(r值为-0.09～-0.49,P＜0.05或P＜0.01)、肺弥散量(r值为-0.17～-0.61,P＜0.05)呈负相关.各肿瘤标志物与ESR和CRP无相关性(P均＞0.05).血清多种肿瘤标志物的进行性升高与肺纤维化程度的进展正相关.经激素治疗后,25例IPF患者血清AFP[(2.41±0.95)μg/L与(1.67±1.22)μg/L,t=5.41,P＜0.05]、CEA[(7.12±2.68)μg/L与(3.75±1.96)μg/L,t=4.63,P＜0.05]、CA125[(118.52±31.24)kU/L与(53.22±13.56)kU/L,t=3.97,P＜0.05]、CA153[(47.58±14.57)kU/L与(19.35±8.74)kU/L,t=5.15,P＜0.05]、CA199[(165.78±21.13)kU/L与(58.85±17.31)kU/L,t=6.34,P＜0.05]水平明显下降.结论 IPF患者血清多种肿瘤标志物含量增加,并与肺功能损害程度密切相关,可能提示肺纤维化的进展,是预后不良的标志.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of multi-tumor biomarkers combined variation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF).Methods Multiple serum tumor biomarkers,including AFP,CEA,CA125,CA153 and CA199 were detected in 25 patients with IPF and 23 healthy controls by chemiluminescence method,and the blood gas analysis,pulmonary function parameters and other clinical data were also collected simultaneously.Results All serum biomarkers measured in this study were significantly higher in IPF group than control,AFP([2.41±0.95]μg/L vs.[1.29±0.13]μg/L,t=4.32,P＜0.05),CEA([7.12±2.68]μg/L vs.[2.14±0.57]μg/L,t=3.69,P＜0.05),CA125([118.52±31.64]kU/L vs.[23.97±8.47]kU/L,t=4.15,P＜0.05),CA153([47.58±14.57]kU/L vs.[9.24±4.21]kU/L,t=5.87,P＜0.05),and CA199([165.78±21.13]kU/L vs.[14.51±5.74]kU/L,t=4.22,P＜0.05).The serum levels of AFP,CEA,CA125,CA153,CA199 were negatively correlated with blood oxygen pressure(r=-0.15--0.55,Ps＜0.05),vital capacity(r=-0.09--0.49,Ps＜0.05),lung diffusion capacity(r=-0.17--0.61,Ps＜0.05),while no significant correlations were found between different biomarker levels and ESR and CRP(Ps＞ 0.05).In addition,the serum level of different tumor markers increased along with the progress of pulmonary fibrosis,which showed statistical significance(Ps＜0.05).After hormone medication therapy,the serum tumor marker levels decreased significantly in IPF patients[AFP[2.41±0.95]μg/L vs.[1.67±1.22]μg/L,t=5.41,P＜0.05,CEA([7.12±2.68]μg/L vs.[3.75±1.96]μg/L,t=4.63,P＜0.05,CA125([118.52±31.64]kU/L vs.[53.22±13.56]kU/L,t=3.97,P＜0.05),CA153(47.58±14.5 vs.19.35±8.74 kU/L,t=5.15,P＜0.05),CA199(165.78±21.13 vs.58.85±17.31 kU/L,t=6.34,P＜0.05)].Conclusion Multiple serum tumor biomarkers significantly increased in patients with IPF,and had a close correlation with lung function damage.The changes of these biomarkers indicated the progress of pulmonary fibrosis,which served as the predictors of poor prognosis.     

不同水平甲状腺自身抗体Graves病患者的临床特征

目的:探讨甲状腺自身抗体过氧化物酶抗体(TPOA)和甲状腺结合球蛋白抗体(TGA)水平与新诊断的弥漫性甲状腺肿(GD)患者临床特征的关系.方法:将新诊断的210例GD患者分别按TPOA和TGA两种抗体的四分位数水平进行分层,TPOA组包括TPOA-1亚组(56例),TPOA＜41.0 kU/L;TPOA-2亚组(101例),41.0 kU/L≤TPOA＜504.5 kU/L;TPOA-3亚组(53例):TPOA≥504.5 kU/L.②TGA组包括TGA-1亚组(59例),TGA＜58.0 kU/L;TGA-2亚组(100例)58.0 kU/L≤TGA ＜573.8 kU/L;TGA-3亚组(51例),TGA≥573.8 kU/L.比较两种抗体不同水平的GD患者甲状腺毒症、甲状腺肿以及眼病等临床表现以及甲状腺激素(FT3、FT4)水平的差异.结果:两个抗体不同滴度GD患者的FT3、FT4比较差异无统计学意义;按TPOA滴度分层显示,在TPOA较低水平组(TPOA-1亚组),较多患者表现为甲状腺毒症、甲状腺肿大及眼病的1种或2种(分别占35.7％及51.8％),同时存在上述3种症状的比例为12.5％;在TPOA较高水平组(TPOA-3亚组),同时存在上述3种症状的比例显著高于TPOA-1亚组(P＜0.05);相关分析显示,TPOA与甲状腺肿大的程度显著相关(Spearman相关系数为0.284,P＜0.001).按TGA滴度分层显示,在TGA较低水平组(TGA-1亚组)及较高水平组(TGA-3亚组),仅表现为眼病、甲状腺肿大或甲状腺毒症的其中之一或同时存在3种症状的比例无显著性差异(TGA-1亚组比例分别为33.9％、37.0％、39.2％,TGA-3亚组比例分别为28.8％、17.0％、17.7％;P＞0.05);相关分析显示,TGA与眼病的程度显著相关(Spearman相关系数为0.158,P=0.022).结论:GD患者临床表现呈异质性的原因可能与甲状腺自身免疫的程度及特点不一样有关;高滴度TPOA与甲状腺肿大的关系更密切,高滴度TGA与眼病的关系更密切.     

无糖尿病史急性心肌梗死早期不同糖代谢状态患者院内及近期预后观察

目的 评估急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期不同糖代谢状态患者院内及近期预后的差异.方法 前瞻性对连续111例既往无糖尿病史的AMI患者进行动态血糖监测,连续跟踪患者人院后72 h血糖波动情况,根据AMI早期血糖波动情况将所有患者分为:血糖正常组(NG组),一过性血糖升高组(TH组),持续性血糖升高组(PH组),评估3组患者院内并发症发生率及近期预后的差异.结果 3组患者心肌梗死部位比较差异无统计学意义.PH组患者较NG组和TH组患者恶性心律失常[分别为10.0％(3/30)、11.1％(4/36)、31.1％ (14/45),x2=7.347,P＜0.05]、心源性休克[分别为3.3％(1/30)、5.6％(3/36)、24.4％(11/45),x2=9.686,P＜0.01]发生率显著升高,差异有统计学意义.院内[分别为0、5.6％(3/36)、15.6％ (7/45),x2=6.312,P＜0.05]、3个月后病死率[分别为0、5.6％(3/36)、17.8％(8/45),x2=7.715,P＜0.05]显著升高,差异有统计学意义.结论 AMI早期持续血糖升高的患者院内并发症发生率高,近期预后不佳.     

血浆sHLA-G在宫颈癌和癌前病变检测中的应用

目的 探讨血浆sHLA-G在诊断CIN及宫颈癌中的应用价值.方法 采用ELISA检测102例宫颈癌患者、72例CIN患者和20名健康对照者血浆sHLA-G水平,并分析其对宫颈癌的诊断价值及与宫颈癌临床病理参数间的关系.其中,宫颈癌患者经FIGO分期分为:Ⅰ期32例、Ⅱ期28例、Ⅲ期25例、Ⅳ期17例;按肿瘤大小分为:＜4 cm 63例、≥4 cm 39例;按病理组织类型分为:鳞癌78例、腺癌24例;高分化57例、中分化29例、低分化16例;无淋巴结转移64例、淋巴结转移38例.CIN患者中Ⅰ级21例、Ⅱ级25例、Ⅲ级26例.结果 血浆sHLA-G在宫颈癌组为193.6(151.3～287.4)kU/L,CIN Ⅰ级组为48.3(34.6～57.2)kU/L、CIN Ⅱ级组为91.3(68.2～118.6)kU/L、CIN Ⅲ级组为106.4(73.8～165.7)kU/L、健康对照组为45.2(38.0～55.5)kU/L;各组间血浆sHLA-G水平差异有统计学意义(H=13.287,P＜0.01),且宫颈癌组明显高于CIN Ⅰ级组、CIN Ⅱ级组、CIN Ⅲ级组及健康对照组(U值分别为8.832、6.456、4.017、9.873,P均＜0.05);CIN Ⅱ级组和CIN Ⅲ级组血浆sHLA-G水平明显高于CIN Ⅰ级组和健康对照组(U值分别为4.361、4.892、5.139、5.485,P均＜0.05).SCC-Ag在健康对照组、CIN Ⅰ级组、CIN Ⅱ级组、CIN Ⅲ级组和宫颈癌组的水平分别为0.43(0.38～0.69)μg/L、0.47(0.35～0.72)μg/L、0.65(0.53～0.81)μg/L、0.82(0.54～1.03)μg/L和1.02(0.62～1.87)μg/L.宫颈癌组血浆SCC-Ag水平明显高于CIN Ⅰ级组、CIN Ⅱ级组及健康对照组(U值分别为7.926、4.877、8.132,P均＜0.05);CIN Ⅲ级组血浆SCC-Ag水平明显高于CIN Ⅰ级组和健康对照组(U值分别为6.574、6.763,P均＜0.05).CA125在健康对照组、CIN Ⅰ级组、CIN Ⅱ级组、CIN Ⅲ级组和宫颈癌组的水平分别为14.38(6.14～21.82)kU/L、15.42(6.25～23.53)kU/L、21.34(9.82～32.58)kU/L、25.69(14.47～38.71)kU/L和27.72(14.29～43.87)kU/L.宫颈癌组血浆CA125水平明显高于CIN Ⅰ级组、CIN Ⅱ级组及健康对照组(U值分别为7.564、4.522、7.429,P均＜0.05);CIN Ⅲ级组血浆CA125水平明显高于CIN Ⅰ级组和健康对照组(U值分别为5.871、5.435,P均＜0.05).ROC曲线分析sHLA-G的AUC为0.828(95% CI:0.768～0.879),其诊断价值高于SCC-Ag[0.727(95% CI:0.658～0.788);Z=2.294,P＜0.05]和CA125[0.705(95%CI:0.636～0.769);Z=2.842,P＜0.05];SCC-Ag与CA125的诊断效能比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=0.672,P＞0.05).经ROC曲线分析确定sHLA-G诊断临界值为109.6 kU/L时,其敏感度为86.3%,特异度为76.1%,阳性预测值为80.0%,阴性预测值为83.3%,准确性为78.4%.宫颈癌患者血浆sHLA-G水平与FIGO分期及淋巴结转移密切相关(U值分别为6.085、4.451,P均＜0.05),而与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织形态及细胞分化无关(U值分别为1.274、1.956、1.268、2.719,P均＞0.05).结论 血浆sHLA-G水平检测有助于宫颈癌及癌前病变的早期发现,并且可以作为宫颈癌病情进展及淋巴结转移的判断指标.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the application value of plasma sHLA-G in diagnosis of CIN and cervical cancer. Methods The plasma sHLA-G levels were detected by ELISA in 102 cases with cervical cancer( FIGO Ⅰ stage 32 cases, Ⅱ stage 28 cases, Ⅲ stage 25 cases and Ⅳstage 17 cases; tumor size:＜4 cm 63 cases and ≥4 cm 39 cases; squamous cell carcinoma 78 cases and adenocarcinoma 24 cases;cell differentiation:well 57 cases, moderate 29 cases and poor 16 cases; lymph nodes metastasis negative64 cases and positive 38 cases ), 72 cases with CIN( Ⅰ grade 21 cases, Ⅱ grade 25 cases and Ⅲ grade26 cases ) and 20 cases of healthy controls. The diagnostic value of sHLA-G and its correlations with clinical parameters were analyzed. Results The plasma levels of sHLA-G were 193.6( 151.3-287.4 ) kU/L in cervical cancer group, 48.3( 34.6-57.2 ) kU/L in CIN Ⅰ group, 91.3( 68.2-118.6 ) kU/L in CIN Ⅱ group, 106.4( 73.8-165.7 ) kU/L in CIN Ⅲ group and 45.2( 38.0-55.5 ) kU/L in health control group.The level of sHLA-G was significantly higher in cervical cancer group than that in CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ group, CIN Ⅲ group and healthy control group( U value of 8.832, 6.456, 4.017, 9.873, P ＜ 0.05,respectively ). The level of sHLA-G was significantly higher in CIN Ⅱ group and CIN Ⅲ group than that in CIN Ⅰ group and health control group( U value of 4.361,4.892, 5.139, 5.485, P ＜0.05, respectively ).The levels of SCC Ag in healthy control group, CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ group, CIN Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group were 0.43( 0.38-0.69 )μg/L, 0.47( 0.35-0.72 )μg/L, 0.65( 0.53-0.81 )μg/L, 0.82( 0.54-1.03 )μg/L and 1.02( 0.62-1.87 )μg/L. The level of SCC-Ag was significantly higher in cervical cancer group than that in CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ group and healthy control group( U value of 7.926, 4.877, 8.132,P ＜0.05, respectively ). The level of SCC-Ag was significantly higher in CIN Ⅲ group than that in CIN Ⅰ group and health control group( U value of 6.574, 6.763, P ＜0.05, respectively ). The levels of CA125 in healthy control group, CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ group, CIN Ⅲ group and cervical cancer group were 14.38 ( 6.14-21.82 ) kU/L, 15.42( 6.25-23.53 ) kU/L, 21.34( 9.82-32.58 ) kU/L, 25.69( 14.47-38.71 )kU/L and 27.72( 14.29-43.87 ) kU/L. The level of CA125 was significantly higher in cervical cancer group than that in CIN Ⅰ group, CIN Ⅱ group and healthy control group( U value of 7.564, 4.522, 7.429, P ＜0.05, respectively ). The level of CA125 was significantly higher in CIN Ⅲ group than that in CIN Ⅰ group and health control group( U value of 5.871, 5.435, P ＜0.05, respectively ). ROC curve analysis showed AUC for sHLA-G was 0.828( 95% CI:0.768-0.879 ), which was high as compared with the AUC of SCC-Ag [ 0.727( 95% CI:0.658-0.788 );Z = 2.294, P ＜ 0.05 ] and the AUC of CA125 [ 0.705( 95% CI:0.636-0.769 );Z =2.842 ,P ＜0.05 ]. There was no significant difference of diagnostic efficiency between SCC and CA125( Z =0.672, P ＞ 0.05 ). When cutoff value of sHLA-G was 109.6 kU/L, the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate were 86.3%, 76.1%,80.0%, 83.3%, and 78.4%, respectively. The levels of sHLA-G in cervical cancer patients were significantly correlated with FIGO stages and lymphoid node metastasis ( U value of 6.085, 4.451, P ＜0.05, respectively ), while there were no significant differences between the levels of sHLA-G and age,tumor size, histological type and cell differentiation( U value of 1.274, 1.956, 1.268, 2.719, P ＞0.05,respectively ). Conclusions sHLA-G can be used for the early screening of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesion. It could also be used as an index for judging progression and lymphoid node metastasis.     

新型甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患者病程早期的预后因素分析

目的 分析86例新型甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患者的临床资料,探讨在病程早期各临床指标与预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月至2010年2月中国医科大学附属第一医院急诊监护室( EICU)救治的86例新型甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患者的临床资料,分析病程早期各临床指标对患者预后的预测价值.结果 86例患者平均发病3.2d来诊,死亡15例(占17.4％),机械通气治疗12例.来诊后首次外周血白细胞总数(WBC) (6358±483) /mm3,其中WBC减少(＜4000/mm3)的患者占54.7％,死亡组患者中WBC减少的比例高于存活组(80.0％vs.49.3％),差异具有统计学意义(x2 =4.71,P＜0.05).存活组患者外周血淋巴细胞计数(Lym)与死亡组比较[(1466±582)/mm3 vs.(1324±398) /mm3]差异具有统计学意义(t=2.03,P＜0.05),死亡组患者中Lym减少(＜800 /mm3)者占的比例高于存活组(86.7％ vs.54.9％),差异具有统计学意义(x2=5.22,P＜0.05).有72例患者进行了T淋巴细胞亚群检测,CD4+T淋巴细胞为(386.8±295.3)/mm3,存活组为(424.8±231.6) /mm3 (n=57),与死亡组(242.5 ±99.1)/mm3 (n=15)比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.14,P＜0.05).患者血清肌酸激酶(CK)平均为(660.6 ±87.2) U/L,存活组与死亡组比较(632.3 ±47.9) U/L vs.(794.5±85.1) U/L差异具有统计学意义(t=2.25,P＜0.05).存活组患者CK升高(＞135 U/L)的比例与死亡组(70.4％ vs 93.3％)比较差异具有统计学意义(x2 =5.87,P＜0.05).血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)为(866.5±47.5) U/L,存活组与死亡组比较(832.3±56.1) U/Lvs.(1028.6±97.3) U/L差异具有统计学意义(=2.31,P＜0.05).按照体质量指数(BMI) ≥25 kg/m2的判断标准,肥胖症患者占38.4％(33例),存活组肥胖症20例(28.2％)与死亡组(13例,86.7％)比较差异具有统计学意义(x2=17.92,P＜0.01),存活组BMI与死亡组比较[(17.8±5.8) kg/m2vs.(25.3±3.3) kg/m2]差异具有统计学意义(t=2.21,P＜0.05).患者的病死率随着BMI的增加而上升(r=0.37,P=0.048).结论 SOFA、MEDS、CURB-65等目前急诊常用的病情危险程度分层方法并不能有效预测甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患者的预后,外周血淋巴细胞计数、血清肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶、体质量指数可能是病程早期评估新型甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患者预后的指标,早期进行相应检查对于判断新型甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎患者预后具有重要价值.     

脑梗死患者血清心肌酶变化60例临床分析

目的 研究急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶谱的动态变化及临床意义.方法 选择60例急性脑梗死患者,在入院1、3、7、14 d测定心肌酶,总结脑梗死后心肌酶谱的动态变化规律；伴随心肌酶谱升高者分别再按照是否再梗死、有无意识障碍进行分组.统计病死率判断预后.结果 60例脑梗死患者在入院1、3、7、14 d,心肌酶谱水平升高异常率分别为65.0％(39/60)、51.8％(29/56)、25.9％(14/54)、7.4％ (4/54)；与未再梗死患者相比,再梗死患者心肌酶谱肌酸激酶(CK)[(425 ±130) U/L与(308±125) U/L,t=-1.337,P＜0.05]、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)[(377±98) U/L与(244 ±85) U/L,t=-2.544,P＜0.05]、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBD)[(426±138) U/L与(280±135) U/L,t=-2.871,P＜0.05]较高；脑梗死后心肌酶谱生化指标入院1d内开始升高,3d达到高峰,以后逐渐恢复正常；与无意识障碍患者相比,有意识障碍患者CK[(430±109) U/L与(297 ±95) U/L,t=2.212,P＜0.05]、CK-MB[(41±16) U/L与(23 ±12) U/L,t=2.667,P＜0.05]、LDH[(312±88) U/L与(230±87) U/L,t=1.782,P＜0.05]、α-HBD[(414±132) U/L与(255±110) U/L,t=2.430,P＜0.05]显著升高；脑梗死后心肌酶谱水平升高患者病死率为25.6％(10/39),高于未伴随心肌酶谱水平升高患者的4.7％(1/21)(x2=3.9744,P＜0.05).结论 脑梗死后心肌酶谱水平有一个动态变化的过程,入院3d达峰值,以后逐渐恢复正常；心肌酶谱升高水平与患者脑梗死后是否再梗死、有无意识障碍及预后有关.     

血清IgG4和CA199联合检测在自身免疫性胰腺炎和胰腺癌鉴别诊断中的意义

目的研究血清IgG4在中国人自身免疫性胰腺炎（AIP）中的诊断价值．并探讨联合检测血清糖类抗原199（CA199）在AIP和胰腺癌鉴别诊断中的作用。方法750例慢性胰腺炎患者和30例胰腺癌患者血样采白2009年8月至2010年7月消化科门诊或住院患者;30名正常健康人血样取自血站和体检部。血清IgG4浓度采用速率散射比浊法测定,血清CA199浓度采用电化学免疫发光法测定。各组间血清IgCA和CA199浓度变化的差异采用非参数统计分析。结果750例慢性胰腺炎患者血清中有28例血清IgG4浓度高于正常参考值上限（〉2．0g／L）,其中11例（1．4％）患者经影像学和胰腺穿刺活检病理检查等确诊为AIP,其IgG4浓度中位数为11．10（4．12～37．20）g／L;胰腺癌患者IgG4浓度为0．51（0．06～1．12）g/L,正常对照组IgG4浓度为0．56（0．18～1．50）g／L。AIP患者组血清中的IgG4浓度明显高于正常参考值上限,且明显高于胰腺癌患者和正常对照组（P〈0．0001）。胰腺癌组血清IgG4水平均低于正常参考值上限,与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义。所有确诊A1P患者血清CA199浓度7例患者轻、中度升高,余低于正常参考值上限（〈37U／L）,浓度中位数为41．48（0．60～136．40）U／L;然而胰腺癌组血清CA199浓度中位数为533．60（4．25～1000）U／L,明显高于AIP患者组（P〈0．01）。结论血清IgG4明显升高,用于辅助诊断AIP具有较高的特异性和敏感性,提示将IgG4水平纳入AIP的诊断标准对中国人也适用;在AIP和胰腺癌难以鉴别时,同时检测血清IgG4和CA199有助于临床对AIP和胰腺癌的鉴别诊断。     

广元市体检人群中各型肝炎病毒血清学流行情况调查分析

[目的]调查和分析广元市体检人群中各型肝炎病毒血清学流行情况.[方法]回顾性分析2011～2015年在本院健康体检的甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)、戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)各型病毒性肝炎的血清学数据,分析和比较各年间各型肝炎病毒抗体和乙肝表面抗原(HB-sAg)阳性率的差异.[结果]2011～2015年HAVIgM抗体阳性率为0.17％(2/1197),HBsAg阳性率为2.89％(1722/59569);HAVIgG抗体阳性率为0.97％(335/34628);HDVIgM抗体阳性率为0.11％ (1/948);HEVIgM抗体阳性率为4.14％(41/991).2011～2015年HBsAg检测阳性率分别为3.40％,3.03％,2.88％,2.66％,2.58％,各年间相比较差异具有显著性(x2=17.385,P＜0.01).HAVIgG抗体检测阳性率分别为1.47％,1.12％,0.86％,0.89％,0.74％,各年间比较差异亦有显著性(x 2=19.853,P＜0.01).[结论]广元市体检人群中乙肝和丙肝的检测阳性率较高,且呈逐年下降的趋势.     

尿液B型钠尿肽水平在慢性心力衰竭诊断中的意义

目的 探讨尿液BNP水平对慢性心力衰竭的诊断价值。方法采用微粒酶免疫测定法检测83例慢性心力衰竭患者（NYHAⅠ ～Ⅳ级）和30名健康对照者的尿液和血浆BNP浓度,同时采用NYHA标准对心功能进行分级,并用超声心动图检查评定患者心功能。结果慢性心力衰竭组尿液BNP水平为[90.0(38.3～209.5)]ng/L,血浆BNP水平为[680.0(289.7 ～ 1543.5)]ng/L,明显高于健康对照组的[17.0（13.0 ～33.0）]ng/L和[84.5(56.0～158.0)]ng/L,差异均有统计学意义（U值分别为207.5、71.0,P均＜0.01）。随心功能NYHA分级的增高,尿液BNP水平逐渐升高。尿液BNP水平与血浆BNP水平呈正相关(r=0.842,P＜0.01),与NYHA分级呈正相关(r =0.742,P＜0.01),与LVEF呈负相关（r=-0.801,P＜0.01）。LVEF＜ 40％患者的尿液BNP水平为[143.0(85.0 ～258.0)]ng/L,LVEF≥40％患者的尿液BNP水平为[31.5(17.3～38.8)]ng/L,差异有统计学意义(U=80.0,P＜0.01)。以36.5 ng/L为临界值时,尿液BNP诊断慢性心力衰竭的敏感度为84％,特异度为80％。结论 尿液BNP对慢性心力衰竭的诊断有重要意义,与血浆BNP具有相似的诊断价值。     

渗出性胸腔积液135例诊断分析

目的 探讨腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原153(CA153)、神经元烯醇化酶(NSE)、糖类抗原199(CA199)对渗出性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值.方法 应用电化学发光法测定胸腔积液患者的血清及胸水CEA、CA153、NSE、CA199水平,采用酶偶联速率法测定胸水ADA水平,并评价联合检查对胸腔积液的诊断价值.结果 结核性胸腔积液组胸水ADA含量为(65.89±19.81)U/L,恶性组为(27.44±22.64)U/L,炎性组为(17.33±16.58)U/L,结核组显著高于其余2组(q=12.19、10.72,P均＜0.01).结性胸腔积液组ADA阳性29例(82.88%),恶性组11例(13.41%),炎性纽2例(11.11%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=59.07,P＜0.01).恶性胸腔积液组CEA、CA153、NSE、CA199含量和阳性率均高于结核组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),炎性组和恶性组相比差异无统计学意义.82例恶性胸腔积液患者血清4项肿瘤标记物联检阳性率为74.3%(61/82),胸腔积液中阳性率为82.9%(68/82).结论 ADA、CEA、CA153、NSE、CA199联合检测对胸腔积液的鉴别诊断具有一定意义.     

Migraine and genetic and acquired vasculopathies

It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.     

创伤高血糖与感染和MODS早期诊断和干预

本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。     

腹膜后纤维化与肾积水发生关系的临床研究

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化（RPF）导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法：回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果：（1）RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛（69.2%）;（2）红细胞沉降率（ESR）增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影（IVP）和CT尿路成像（CTU）表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例（37.5%）,优于超声检查;（3）输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;（4）特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论：影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。     

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions

Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.     

Physician and Nurse Practitioner Teamwork and Job Satisfaction: Gender and Profession

Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.     

Telemedicine and teleradiology technologies and applications

Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.     

探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与支原体感染的关系及临床治疗观察

目的探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与肺炎支原体（MP）感染的关系及临床疗效观察。方法采用回顾性研究方法对于现将2005年3月至2008年3月在我院的55例确诊慢性顽固性咳嗽患儿,主要表现为肺炎支原体感染为临床特点进行分析,并进一步临床治疗研究。结果①临床特点：在55例确诊慢性咳嗽的患儿中,以慢性顽固性咳嗽为主要症状。58％（32／55）的病例无肺部体征;②外周血：85％（47／55）的病例外周血变化不大,WBC（4—10）×10 9／L之间,嗜酸性粒细胞增多;③特别检查：47．27％（26／55）肺炎支原体IgM（MP—IgM）抗体阳性,83．64％（46／55）PeR技术检测肺炎支原体特异性DNA;④X光报告为多种形式。结论肺炎支原体（MP）感染是引起儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽的病因之一,对儿童慢性咳嗽,特别是顽固性咳嗽的诊治中应更加重视。     

妊娠合并血小板减少症与心、肝、肾脏器损伤

目的探讨妊娠合并血小板减少症伴随重要脏器的损伤情况。方法前瞻性研究我院及北华大学附属医院2004年10月至2005年5月妊娠合并血小板减少症的临床资料，对41例妊娠合并血小板减少症者尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（CREA）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的测定及妊娠期高血压疾病与血小板计数（PLT），血小板平均体积（MPV）和血小板体积分布宽度（PDW）参数的测定进行对比分析。结果妊娠合并血小板减少症患者心、肝、肾等重要脏器均有不同程度的改变，且随着血小板计数降低，损害程度加剧，差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）。妊娠期高血压疾病，随着疾病程度的加重，血小板计数较正常孕妇明显减少，MPV、PDW明显升高，有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论血小板参数是判断疾病的重要参考指标，肝、肾、心脏器损伤程度与血小板计数具有相关性。     

Literature and poetry: Pleasure and practice

The value of a humanities perspective in the initial and continuing education of practising nurses and midwives is discussed briefly. It is suggested that nursing requires a blend of both science and sensitivity and that empirical knowledge alone is insufficient for one who cares for others. The value of literature in relation to the notions of catharsis, vicarious experience and insight into the lives of patients will be discussed. Some examples of literature that may be used to help nurses gain insight into aspects of death and dying, midwifery, physical disability and mental illness are presented.