腹膜后纤维化的综合影像诊断

目的 探讨腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾分析经临床病理证实的9例：RPF的IVP、B超、CT及MRI表现。结果 RPF的影像学表现为腹膜后弥漫性斑块或肿块及腹膜后脏器的浸润，多伴有肾盂输尿管扩张。结论 CT和MRI能全面反映腹膜后病变的各种表现，并能进行分期及疗效监测。综合分析各种影像学检查有助于RPF的诊断。     

腹膜后纤维化的超声诊断

目的 探讨腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的超声诊断,加深对腹膜后纤维化的认识.方法 对7例临床收治的腹膜后纤维化病例超声表现进行回顾性分析.结果 7例超声图像均表现为腹膜后弥漫性斑块或肿块及腹膜后脏器的浸润,都伴有肾盂输尿管扩张.结论 超声可直接显示腹膜后纤维斑块,同时发现累及输尿管及引起的肾盂、输尿管积水,具有特征性表现,可作为该病的首选检查方法.     

特发性腹膜后纤维化的超声诊断体会

回顾分析经临床病理及治疗随访证实的5例特发性腹膜后纤维化(RPF)患者的超声表现。结果RPF的超声表现为腹膜后大血管周围弥漫分布的低-中回声团块,多伴有肾盂输尿管扩张。超声可直接显示腹膜后纤维斑块,反应大血管、肾和输尿管受累情况,从而指导临床作出该病的相关诊治。     

腹膜后纤维化的超声特征分析

目的探讨腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的超声影像学特征。方法回顾分析10例经手术病理证实的RPF患者的超声征象,观察腹膜后有无异常团状回声,记录病灶位置、大小、形态、回声、毗邻及血供情况。结果 10例RPF患者腹主动脉周围均可见团状低回声包绕,4例下腔静脉亦受累;8例伴泌尿系阳性征象,其中3例双侧肾积水,输尿管扩张,低回声病灶包绕输尿管;3例左侧肾积水、输尿管扩张;2例右侧肾积水,梗阻水平以上输尿管明显扩张。超声明确诊断5例,2例仅提示肾积水或输尿管扩张,3例诊断为腹部包块。结论 RPF主要以腹膜后大血管周围的软组织团状回声为特异性征象,特别是超声首诊发现不明原因的肾积水、输尿管扩张时,应考虑该病的可能。     

腹膜后纤维化致肾积水6例分析

腹膜后纤维化（RPF）是腹膜后纤维结缔组织发生广泛纤维化，并可压迫血管、神经、胃肠道和输尿管等而出现临床梗阻症状，其中以输尿管周围发生纤维化粘连，包绕压迫上尿路引起肾积水和肾功能衰竭最为常见。因其症状隐匿，缺乏特征性表现，临床上容易误诊。我们1997-09～2004-09共收治腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者6例，现分析如下。     

多层螺旋CT对腹膜后纤维化的诊断价值

目的总结腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)影像学征象,提高对此罕见病的认识和诊断水平。方法对11例RPF病例的MSCT图像资料进行回顾性分析,其中男7例,女4例,平均年龄49.6岁。11例患者均行平扫及增强扫描,并结合多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)和CT尿路造影(CTU)后处理图像进行分析。结果 11例患者CT平扫均表现为腹膜后不规则肿块或弥漫型软组织病变,其中肿块型4例,弥漫型7例,呈等密度或稍低密度;增强扫描有8例轻-中度强化,3例无明显强化;11例患者均不同程度包绕腹膜后大血管、一侧或双侧输尿管。结论 MSCT检查结合MPR、CPR和CTU后处理技术,可以清晰显示RPF的影像学征象及病变范围,对于提高RPF早期诊断正确率、指导临床治疗及预后有重要价值。更多还原     

腹膜后纤维化的超声征象分析并文献复习

【】目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化(Retroperitoneal Fibrosis,RPF)的超声影像学特征。方法：对10例腹膜后纤维化的超声征象进行总结,结合相关文献进行回顾性分析。结果：10例患者腹主动脉周围均可见低回声团包绕,8例伴泌尿系阳性征象(3例双侧、2例右侧、3例左侧),4例下腔静脉亦受累；超声明确诊断的有5例,2例仅提示肾积水或输尿管扩张,另3例诊断为腹部包块。结论：RPF主要以腹膜后大血管周围的软组织回声团为超声特异性征象,特别是首诊发现不明原因的肾积水、输尿管扩张时,应考虑本病的可能。     

腹膜后纤维化致肾积水4例报告

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化的病因、诊断及治疗方法。，方法：采用输尿管松解、带蒂大网膜包裹的方法治疗腹膜后纤维化致肾积水4例。结果：随访0．5～3年，4例患者肾功能正常，肾积水基本消失。1例继发性腹膜后纤维化患者因肾积水严重，行患肾切除术，随访3年4个月，对侧肾功能正常。结论：逆行肾盂造影是重要的诊断手段，带蒂大网膜包裹手术是有效的治疗方法。     

16层螺旋CT泌尿系成像的临床应用价值

研究16层螺旋CT泌尿系成像的临床应用价值。回顾性分析收治的泌尿系疾病患者150例的临床资料,均行静脉肾盂造影(IVP)检查和16层螺旋CT尿路扫描(CTU)检查,其中膀胱癌16例、肾盂源性囊肿及肾盂旁囊肿9例、肾输尿管结石70例、双侧巨输尿管症8例、肾盂输尿管连接处畸形5例、肾盂输尿管肿瘤42例。比较IVP、CTU检查的准确率、检查时间。CTU检查的准确率高于IVP、检查所用时间短于IVP。应用16层螺旋CT能清楚显示泌尿系统病变和尿路空间关系、解剖结构、双肾功能。检查过程、后期处理方便快捷、安全性高,尿路成像完整清晰,可为临床诊断提供直观、准确、丰富的参考依据,具有较高的应用价值。     

低剂量碘海醇 CT 尿路成像在小儿肾积水检查中的应用价值

【目的】探讨低剂量碘海醇CT尿路成像（CTU）在小儿肾积水检查中的应用价值。【方法】选择小儿肾积水患儿46例,均采用低剂量碘海醇（2mL／kg）CTU检查,其中38例同时行静脉尿路造影（IVU）检查,并以术后病理学检查结果作为最终诊断依据,比较CTU与IVU诊断符合率及图片显像效果。【结果】38例患儿在术前IVU检查结果显示：尿路显影21例（55．26％）,未显影17例（44．74％）,假阳性2例（5．26％）;CTU检查结果显示：尿路显影42例（913．0％）,未显影4例（87．0％）,CTU技术对积水的诊断无一例假阳性。CTU检查尿路显影率显著高于IVU检查,其差异均有统计学意义（P＜00．5）。轻度肾积水患儿的图像质量评优率明显高于重度患儿,其差异有统计学意义（P＜00．5）。【结论】肾积水患儿行低剂量碘海醇CTU检查,其对肾及输尿管显像好,可客观、准确的判断小儿肾积水情况,为后期治疗提供依据。     

CT诊断腹膜后纤维化

目的 评价CT诊断腹膜后纤维化的价值. 方法 分析经临床病理证实的9例腹膜后纤维化的CT表现.9例均接受CT平扫及增强扫描,采用多平面重建 (MPR) 技术行后处理. 结果 所有患者CT平扫表现腹膜后近似于肌肉密度的不规则形软组织病变,包绕腹膜后大血管,6例伴有肾盂输尿管扩张积水.增强扫描示8例病变不同程度强化,1例无明显强化. 结论 CT能很好显示腹膜后纤维化病变的各种表现,当腹膜后病变包绕腹膜后大血管,合并肾盂及输尿管扩张积水时应考虑到本病.     

5例继发性腹膜后纤维化诊治分析

目的继发性腹膜后纤维化(retroperitoneal fibrosis,RPF)发病率低,临床缺乏特征性表现,早期诊断困难,常致误治。通过总结分析后,旨在提高对该病的早期诊断率。方法回顾性分析继发于胃肠道手术后RPF5例患者的诊疗经过进行总结分析。结果继发于恶性肿瘤行肠梗阻转流术3例和乙状结肠造瘘术1例后于3~13周内死亡,继发于外伤性行肠梗阻转流后效果良好。结论遇到患者腹部手术后1~3个月之间,如出现主诉模糊不清和出现不同程度的腹、腰背疼痛或腹部肿块,而临床上又不能用某些疾病进行解释时,应考虑到RPF的可能。B超可以了解肾盂积水情况,CT和MRI检查对RPF的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。非恶性肿瘤的RPF在炎症活动期应内科治疗,晚期出现腹膜后空腔脏器梗阻时则需外科手术治疗,而继发于恶性肿瘤者预后极差。     

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis with particular perirenal and intrarenal extension associated with left renal artery stenosis. The atheromatous periaortitis with retroperitoneal fibrosis suggests a pathogenic relationship between atherosclerosis and fibrosis?

We present a case of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) in a female patient of 45 years, obese (BMI = 39 kg/sqm), hypertensive since 2005, with diabetes mellitus treated with diet and diabetes insipidus in whom, during a routine control, the following has been found: serum creatinine 1.74 mg/dl, and an inflammatory syndrome associated with fever. Spiral-CT (Multi-slice-Sensation 64) scan shows retroperitoneal fibrosis in relation with periaortitis that affects the thoracic and abdominal aorta. RPF is extending perirenally and at the level of the renal hilum with subsequent calyceal dilations (hydrocalycosis) associated with left renal artery stenosis. The particularity of the case is represented by the perirenal and intrarenal evolution of fibrosis with left renal artery stenosis with moderate impairment of renal function reversible under treatment with Tamoxifen. This case, with chronic periaortitis subsequent to an extended aortic atherosclerosis with retroperitoneal fibrosis can be representative for the pathogenic relationship between atherosclerosis and fibrosis.     

腹膜后纤维化16例误诊分析

目的分析腹膜后纤维化(retroperitoneal fibrosis, RPF)误诊原因,提高临床医生对本病的认识。方法回顾分析我院16例RPF误诊病例资料。结果 16例均以腰背部疼痛不适为主要症状,伴恶心、呕吐2例,血尿4例,伴肾区叩击痛11例,触及上腹部包块7例,伴腹胀6例,下肢水肿3例。CT扫描16例均见腹主动脉周围有低密度灶包裹,边界不清,6例累及髂血管,4例累及下腔静脉;8例腹主动脉管壁不规则增厚,正常结构消失,管腔轻度狭窄;10例出现肾积水,4例病变侵犯输尿管,病灶以上段输尿管明显扩张、包埋段输尿管显示不清;7例行增强CT扫描,病灶强化不明显或稍强化。误诊为腹主动脉大动脉炎8例、输尿管肿瘤及腹部包块性质待查各4例。16例均行手术治疗,经术中病理均诊断为RPF,予手术缓解输尿管梗阻及周围组织血管压迫,术后予抗生素、糖皮质激素等治疗后出院,随诊1年均未见复发。结论当临床遇及腰背痛、腹膜后组织肿物或不明原因出现尿路梗阻症状患者,CT检查发现有异常密度灶包绕腹膜后大血管,并伴肾积水、输尿管扩张征象时,应想到本病可能,及时行CT增强扫描,结合患者症状体征及相关检查结果,综合分析病情,仔细鉴别诊断,必要时可行手术病理检查明确诊断。     

微创治疗腹膜后纤维化10例临床护理

目的:探讨微创治疗腹膜后纤维化(RPF)患者的护理方法。方法:对10例RPF患者行微创治疗,同时给予精心护理。结果:本组2例行输尿管D-J管置入术,1例治愈,1例好转;3例行肾穿刺造瘘术,2例好转,1例死亡;5例行腹腔镜输尿管粘连松解术,4例治愈,1例好转。术后随访0.5～5.0年,3例肾功能恢复正常,2例肾积水患者积水消失,1例死于尿毒症。结论:对RPF行微创治疗患者加强护理,可确保治疗效果,提高患者的生活质量。     

24例腹膜后纤维化诊治分析

目的:总结腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的临床诊断及治疗体会。方法:回顾性分析24例RPF致上尿路梗阻患者的临床资料、治疗经过及随访结果。结果:RPF患者首发症状为腰、腹痛(66.7%);CT发现腹膜后软组织肿物20例(83.3%),B超发现的为4例(16.7%);18例患者行输尿管松懈并腹膜内迁移术,6例患者行输尿管双J管置入术,所有患者术后均接受泼尼松龙治疗,随访4～96个月,2例对侧复发。结论:ESR、CRP对诊断RPF特异度较低,CT发现腹膜后软组织肿物的敏感度高于超声检查,输尿管松懈加大网膜包裹或腹腔内迁移术联合术后激素治疗是治疗RPF的有效手段。     

Rethinking the triggering inflammatory processes of chronic periaortitis

Chronic periaortitis (CP) is an uncommon inflammatory disease which primarily involves the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta. However, CP should be regarded as a generalized disease with three different pathophysiological entities, namely idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm and perianeurysmal RPF. These entities share similar histopathological characteristics and finally will lead to fibrosis of the retroperitoneal space. Beside fibrosis, an infiltrate with variable chronic inflammatory cell is present. The majority of these cells are lymphocytes and macrophages as well as vascular endothelial cells, most of which are HLA-DR-positive. B and T cells are present with a majority of T cells of the T-helper phenotype. Cytokine gene expression analysis shows the presence of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma and IL-2 receptors. Adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were also found in aortic tissue, and may play a significant role in CP pathophysiology. Although CP pathogenesis remains unknown, an exaggerated inflammatory response to advanced atherosclerosis (ATS) has been postulated to be the main process. Autoimmunity has also been proposed as a contributing factor based on immunohistochemical studies. The suspected allergen may be a component of ceroid, which is elaborated within the atheroma. We review the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of CP, and its potential links with ATS. Clinically relevant issues are summarized in each section with regard to the current working hypothesis of this complex inflammatory disease.     

Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: case report and review of the literature

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) is a rare disease of unknown origin, characterised by an inflammatory proliferative fibrosing process occurring in the retroperitoneum. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a form of chronic thyroiditis that in some cases shows an extensive replacement of thyroid parenchyma by fibrous tissue. We report the rare association of IRF with HT in a 68-year-old woman presenting with pulmonary oedema, acute renal failure due to bilateral hydronephrosis and a firm diffuse goitre with hypothyroidism. The so far reported cases of IRF associated with chronic thyroiditis are reviewed, and the possible aetiopathogenetic link between these two entities is discussed.     

Retroperitoneal fibrosis: unusual cause of low back pain

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon collagen vascular disease with a male predominance. Back pain with no specific radiation pattern is common, and bilateral obstructive uropathy, potentially reversible, is frequently associated with RPF. We report a case of RPF and review its diagnosis and management.