术中超声引导下射频消融治疗晚期胰体尾癌的临床研究

目的 探讨术中超声引导下射频消融治疗晚期胰体尾癌的临床意义.方法 对14例手术不能切除的晚期胰体尾癌行术中超声引导下射频消融治疗,观察术中、术后并发症、近期疗效及生存情况.结果 所有病例术中均在超声引导下避开大血管进行消融治疗,在超声图中见到胰腺组织明显气化,肉眼观察到胰腺组织明显碳化,病理活检为凝固性坏死.所有病例均无出血、感染、胰瘘等并发症发生,术后癌性腹痛均立即明显缓解,生存期内癌性腹痛完全消失7例,尚能忍受5例,不能忍受2例.平均随访18个月,5例死亡,9例带瘤生存.结论 术中超声引导下射频消融治疗晚期胰体尾癌是一种安全有效的姑息性疗法.     

内镜超声引导下射频消融治疗三例晚期胰腺癌的临床分析

目的 初步探讨内镜超声引导下射频消融(EUS-RFA)的可行性、安全性和短期疗效.方法 对3例晚期、无手术指征的胰腺癌患者进行EUS-RFA治疗.在EUS引导下以22G穿刺针穿刺入胰腺癌病灶,1 Fr的射频消融针通过穿刺针腔进入病灶,采用单极模式,以功率10 W消融2 min,之后再以15 W消融2 min.与前一针道相隔约1～1.5 cm选择另一针道,再次进针,重复消融.结果 3例患者的平均年龄为63岁.2例为胰尾癌,1例为胰体癌,肿瘤平均直径为3.6 cm.术前行EUS引导下细针穿刺活检均见到癌细胞.1例患者间隔2周分别行3次EUS-RFA,2例患者行1次EUS-RFA,平均每个病灶行EUS-RFA 3.67次.术后2周复查EUS,3例病灶直径平均缩小13.9％,病灶内均出现大小不等的空泡变性.术后血清CA19-9浓度平均下降46.5％,腹痛未见明显加重.治疗后48 h内均未出现出血、胰腺炎、穿孔等短期并发症.平均随访49 d,未见其他并发症.结论 EUS-RFA可使胰腺癌病灶直径缩小,可降低血清CA 19-9浓度,方便可行,安全性良好.     

内镜超声引导下胰腺射频消融治疗最佳功率的实验研究

目的探索内镜超声引导下猪胰腺射频消融治疗的最佳功率。方法6只健康活体猪按随机数字表法随机分为2组,分别采用内镜超声引导下经胃壁穿刺（超声内镜组）和开腹直视（开腹直视组）的方式对胰腺进行射频消融,各组预设功率分别为5w、10w和15w,监测射频消融过程中阻抗变化情况,射频消融结束时记录消融时间,采用超声内镜和肉眼直视测量胰腺凝固性坏死灶宽径,并对胰腺组织行病理观察。结果6只猪均顺利完成射频消融,术中猪生命体征平稳,无并发症征象。病理均显示胰腺凝固性坏死灶形成,相同射频消融功率下超声内镜组和开腹直视组胰腺凝固性坏死灶宽径肉眼测量值接近,均在10w功率下最大,分别为11．0mm和10．0mm。结论内镜超声引导下猪胰腺射频消融的最佳功率为10w,在此基础上可进一步探索临床胰腺射频消融的最佳功率。     

腹腔镜超声和经皮超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的联合应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声和经皮超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的联合应用.方法:2007-09/2008-11我院对25例肝癌患者的43个肝内肿瘤在腹腔镜超声和经皮超声引导下行射频消融治疗.肿瘤直径2.7-7.5(平均3.8)cm.本组中,HBV(+)14例,HCV(+)2例,合并有不同程度肝硬化16例,胆囊结石13例.其中1个癌灶14例,2个癌灶3例,3个癌灶4例,4例多发.术后采用超声检查及螺旋CT增强扫描评价RFA疗效.结果:25例患者顺利完成腹腔镜超声引导下射频消融治疗,有4例射频治疗部位复发和3例肝内新发病灶又采取经皮超声引导下射频消融治疗.全部病例中,11例同时行胆囊切除术,在腹腔镜超声引导下,单个肿瘤平均射频治疗时间为39.3±12.1 min,平均总手术时间95.5±25.8 min,平均总出血量148.5±84.3 mL.在经皮超声引导下,单个肿瘤平均射频治疗时间28.3±10.3 min,平均总手术时间50.2±11.5min,治疗后超声检查肝周、腹腔未见明确积液.患者术中、后均未出现严重并发症.术后随访,有3例CT提示原发性肝癌复发,外科医生建议行肝移植,其余22例随访至2008-11均存活.结论:腹腔镜超声和经皮超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的联合应用,使患者的远期疗效比较满意.     

射频消融治疗肝血管瘤的效果观察

目的探讨射频消融治疗肝血管瘤的疗效及其应用经验。方法回顾性分析2011年1月-2015年6月于北京佑安医院就诊的34例行射频消融治疗的肝血管瘤患者的临床资料,其中超声引导下经皮肝穿射频消融22例,腹腔镜下射频消融10例,开腹肝切除联合肝血管瘤射频消融2例。观察采用不同射频消融方法进行治疗的患者术中及术后情况。结果所有患者射频消融治疗均顺利完成,超声引导下经皮肝穿射频消融组、腹腔镜下射频消融组和开腹肝切除联合肝血管瘤射频消融组平均手术时间分别为(75.45±27.33)min、(97.90±32.37)min、192.5 min,术后中位住院时间分别是3、3、10.5 d。术中、术后无严重并发症发生。术后1个月完全缓解率为94.1%(32/34),所有病例随访6~24个月未见病灶复发。结论射频消融是一种安全、有效的肝血管瘤治疗方式,严格把握手术指征以及个体化选择射频手术方式十分重要。     

超声引导射频消融联合125I粒子植入治疗进展期胰腺癌

对11例不能手术切除的胰腺癌患者实施术中超声引导射频消融联合125I粒子植入治疗,术后观察患者疼痛缓解情况、黄疸消退情况、CA199的变化、并发症的发生、影像学的变化及患者生存情况.结果 术后1个月内11例患者均有不同程度的疼痛缓解,9例黄疸患者中黄疸指数下降,CA199与术前相比均有所减低,有2例患者术后发生胰瘘,均于1个月内治愈.术后超声和CT扫描检查提示肿瘤体积明显减小.认为射频消融联合125I粒子植入治疗进展期胰腺癌是较为有效和安全的方法 之一.     

超声引导射频消融联合^125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗进展期胰腺癌

对11例不能手术切除的胰腺癌患者实施术中超声引导射频消融联合^125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗，术后观察患者疼痛缓解情况、黄疸消退情况、CA199的变化、并发症的发生、影像学的变化及患者生存情况。结果术后1个月内11例患者均有不同程度的疼痛缓解，9例黄疸患者中黄疸指数下降，CA199与术前相比均有所减低，有2例患者术后发生胰瘘，均于1个月内治愈。术后超声和CT扫描检查提示肿瘤体积明显减小。认为射频消融联合^125Ⅰ粒子植入治疗进展期胰腺癌是较为有效和安全的方法之一。     

超声引导下经皮射频消融与手术切除治疗尾状叶肝细胞癌的疗效比较

目的 比较超声引导下经皮射频消融与手术切除两种方式对尾状叶肝细胞癌的治疗效果。方法 纳入2005年1月至2015年1月入院接受治疗的尾状叶肝细胞癌患者34例,其中接受超声引导下经皮射频消融患者(消融组)12例,男性10例,女性2例,年龄(56.7±6.8)岁;接受手术切除患者(手术组)22例,男性15例,女性7例,年龄(57.9±10.2)岁。计量资料以(x珔±s)表示,t检验作分析;计数资料以绝对值表示,卡方检验作分析。Kaplan-Meier法作生存分析,比较时如生存曲线无交叉采用Log Rank检验,生存曲线存在交叉采用Breslow检验。结果 消融组患者手术时间为(50.6±15.4)min,术中出血量为(22.8±9.6)mL;手术组患者手术时间为(178.4±35.2)min,术中出血量为(402.8±98.4)mL;两组患者手术时间、术中出血量均存在显著差异(P0.05)。消融组患者术后第1、2、3年肿瘤复发率分别是8.3%(1例)、25.0%(3例)及41.7%(5例),术后第1、2、3年总体生存率是91.6%(11/12)、83.3%(10/12)及66.7%(8/12);手术组患者术后第1、2、3年肿瘤复发率分别是9.1%(2例)、27.3%(6例)及40.9%(9例),术后第1、2、3年总体生存率是90.9%(20/22)、77.3%(17/22)及68.2%(15/22);两组患者第1、2、3年肿瘤复发率及总体生存率均无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。消融组并发症发生率为16.7%(2/12),手术组并发症发生率为31.8%(7/22),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗尾状叶肝细胞癌总体疗效与手术切除相近,同时能够减少患者创伤、降低围手术期并发症的发生。     

超声造影在肝癌肝移植术后肝转移癌射频消融治疗之中的应用

目的通过临床总结,评价超声造影(CEUS)在射频消融治疗肝癌肝移植术后肝转移癌中应用的优点。方法采用超声造影辅助诊断定位经皮穿刺射频消融(RFA)治疗肝癌肝移植术后2～12月肝转移癌灶12例,癌灶直径12 mm～45 mm,每个病灶通过超声造影诊断定位进行RFA 1～2次,术后通过超声造影及增强CT评价疗效。结果11例病灶术后1月后复查,示全部消融,1例较大病灶治疗后有部分残余,行再次射频,1月后复查病灶坏死。结论超声造影应用于RFA治疗肝癌肝移植术后肝转移癌发现早,诊断早,定位准确,效果好,操作简便易行,微创无严重并发症,进一步提高了超声引导下RFA的准确率和疗效。     

超声引导射频消融联合^125I粒子植入治疗进展期胰腺癌

目的研究超声引导射频消融联合^125I粒子植入对进展期胰腺癌的治疗效果。方法对11例不能手术切除的胰腺癌患者实施术中超声引导射频消融联合^125I粒子植入治疗。结果术后1个月内11例患者均有不同程度的疼痛缓解,9例黄疸患者中黄疸指数下降,CA199与术前相比均有所减低,有2例患者术后发生胰瘘,均于1个月内治愈。术后超声和CT扫描检查提示肿瘤有较明显改变。随访期内死亡3例,1例死于心血管疾病,另2例死于肿瘤全身转移,6个月生存率72．7％。结论超声引导射频消融联合^125I粒子植入治疗进展期胰腺癌是较为有效和安全的方法之一。     

Radiofrequency ablation in pancreatic cancer

Introduction and aim. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective in the treatment of unresectable hepatic tumors and promising results have also been described in tumors of kidney, lung, brain, prostate, and breast. The radiofrequency destruction of solid pancreatic tumors sounds logical but also seems risky due to the friable pancreatic parenchyma, the fear of pancreatitis and the prejudiced myth of ‘the pancreas is not your friend’. Patients and methods. We present our initial experience and we describe our technique during intraoperative RFA in four patients with locally advanced and unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas, three; body-tail, one; diameter, 3–12 cm). In all the patients, the RFA was followed by bypass palliative procedures (cholecystojejunostomy and Brown''s anastomosis and/or gastrojejunostomy). A drainage tube was left close to the ablated area. Serum amylase and fluid amylase (drain) were measured for 5–7 days postoperatively. Sandostatin was also administered prophylactically for 3–5 days. Results. The postoperative period was uneventful in all the patients, without complications or evidence of pancreatitis. The post RFA CT scan showed remarkable changes in the density and the characteristics of the tumors in all the patients. All the patients are alive, at 12, 8, 5 and 3 months postoperatively, respectively. In one patient (with cancer of the body of the pancreas) who was receiving morphine because of intolerable pain, significant pain relief has been observed. Conclusions. From our initial results, RFA seems to be a feasible, potentially safe and promising option in patients with locally advanced and unresectable pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, larger series of cases are needed to secure our encouraging results.     

A prospective study on radiofrequency ablation locally advanced pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND:Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has been suggested as a new treatment option for patients with locally advanced cancer.This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative RFA in patients with unresectable,locally advanced,non-metastatic carcinoma of the pancreatic head.METHODS:RFA was the first step of the surgical procedure and was carried out on the mobilized pancreatic head followed by biliary by-pass and gastrojejunal-anastomosis.Intra-and post-operative morbidity and mortality,performance status, pain control,quality of life,and survival at 24 months were evaluated.RESULTS:Seven patients(3 men and 4 women;median age 66 years,range 47-80 years)were studied and 4 were eligible for treatment.The RFA procedure was carried out in 3 of the 4 patients;in one patient it was not carried out because of the upstaging of the neoplasm.In all 3 patients RFA achieved complete necrosis of the lesion.A biliary fistula developed 7 days after the procedure in one patient;all 3 patients developed ascites 8.6 days(range 7-9 days)on average after RFA.All patients died respectively,at 3,4,and 5 months after the treatment.CONCLUSIONS:In our experience,RFA is a feasible procedure, but it presents a very high rate of postoperative complications.Moreover,pain control,life quality and survival rate are poor.The few data suggest no impact on survival.     

胰头癌的内镜支架引流治疗

目的探讨经内镜支架引流姑息性治疗胰头癌的临床意义。方法2003年8月至2007年8月对197例胰头癌患者进行内镜支架引流姑息性治疗,并观察其疗效。结果197例均伴有胆道梗阻,伴有远端胰管扩张126例,伴有胰体尾萎缩91例。放置胰管支架108例,成功率96．4％;放置胆管支架197例,成功率为99．0％。内镜治疗成功的195例术后黄疸均消失,101例疼痛患者完全缓解98例,部分缓解3例。术后24例出现血清淀粉酶升高,对症处理后恢复正常。随访率93．8％,平均生存期（373．57±157．35）d,最长生存期842d。结论经内镜支架引流姑息性治疗胰头癌是一种确实有效的方法,可以提高患者生存质量,延长生存期。     

原发性胰腺淋巴瘤诊疗体会

目的 探讨原发性胰腺淋巴瘤（PPL）的临床特点以及诊疗体会。方法回顾性分析5例原发性胰腺淋巴瘤的临床资料。结果本组5例患者中病灶位于胰头部3例,胰体尾2例。临床表现包括上腹痛、黄疸、发热、盗汗,体重减轻等。其中一例CAl9—9增高,其余肿瘤指标均处于正常范围。影像学检查均示胰腺癌可疑,2例行剖腹探查术、组织活检,2例行胰十二指肠切除术。1例行外周浅表淋巴结活检,均诊断为胰腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤。术后5例患者均予以CHOP（环磷酰胺、阿霉素、长春新碱、泼尼松）方案化疗。结论原发性胰腺淋巴瘤临床症状不典型,极易与胰腺癌混淆,影像学对诊断有提示作用,最终的诊断需要依靠病理学检查。治疗手段为手术切除术后加以化疗,无法切除的患者仅行化疗。胰腺原发淋巴瘤的预后明显优于胰腺癌。     

Tamoxifen for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a complete response

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue contains estrogen receptors and some pilot studies have suggested that tamoxifen could increase the survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. However data of comparative studies are conflicting. We report the case of a woman who presented with unresectable pancreatic head carcinoma with hepatic metastasis. The patient refused chemotherapy and was treated with tamoxifen 30 mg/day. A complete clinical remission of 50 months was observed. A further large-scale study may be required to assess the usefulness of tamoxifen in the second-line treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma.     

内镜超声引导细针穿刺对胰腺癌的诊断价值

目的了解内镜超声(EUS)引导细针穿刺(FNA)对胰腺癌的临床价值及安全性。方法选择临床诊断或临床及影像学疑诊胰腺癌患者共21例,男13例,女8例,平均年龄(59.8±15.3)岁。EUS发现病变后,在实时超声引导下用超声穿刺针行FNA,对3例无法手术的胰腺癌患者行FNA同时,以无水乙醇阻滞腹腔神经丛治疗癌痛。结果B超共检出胰腺占位16例(16/21),未检出的5例中3例经CT检出,CT共检出胰腺占位19例;EUS检出全部21例胰腺占位,5例位于胰体尾,16例位于胰头。18例患者EUS-FNA获满意标本,17例诊断为胰腺癌,1例诊断为慢性胰腺炎,胰腺癌诊断敏感性为85.0%、特异性为100.0%、准确度为85.7%。3例行无水乙醇阻滞后疼痛减轻。术后发生轻度胰腺炎1例、发热1例。结论EUS能有效检出胰腺占位,结合FNA可提高诊断的特异性及准确性。     

胰腺神经鞘瘤50例

目的:分析胰腺神经鞘瘤的特点并探讨其诊治方法.方法:对文献上报告的49例及我院收治的1例胰腺神经鞘瘤患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析.结果:胰头病变25例,胰体9例,胰体/尾部6例,胰尾部5例,胰头/体部2例,定位不明的2例,胰颈部1例.实性肿物18例,囊性25例,7例患者肿瘤的性质不能确定.49例患者手术切除,胰十二指肠切除术13例,远端胰腺切除术12例,肿物局部切除术12例,单纯肿物核除术8例,术式不明2例,肿物无法切除1例,活检1例,拒绝手术1例.随访时间最长的达到9a,无肿瘤复发和转移.结论:胰腺神经鞘瘤术前诊断困难,绝大部分为良性,恶性少见,确诊靠病理,良性者可行肿瘤核除术,恶性者可根治性切除,术中快速病理切片有助于决定手术方式.     

胰腺腺鳞癌9例临床分析

目的：探讨胰腺腺鳞癌临床病理学特点和诊断治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析9例经手术和病理证实的胰腺腺鳞癌的临床、手术及病理资料。结果：本组共9例,77．8％（7／9）为老年患,肿瘤位于胰头6例,胰体尾3例。主要的临床表现是黄疸和腹痛,CT提示胰腺低密度占位。8例获手术切除,1例行胆囊空肠襻式吻合术。病理检查：瘤体平均直径为4．5cm,镜下表现为腺癌和鳞癌混杂。肿瘤侵犯十二指肠3例,侵犯肠系膜上静脉1例,侵犯脾静脉1例,侵犯胃1例,侵犯神经2例,淋巴结转移2例,肝转移1例。随访7例,术后生存3－17月,平均生存时间5．5月,均死于肿瘤复发和肝转移。结论：胰腺腺鳞癌呈侵袭性生长,易侵犯周围脏器和远处转移,恶性程度高,预后差;临床症状和影像学表现无特异性,术前确诊困难;手术切除是有效的治疗手段。     

Values of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and elastase 1 in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and elastase 1 in the serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively, in 224 healthy subjects, 49 patients with pancreatitis, 53 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 129 patients with cancer in other organs. The CEA concentrations in the serum were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic carcinoma than in those with pancreatitis, but this concentration was not a satisfactory indicator of pancreatic carcinoma localised to allow irradication by resection as it was raised in only 47% of the patients. High CEA concentrations were also slightly, but not significantly, more frequent in patients with cancer of the pancreatic body or tail, and unresectable cancer or cancer of more than 6.0 cm in longest diameter than in those with cancer of the pancreatic head, resectable cancer or cancer of less than 6.0 cm diameter. Serum elastase 1 was raised in only 42% of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma and could not be used to distinguish patients with pancreatic carcinoma from those with pancreatitis. In contrast with CEA, however, its concentration was abnormally high significantly more frequently in patients with cancer of less than 6.0 cm in longest diameter than in those with larger tumours. It was also raised slightly, but not significantly, more frequently in those with cancer of the pancreatic head and in patients with resectable cancer than in those with unresectable cancer. A combination of these two tests raised the diagnostic rate of pancreatic carcinoma to 77% without a remarkable decrease in the specificity for pancreatic carcinoma. In particular, it raised the diagnostic rates of cases of cancer of the pancreatic head, resectable cancer and cancers of less than 3.0 cm and 3.0-6.0 cm in longest diameter. Therefore, a combination of measurements of CEA and elastase 1 in the serum is very useful for early detection of pancreatic carcinoma.     

A case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with rapid progress in a young man]

A 17-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of epigastric pain. Various imaging studies showed a solid tumor (4cm in diameter) in the tail of the pancreas, multiple hypovascular tumors in liver. Serum levels of DUPAN2, SPAN1 and NSE were elevated slightly. Biopsy of hepatic tumor demonstrated that tumor cells had eosinophilic cytoplasm generally and unevenly distributed polymorphic nucleus. These data suggested that this tumor is poorly differentiated pancreatic carcinoma originated from the epithelium. Therefore, we administered 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, combined with gemcitabine. The clinical status improved temporarily by the treatment, however, worsened rapidly. He died 81days after the treatment. Final diagnosis of autopsy was pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the young patients is rare, and we reported this case in addition to consideration on literature.