2010年兵团甲型H1N1流感血清学检测结果分析

目的:了解兵团2010年自然人群新甲型H1N1流感抗体水平及流行趋势。方法:利用血凝抑制(HI)试验方法检测兵团不同时间、人群新甲型H1N1流感抗体,比较不同时间、人群的新甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率。结果:从1月-3月不同时间的检测,甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率随着时间推移总体呈现下降趋势,依次为16.7%、15.6%、5.0和4.6%,差别有统计学意义。不同年龄组人群的甲型H1N1抗体阳性率差别较大,7岁～17岁年龄组最高(35.0%),不同年龄组抗体阳性率(P)差别有统计学意义。不同年龄组人群接种甲型H1N1疫苗后抗体阳性率差别无统计学意义。结论:兵团有10.2%的人群具有甲型H1N1流感保护性抗体,普通人群中已经建立一定的免疫屏障。7岁～17岁人群是新甲型H1N1流感暴发的主要人群,应重点防控。     

淄博市甲型H1N1流感感染状况的调查

目的了解淄博市不同人群甲型H1N1流感实际感染水平和动态变化趋势,为应对流感大流行,完善防控措施提供可靠依据。方法 2010年1月～9月期间,采取多阶段随机抽样方法抽取4500名调查对象,进行问卷调查,并采集血清利用血凝抑制方法检测甲型H1N1流感抗体水平。结果该市甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性率为25.60%,自然感染率为21.09%,显性感染和隐性感染比例为1.97︰1;抗体阳性率以16～24和6～15岁年龄组最高,60岁以上年龄组最低;教师和学生阳性率最高,医务人员阳性率相对较低;第1次调查抗体阳性率最高,第3次调查最低,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗半年后抗体阳性率为11.36%。结论甲型H1N1流感大流行期间,该市实际感染人数远远超过确诊病例数,学龄人群和年轻人是最大的感染群体,人群中存在无症状感染者,自然感染或接种疫苗后抗体水平随时间推移逐步下降。     

北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平及其疫苗免疫效果

目的了解北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,评价甲型H1N1流感疫苗免疫效果,为卫生部门制定预防控制措施和策略提供依据。方法随机选取顺义区12个乡街的5岁以上健康人群(202名)采集免疫前静脉血检测抗体,评估健康人群抗体水平;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后,各年龄组随机选取部分人群做免疫后抗体水平检测,评估疫苗免疫效果。结果 202份血清标本中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平阳性率46.53%(94/202),与北京市人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测结果差异有统计学意义。抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)为32.78。不同性别人群之间甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义,不同年龄组之间抗体水平阳性率差异有统计学意义,25~29岁、10~14岁组抗体水平阳性率高。50名评估对象免疫前抗体阳性率50%(25/50),免疫后抗体阳性率94%(47/50),甲型H1N1流感抗体阳转率80%(30/50)。免疫前阴性和阳性评估对象之间抗体阳转率差异有统计学意义。评估对象总体抗体滴度呈6倍增高,各年龄组免疫前、后抗体GMRT的变化之间差异有统计学意义,25~29岁、60岁以上组滴度升高倍数最低。结论顺义区甲型H1N1流感实际感染数高于北京市甲型H1N1流感平均感染水平。疫苗接种使目标人群达到了形成该样本人群免疫屏障的要求,提示在甲型H1N1流感大流行之际接种疫苗是控制疫情的必要手段。免疫前抗体水平、年龄是甲型H1N1流感抗体阳转率的影响因素。     

陕西省甲型H1N1流感人群感染状况调查

目的 分析甲型H1N1流感疫情的时间分布特征和检测抽样人群血凝抗体水平,拟合人群实际感染和免疫状况.方法 对陕西省的甲型H1N1流感全部、重症和死亡病例进行时间分布描述,并在流行高峰后第2、4个月,对9 006名分层整群抽样人群进行甲型H1N1流感血凝抗体检测.结果 甲型H1N1流感的流行经过了输入期、国内流行期、快速放大期、危重病例出现期和流行高峰后期等5个流行过程;流行高峰后,甲型H1N1流感血凝抗体阳性率大城市高于中小城镇和农村,男性高于女性,6～17岁中小学年龄段人群阳性率最高,60岁～人群最低,人群隐性感染率23.40%:感冒对甲型H1N1流感抗体形成的超额贡献率为4.87%;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的净阳转率为25.10%,在1:20以上各滴度中,接种组抗体形成率高于非接种组0.75～1.52倍.结论 甲型H1N1流感流行经历了5期过程,人群隐性感染率23.40%,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的净阳转率为25.10%.     

长沙市甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的了解长沙市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况和免疫水平。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从长沙五个城区选取1 500人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抗体检测。结果调查人群中共有559人甲型H1N1流感抗体呈阳性,阳性率37.27%;经标化后,估计长沙市城区人群抗体阳性率为30.47%。按年龄组分,6~15岁(55.97%)和16~24岁(50.51%)组抗体阳性率较高;按职业分,学生(56.35%)和医务人员(57.14%)抗体阳性率较高。已接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群抗体阳性率(77.08%)明显高于未接种组(27.81%)。长沙市普通人群甲型H1N1流感的感染率27.81%,隐性感染者比例为41.54%。2009年5月-2010年1月流感样病例的抗体阳性率(36.04%)较非流感样病例(26.21%)高;2007-2010年1月接种过季节性流感疫苗人群的抗体阳性率(40.00%)高于未接种组(26.88%)。结论长沙市人群尚未建立应对甲型H1N1流感有效的免疫屏障,仍需加强防控;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是获得保护性抗体最有效的途径。     

西安市甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况调查

[目的]调查西安市区不同人群中甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,及时了解甲型H1N1流感病毒的感染状况.[方法]选取市内两个区,选定5个年龄组的1500人为调查对象,采用国家统一的调查表进行调查并采血.国家疾控中心统一用血凝抑制方法对血清标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体检测,抗体效价1:40判为阳性.[结果]实际共调查1508人,其中甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率为29.38%,抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)为25.29,6～15与16～24岁组抗体阳性率最高.男性人群抗体阳性率高于女性(χ2=6.90,P<0.05).接种甲流疫苗后人群抗体阳性率为62.90%,明显高于未接种疫苗人群的22.78%(χ2=168.01,P<0.001).[结论]我市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体水平不到30%,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗可显著提高人群的保护率.接种疫苗对于防控可能造成新的暴发流行的甲型H1N1流感仍然有效.     

重庆市3所医疗机构2014人甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学分析

[目的]了解对医疗机构就诊者甲型H1N1流感抗体水平现状,为制定针对性的防治措施提供依据.[方法]对1 367名门诊病例、277名健康体检人群和370名献血者进行流行病学调查并采集血清进行甲型H1N1流感血凝抑制(HI)试验.[结果]HI试验总体阳性率为11.8％ (95％CI:10.5％～13.3％),高滴度者(≥1:320)占阳性数的11.3％（95％CI:7.0％～15.6％),2周前出现过流感样症状之间、5～年龄组与其余3个年龄组间和是否接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗之间阳性几何平均倒数滴度(GMRT)的差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);Logistic回归分析结果均显示抗体阳性率与年龄、接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗和2周前出现过流感样症状者有统计学意义.[结论]重庆市甲型H1N1流感免疫水 平较低,易发生流行,及时接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗可提高人群免疫水平.     

湘西自治州甲型H1N1流感血清流行病学调查

目的 了解湘西自治州人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况和免疫水平,分析流感流行趋势,为制定针对性的防治措施提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2010年1月4月8月共选取675人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抗体检测.结果 在不同季节,不同职业人群中H1抗体阳性率不同(P＜0.05),同时在出现过急性呼吸道症以及接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群中H1抗体阳性率相对较高(P＜0.05).H1抗体GMT呈现季节性变化(P＜0.05),在不同年龄,不同职业人群中抗体水平大小差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.01).调查还发现发现出现过急性呼吸道症人群中抗体GMT和中位数高于未出现呼吸道症状者(P＜ 0.001);接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗者抗体GMT和中位数也同样高于未接种者(P＜ 0.001).在不同性别和民族人群中,抗体的阳性率和水平大小无统计学差异.结论 目前湘西地区甲型H1N1流感已经得到有效控制,但鉴于人群中保护性抗体水平季节性变化,下一阶段重点是定期开展快速的血清学监测,并且继续对高危人群实施甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种.     

北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平监测

目的:了解北京市顺义区健康人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平,为卫生部门制定预防控制措施和策略提供依据。方法:随机选取顺义区12个乡街的5岁以上健康人群采集免疫前静脉血检测抗体,评估健康人群抗体水平。结果:202份血清标本中甲流抗体水平阳性率46.53%(94/202),与北京市人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平检测结果差异有统计学意义。抗体几何平均滴度倒数(GMRT)为32.78。不同性别人群之间甲型H1Nl流感抗体阳性率无差别(P>0.05),不同年龄组之间抗体水平阳性率有差别(P<0.05),25岁～29岁、10岁～14岁组抗体水平阳性率高。结论:顺义区甲型H1N1流感实际感染数高于北京市甲型H1N1流感平均感染水平。甲型H1N1流感感染与性别无关,与年龄有关,感染主要集中在25岁～29岁、10岁～14岁组人群。     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群血清抗体阳性率及相关因素分析

目的 分析甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种效果和影响因素,为流感疫苗接种规划制定提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,在2010年1月、4月、8月共抽取1 941名甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种者进行问卷调查,并运用血清抗凝实验方法检测抗体水平.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗抗体阳性率为59.51%,0～岁和60岁及以上人群抗体阳性率较低,6～岁和16～岁人群抗体阳性率较高,抗体水平随时间推移逐渐下降.结论 流感疫苗是防止疫情最有效措施之一,在流感高峰期来临前,要加强疫苗接种、补种,特别是60岁及以上的老年人和5岁以下儿童.     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Protective efficacy of an inactivated Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza vaccine against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses in mice

Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses are prevalent in pigs in Europe and Asia, but occasionally cause human infection, which raises concern about their pandemic potential. Here, we produced a whole-virus inactivated vaccine with an EA H1N1 strain (A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011, SW/GX/18/11) and evaluated its efficacy against homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 influenza viruses in mice. A strong humoral immune response, which we measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN), was induced in the vaccine-inoculated mice upon challenge. The inactivated SW/GX/18/11 vaccine provided complete protection against challenge with homologous SW/GX/18/11 virus in mice and provided effective protection against challenge with heterologous H1N1 and H1N2 viruses with distinctive genomic combinations. Our findings suggest that this EA H1N1 vaccine can provide protection against both homologous H1N1 and heterologous H1N1 or H1N2 virus infection. As such, it is an excellent vaccine candidate to prevent H1N1 swine influenza.