体外静脉-静脉转流在猪原位肝移植手术中应用的管理

目的　观察体外静脉 -静脉转流 (VVB)用于原位猪肝移植手术中受体血流动力学和血液生化的变化 ,探讨VVB在原位肝移植手术中应用的管理。方法　 2 8例原位肝移植手术受体猪采用静脉诱导插管后肌松控制呼吸。无肝期先采用离心泵行髂内与颈内静脉体外转流。阻断门静脉并插管后进行体外门、髂内静脉与颈内静脉转流。观察无肝前期、无肝期和新肝期等时点静脉引流、血流动力学和血液生化变化。结果　VVB时间为(79 2± 1 3 5 )min ;门静脉阻断时间为 (1 9 9± 4 3)min ;转流量 4 5 0～ 90 0ml/min ;转流中维持MAP 80～ 1 35mmHg ;CVP维持于 1 5 5～ 5 5cmH2 O。无肝期及新肝早期呈轻度酸中毒状态 ,无肝期 ,新肝早期血电解质正常。无肝期静脉引流充分 ,肠管色红润 ;尿量足。结论　采用离心泵VVB可较好地维持猪原位肝移植中血流动力学及内环境稳定     

猪原位肝移植围术期血流动力学及生化代谢变化的研究

目的：在体外静脉－静脉转流下行原位猪肝移植术，观察围术期血流动力学及生化代谢和小剂量多巴胺、硝普钠对肾功能的保护作用。方法：随机选择健康杂种猪１６头，静脉复合麻醉下，经右颈外静脉插入Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测血流动力学，自右颈内动脉和颈外静脉采血监测血气和血生化。无肝期采用门静脉和股静脉Ｙ型连接后，再与左颈外静脉连接，进行体外静脉－静脉转流。无肝前期小剂量多巴胺、硝普钠静脉联合用药并观察尿量。结果：无肝期和新肝期血流动力学变化剧烈并伴有代谢性酸中毒；血清Ｋ＾＋在新肝期有一过性升高；未出现少尿或无尿。结论：原位肝移植术中即使应用体外静脉－静脉转流术仍有血流动力学、酸碱及电解质的显著变化，小剂量多巴胺与硝普钠联合应用有助于肾功能维护。     

自制离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用

目的 比较观察自制简易离心泵和进口离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用。方法28头猪原位肝移植手术,根据体外静脉转流时采用离心泵的不同将受体猪分两组,A组采用进口离心泵,B组采用自制离心泵。观察无肝前期。无肝期开始时,无肝期开始后5,30min和新肝开放后30min等5个时点的静脉引流情况和血流动力学变化。结果 两组无肝期静脉引流均较充分,表现为无肝期间肠管颜色红润;转流中尿量足;两组各时点血流动力学无明显差异。结论 该院自制的离心泵用于猪原位肝移植实验无肝期的体外静脉转流,血液引流充分,能基本替代进口离心泵用于动物实验。     

自制离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用

目的比较观察自制简易离心泵和进口离心泵在猪原位肝移植术体外静脉转流中的应用.方法 28头猪原位肝移植手术,根据体外静脉转流时采用离心泵的不同将受体猪分两组, A组采用进口离心泵,B组采用自制离心泵.观察无肝前期、无肝期开始时,无肝期开始后 5,30 min 和新肝开放后 30 min 等5个时点的静脉引流情况和血流动力学变化.结果两组无肝期静脉引流均较充分,表现为无肝期间肠管颜色红润;转流中尿量足;两组各时点血流动力学无明显差异. 结论该院自制的离心泵用于猪原位肝移植实验无肝期的体外静脉转流,血液引流充分,能基本替代进口离心泵用于动物实验.     

猪原位肝移植中血流和血气的变化规律

目的：探讨猪原位肝移植手术中血流动力学、血气指标的变化规律及其对移植成功的影响,为临床移植做准备。方法：选择健康家猪进行16例原位肝移植,无肝期采用体外静脉转流技术。手术中连续监测血流动力学,并于不同时点抽取动脉血作血气分析。结果：血流动力学在无肝期开始及结束后短暂波动,血气在无肝期结束后有轻微改变。结论：猪原位肝移植过程中采用体外静脉转流技术及根据猪的解剖生理学特点改进和完善手术方法,手术过程中密切注意血流动力学及血气变化并及时采取相应措施是手术成功的关键。     

猪原位肝移植术的麻醉探讨

目的:探讨动物猪肝移植模型的麻醉处理和血流动力学的变化旨在为临床肝移植提供资料和经验。方法:头健24康杂种幼猪随机分成两组,供体头,受体头,气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉下实施手术,监测、、的变化,1212MAPCVPACT无肝期施行,观察三个时期的血流动力学变化。VVB结果:猪因其解剖的特殊性,行气管插管较困难,技术要求高,本组经口气管插管比较顺利,例经口插管成功,例行气管切开;无肝期和新肝早期的血流动力学变化最显著,体外静脉-静脉转213流有效地防止了下腔静脉阻断后血液回流障碍,较好地维持了循环的稳定;无肝期、新肝早期、新肝期体温下降和的改ACT变较无肝前期有显著性差异。结论:无肝期使用有利于维持血流动力学和生化的稳定,为临床肝移植提供了宝贵的经EVVB验。     

体外静脉——静脉转流在猪原位肝移植术的应用

目的：体外静脉转流应用于原位肝移植术,观察血液动力学及激活全血凝固时间变化。方法：杂种猪１８头,随机分为供体组和受体组,采用代肺机单泵,在非全身肝素化下,于实验猪原位肝移植术无肝期行门静脉、下腔静脉至上腔静脉的体外转流,测定术中血液动力学和激活全血凝固时间的指标。结果：术中血液动力学除在无肝期及开放后早期时间内有明显波动外,余无特殊变化。此外转流期部分肝素化、并不影响转流后凝血功能。体外静脉转流量     

非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术模型的研究

目的 探讨非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术模型的可行性.方法 选用太湖猪种的梅山猪行无体外静脉转流条件猪原位肝移植术,观察供/受体手术情况;分别于无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期和关腹前进行血气分析和血电解质、凝血功能和部分生化指标测定,记录平均动脉压、中心静脉压、心率,采用前后对照的方法 ,明确非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术不同时期主要存在的病理生理改变,探讨相应的处理原则.结果 顺利完成非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术15例(手术成功率88.2%),受体肝移植手术过程中各重要生理指标变化较大,经积极有效的针对性处理后,除关腹前APTT和Fg仍异常(P<0.05)外,其他都恢复至基础水平.结论 良好的手术技术,积极有效地防止和纠正内环境改变,是稳定建立非静脉转流猪原位肝移植术模型的关键因素;该模型与临床肝移植术的方法 及要求基本一致,有很强的模拟性.     

改良体外静脉转流下的猪原位肝移植术

目的建立一种经脾静脉途径插管的改良体外静脉转流，并评价其在猪原位肝移植中的应用效果。方法无肝期作门静脉、脾静脉插管，将下腔静脉和门脉区血液引流至颈内静脉。观察术中平均动脉压、门静脉压、血电解质和肝肾功能的变化。结果供肝热缺血时间为５．７±２．１ｍｉｎ，冷缺血时间为６．９±２．２ｈ。受体手术时间为５．３±０．８ｈ，体外静脉转流时间为２．２±０．３ｈ。术中平均动脉压稳定，门静脉压无显著升高；血电解质和肝肾功能变化轻微。全肝开放后３０ｍｉｎ左右胆汁分泌。４只猪的存活时间分别为３、８、１３和２０ｈ。而常规体外静脉转流下的实验猪无一存活。结论改良体外静脉转流更有利于术中血流动力学和血生化的稳定。     

72例原位肝移植术的麻醉监测与管理

目的探讨非静脉转流原位肝移植术病人围术期血流动力学、内环境变化和麻醉管理。方法72例原位肝移植术病人,静吸复合全身麻醉,监测无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期血流动力学、生化指标、凝血功能、血气、血糖、体温、出血量和尿量等,并根据具体情况,给予相应处理。结果围术期血流动力学在无肝期和新肝期变化明显;pH值和BE等代谢性指标变化较大,新肝期呈代谢性酸中毒;电解质变化主要表现在血钾和血钙;术中体温下降,需及时处理。结论原位肝移植术中血流动力学、凝血功能、电解质和酸碱平衡等变化复杂,应加强监测和管理,通过血管活性药及相关药物的合理使用,可维持血流动力学和内环境的相对稳定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.