人工髋关节置换术患者的围手术期护理

目的总结人工髋关节置换术患者的围手术期的护理方法及体会。方法针对35例人工髋关节置换患者进行术前访视,术中配合及术后护理,实行科学的人性化护理措施,使手术顺利进行。结果 35例手术均顺利进行,无手术并发症及手术切口感染,患者满意。结论做好患者术前访视及手术间物品充分准备,术中精心配合及术后访视,可提高手术成功率,减少并发症,提高患者满意度。     

老年患者全髋关节置换术的围手术期护理及康复指导

目的:探讨老年患者全髋关节置换术的围手术期护理.方法:对我院26例施行人工全髋关节置换术的患者的术前护理和术后并发症的预防等进行分析总结.结果:本组26例患者经过精心护理和康复训练后效果满意,无明显并发症发生.结论:人工全髋关节置换术是目前治疗髋关节疾患的有效的治疗方法,围术期采取合理有效的护理干预措施及正确的康复指导,能有效减少术后并发症的发生,对手术的成功起到了重要的作用.     

人工髋关节置换术患者的围术期护理

目的总结人工髋关节置换术患者的围术期护理经验。方法报告了96例患者髋关节置换术的围术期护理,术前护理重点:首先要正确评估病情及手术耐受力,有针对性地做好心理护理;进行术前心肺功能训练及体位锻炼,加强患者营养,增强机体免疫力及术后伤口愈合力,做好术前常规准备。术后密切观察生命体征及手术切口情况,保证功能体位,心肺功能有效训练,下肢功能康复训练。结果96例患者术后恢复良好,本组未发生皮肤压疮、肺部感染、栓塞性静脉炎、髋关节脱位等并发症。术后随访6个月～10年,髋关节活动功能良好。结论合理而周密的围术期护理是保证患者获得良好治疗顺利康复的重要医疗环节。     

一例双侧全髋关节同期置换术围术期的护理

目的通过1例双侧全髋关节置换术患者围术期的护理,有效预防并发症、促进术后功能恢复。方法对2008年4月1例行双侧全髋关节同期置换术的患者进行认真的术前准备,做好心理护理,术后密切观察生命体征及病情变化,做好活动指导,防止并发症的发生,以便达到手术的预期效果。结果患者手术顺利,术后恢复快,无并发症的发生。结论认为双侧全髋关节置换术围术期的护理是手术成败的关键。     

人工全髋关节置换术的围手术期整体护理

目的分析人工全髋关节置换术围术期整体护理效果。方法对46例接受人工全髋关节置换术的患者围术期间实施术前心理疏导、术后疼痛干预、康复功能锻炼指导、并发症的预防与观察等整体护理措施。结果 46例患者均成功完成手术,术后仅出现1例呼吸道感染,无压疮、下肢深静血栓形成等其他并发症发生。术后住院时间7~14 d,平均8.60 d。随访6~8个月,未发生关节僵硬、髋关节脱位等并发症。末次随访患髋Harris评分显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工全髋关节置换术患者多为老年人,实施围手术期整体护理能有效减少并发症的发生,缩短住院时间,提高患者术后恢复效果和生活质量。     

两种类型人工全髋关节置换术后体温变化的回顾性研究

[目的]研究骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术后与非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术后患者体温变化规律,为临床观察及治疗提供参考.[方法]对84例骨水泥型人工全髋关节和非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术患者术前3d、手术当天至术后12 d每日6:00、10:00、14:00、18:00、21:00、1:006个时间点的体温进行观察.[结果]骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术患者手术当天至术后7d的体温普遍高于非骨水泥型人工髋关节置换术患者.两种类型人工全髋关节置换术患者术后8～12d的平均体温、每日体温无明显差异.[结论]医务人员对骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术后与非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后患者体温变化要区别对待,做好观察及时处理,防止并发症的发生.     

人工全髋关节翻修术后的护理

目的 探讨人工全髋关节翻修术围手术期的护理方法与体会.方法 对20例人工全髋关节翻修术患者进行认真的术前、术后护理,预防并发症,指导患者及时进行功能锻炼.结果 本组20例患者均顺利完成了翻修手术,无感染和深静脉血栓的发生,髋关节效果满意.结论 人工全髋关节翻修手术创伤大,做好术前心理护理、认真术前准备,术后及时监测生命...     

浅谈人工全膝关节置换术的围手术期护理

目的:探讨人工全膝关节置换术患者手术后的护理,促进病人平日康复.方法:对49例人工全膝关节置换术患者围手术期进行规范管理.术前做好心理护理,进行一对一指导训练,术后做好病情观察及并发症的预防,教会患者康复训练的方法.结果:本组49理患者膝关节功能恢复良好生活质量改善,无1例并发症发生,均获得满意效果.结论:全膝人工膝关节置换术后,对病人进行整体护理时提高手术成功率、减少并发症的重要保证.     

人工全髋关节置换术的护理

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术的护理重点和难点,以期改善患者的预后.方法 通过对68例人工全髋关节置换术护理的回顾性分析,总结出改进方法.结果 患者均于拆线后出院,无并发症发生.随访0.5~1 a,髋关节功能良好,效果满意.结论 对人工全髋关节置换术的患者,做好术前和术后的护理,能有效地恢复关节功能,解除疼痛,减少致残率,提高患者的生命质量.     

人工假体置换术治疗老年髋部骨折35例

目的探讨人工假体置换术治疗合并糖尿病老年髋部骨折的可行性及优越性。方法回顾性研究2003年4月至2006年4月用人工假体置换术治疗35例合并糖尿病的老年髋部骨折,其中包括人工全髋关节假体置换27例．人工双动股骨头置换8例。结果所有患者均顺利通过围手术期,术后5例出现并发症,对症治疗后均治愈。33例获得随访,随访期间髋关节功能改善明显。结论人工假体置换术治疗此类患者,患者可以早期下地,髋关节功能改善明显。通过完善术前准备及术中操作,加强术后护理,可以减少围手术期并发症的发生。     

Epidemiology of dialysis patients and heart failure patients

The epidemiology of maintenance dialysis patients and heart failure patients has striking similarities. Both groups have a high prevalence of comorbid conditions, a high hospitalization rate, a low self-reported quality of life, and an excessively high mortality risk, mostly because of cardiovascular causes. Observational studies in both dialysis and heart failure patients have indicated the lack of a significant association between the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and mortality, or the existence of a paradoxic or reverse association, in that obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension appear to confer survival advantages. The time discrepancy between the 2 sets of risk factors, that is, overnutrition (long-term killer) versus undernutrition (short-term killer) may explain the overwhelming role of malnutrition, inflammation, and cachexia in causing the reverse epidemiology, which may exist in more than 20 million Americans. We have reviewed the opposing views about the concept of reverse epidemiology in dialysis and heart failure patients, the recent Die Deutsche Diabetes Dialyze study findings, and the possible role of racial disparities. Contradictory findings on hyperhomocysteinemia in dialysis patients are reviewed in greater details as a possible example of publication bias. Additional findings related to intravenous iron and serum ferritin, calcium, and leptin levels in dialysis patients may enhance our understanding of the new paradigm. The association between obesity and increased death risk in kidney transplanted patients is reviewed as an example of the reversal of reverse epidemiology. Studying the epidemiology of dialysis patients as the archetypical population with such paradoxic associations may lead to the development of population-specific guidelines and treatment strategies beyond the current Framingham cardiovascular risk factor paradigm.     

Postural control in siblings to scoliosis patients and scoliosis patients

The etiologic importance of postural dysfunction, as shown by many authors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), has been under great debate. The authors' hypothesis was that a factor that is involved in the development of the scoliotic curvature, would be present also in nonscoliotic siblings to scoliosis patients, as AIS is a hereditary transmitted disease. Postural function in 100 siblings to scoliotic children was investigated by means of stabilometry, and compared with a matched control group of healthy children, as well as a group of scoliotic children. The siblings showed a postural control function that was significantly different from both of the other groups. The siblings had a postural sway that was less than the sway measured in both controls and scoliosis patients. The sway was also more asymmetrical than in the two other groups. In the authors' opinion, the presence of this postural aberration in siblings indicates that it is a factor in the etiology of AIS.     

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压外科治疗2169例室间隔缺损的外科治疗

作者单位自１９６４年６月至１９９３年６月手术治疗室间隔缺损（室缺）２１６９例。其中围膜部室缺１５２０例、肺动脉下室缺３８０例、隔瓣后室缺２４９例、肌部室缺５例、左室右房通道７例、多发型室缺８例。手术死亡率为０．７４％。合并严重肺动脉高压２７１例中，５１例中进行肺组织活检，并按Ｈｅａｔｈ－Ｅｄｗａｒｄｓ分级，分为四级。术前应用硝普钠静点，可降低肺血管阻力。作者重点介绍了各种类型室缺的手术适应证和修复方法，合并严重肺动脉高压的围手术期处理以及合并畸形的矫正和并发症防治。     

110例冠状动脉旁路术的体会

１９９３年４月～１９９５年１２月，作者连续为１１０例患者施行了冠状动脉旁路术。患者多数为三支以上病变或左主干有５０％以上狭窄，其中单纯行旁路术９２例，同时行瓣膜置换或成形手术８例，室壁瘤切除术１０例，除１例死于急性肾功能衰竭外均痊愈出院，死亡率０．９％，近期疗效满意。作者强调在游离乳内动脉时要注意保护，吻合要细致，避免扭曲和有张力，冠状动脉旁路术的关键是吻合口要够大又不出血，充分恢复冠状动脉供血。要重视心肌保护和麻醉及体外循环的配合。