327例初次人工髋关节置换术失败原因探讨

目的 探讨初次人工髋关节置换术后失败的原因及相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析1988年11月至2008年7月收治的327例人工髋关节初次翻修手术患者的病史、临床和影像学资料以及手术记录.结果 以髋关节翻修术作为终止点,共分析327例行初次髋关节翻修术的患者资料,具体失败原因包括假体无菌性松动(226/327,69.1%)、感染(52/327,15.9%)、假体周围骨折(22/327,6.7%)、假体不稳定(17/327,5.2%)、假体柄断裂(5/327,1.5%)、髋臼内衬脱落(5/327,1.5%).结论 假体无菌性松动和感染是初次髋关节置换失败的主要机制,手术适应证和假体选择不当以及外科理念及技术局限是造成失败的关键因素.     

长柄型假体用于人工髋关节置换术后无菌性松动翻修12例治疗效果分析

目的 分析人工髋关节无菌性松动应用长柄型假体进行翻修的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年4月间12例人工髋关节无菌性松动患者应用长柄型假体翻修的临床资料.通过观察术前、术后髋关节Harris评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分变化,评估长柄型假体应用于人工髋关节无菌性松动翻修效果.结果 本组12例患者均获得术后随访,统计术后1周、3个月、1年Harris评分及VAS评分.与翻修手术前相比,Harris评分呈升高趋势,VAS评分呈下降趋势,评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长柄型假体可以成为髋关节假体无菌性松动翻修选择之一,能满足翻修手术要求,远期效果有待进一步观察.     

31例人工髋关节翻修术临床分析与体会

[目的]探讨人工髋关节置换术后假体松动和关节疼痛的原因与翻修策略.[方法]对31例人工髋关节置换术后出现假体松动和关节疼痛的患者实施后外侧入路全髋关节翻修术.[结果]31例假体翻修术后患者随访10～26个月,平均18.7个月,主观满意度89%,无1例假体脱位.关节活动度好,术前症状改善率94%,影像学表现假体位置良好,其周围无透亮影等松动征象.[结论]翻修术前应对人工髋关节疼痛部位、时间、活动度及影像学资料仔细评估,术中对人工假体与骨水泥取出技巧以及翻修假体的选择是成功关键.     

双膦酸盐对人工髋关节置换术后早期假体周围骨密度的影响

人工髋关节置换术后早期假体周围存在着不同程度的骨溶解和骨丢失,如果能够用药物抑制或延缓骨溶解和骨丢失,远期假体松动将能够得到很好的控制进而延长假体使用寿命。1人工髋关节置换术后的假体松动人工髋关节置换术是治疗晚期骨关节炎等髋关节严重病损的有效手段[1],据统计目前全世界每年有超过100万例的人工关节置换手术[2]。降低假体使用寿命及稳定性的主要原因是人工髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动。导致人工髋关节松动的原因大致可分为力学因素和生物学因素两大类,力学因素包括:假体设计、术中操作、应力遮挡等;生物学因素主要包括:假…     

人工假体与股骨上端匹配关系及其术后疗效探讨（附156例松动原因分析）

目的：探讨人工假体与股骨上端匹配与人工全髋关节置换术后无菌性松动之间的关系。方法：通过15年全髋关节置换术后出现156例松动、疼痛病人随访，其中X线片松动率为64％。10年以上翻修46例，翻修率为29％。结果：全髋关节置换术后出现松动、疼痛病人与疾病的种类、假体的类型、骨水泥的使用、骨质质量以及假体与股骨上端匹配关系密切相关。结论：其中假体与股骨上端匹配关系是影响并发症的主要原因。     

人工假体与股骨上端匹配关系及其术后疗效探讨(附156例松动原因分析)

目的　探讨人工假体与股骨上端匹配与人工全髋关节置换术后无菌性松动之间的关系。方法　通过 15年全髋关节置换术后出现 15 6例松动、疼痛病人随访 ,其中X线片松动率为 6 4 %。 10年以上翻修 4 6例 ,翻修率为 2 9%。结果　全髋关节置换术后出现松动、疼痛病人与疾病的种类、假体的类型、骨水泥的使用、骨质质量以及假体与股骨上端匹配关系密切相关。结论　其中假体与股骨上端匹配关系是影响并发症的主要原因     

非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死

[目的]研究非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死的中期疗效.[方法]1997年3月～2002年6月,采用非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死41例(47髋),进行至少5年的随访、中期临床评估和影像学评估.临床评估以Harris评分为标准.影像学根据骨盆正位和髋关节侧位X线片,观察髋臼、股骨假体的位置以及周围骨质的改变.假体的生存率采用Kaplan-Meier分析,分别以股骨、髋臼假体的无菌性松动和任何原因所致的翻修为终点.[结果]得到至少5年随访的41例(47髋),术前Harris评分为42.4±6.4(24～49)分,最后1次随访评分为91.8±4.4(74～100)分.至最后1次随访时无1例翻修或表现为影像学无菌性松动,2髋出现骨盆局灶性骨溶解,6髋出现股骨局灶性骨溶解.Kaplan-Meier分析假体的生存率1.0(95%可信区间,0.98～1.0).[结论]非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术可为晚期酒精性股骨头坏死患者提供良好的中期临床效果.由于假体磨损、假体周围骨溶解等潜在因素,长期效果需要进一步随访.     

磨损碎屑与人工全髋关节置换术后晚期松动

磨损碎屑与人工全髋关节置换术后晚期松动曹力马忠泰假体无菌性松动是人工全髋关节置换术后晚期的主要并发症，其严重影响了此类手术的远期效果。Ｓｔａｕｆ〔１〕报告用第一代骨水泥技术（手填式）治疗的病例经平均１０年随访，其松动率为２９％；Ｓｕｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄ等...     

人工髋关节置换术后松动的放射学观察与研究的现状

人工髋关节置换术（ｔｏｔａｌｈｉｐａｒｔｈｒｏｐｌａｓｔｙ，ＴＨＡ）疗效的确切性及可预期性，使更多的髋关节疾病患者乐于接受。人工关节长期使用最终导致的无菌性松动是ＴＨＡ失败的最主要原因。通过放射学检查，观察分析假体松动的表现与过程，对人工关节松动的...     

髋关节置换术后骨水泥假体无菌性松动原因及翻修技巧

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术后骨水泥假体发生无菌性松动的原因及翻修技巧。方法自1997年3月～2006年6月,对36例42髋骨水泥假体发生无菌性松动的关节进行髋关节翻修术,术中彻底清除骨水泥、界膜,植入非骨水泥假体。术后随访时间为6～66个月,平均24个月。结果所有患者髋关节无疼痛。X线片示假体位置满意、无松动,植骨处愈合良好,骨质改善。Harris评分由平均34.8分(6～54分)提高到平均88.4分(60～94分)。结论骨水泥和骨之间的界膜是假体发生无菌性松动的主要原因。彻底清除骨水泥、界膜是翻修手术成功的关键。使用生物型双锥面螺旋臼及无极递增型非骨水泥假体,临床效果满意。     

Bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty.

The aims of this study were to determine whether subjects with aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA) have regional differences in periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) and systemic biochemical markers of bone turnover compared to subjects with successful implants.Proximal femoral and pelvic BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover markers were assayed in 49 subjects 12.6+/-4.3 (mean+/-SD) years after cemented THA. Femoral BMD was lower in Gruen zones 2, 5, 6, and 7 in subjects with a loose femoral implant (n=17) compared to those (n=32) with fixed femoral implants (P<0.05 all comparisons). This BMD difference was greatest (-31%, P=0.02) in the proximal and medial region of the femur. Subjects with femoral loosening had higher levels of the bone resorption marker N-telopeptides of type-I collagen (P=0.02) than those with a fixed femoral implant. No differences in pelvic BMD or bone turnover markers were found between subjects with loose (n=18) versus fixed (n=31) pelvic implants.This study suggests that failure of femoral components after cemented THA is associated with region-specific decreases in BMD and an increase in urinary excretion of N-telopeptide cross-links of type-I collagen. These surrogate outcome markers may be of value in monitoring response to antiresorptive therapies used to treat periprosthetic osteolysis, although the diagnosis of aseptic loosening remains clinical and radiological.     

Revision for Aseptic Loosening of Highly Porous Acetabular Components in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 20,993 Total Hip Replacements

BackgroundHighly porous-coated titanium acetabular components have a high coefficient of friction and ultraporous surfaces to enhance bone ingrowth and osseointegration in total hip arthroplasty (THA). There have been concerns with the development of early radiolucent lines and aseptic loosening of highly porous acetabular components. It is unclear whether these concerns relate to a specific implant or the entire class. The aim of this study is to compare the revision rates for aseptic loosening of highly porous acetabular combinations in primary THA using data from a large joint replacement registry.MethodsData were retrieved from the Australian Orthopedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry for the study period September 1999 to December 2019. All primary THA procedures recorded and performed for osteoarthritis using the most common combinations for each highly porous acetabular component with highly cross-linked polyethylene and a 32-mm or 36-mm femoral head were included. The primary outcome measure was revision for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. Results were adjusted for patient age and gender.ResultsThere were 20,993 primary THA procedures performed for osteoarthritis using a highly porous acetabular component across 6 combinations. Relative to the POLARSTEM/R3 (StikTite), the Exeter V40/Tritanium had a significantly higher risk of revision for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (hazard ratio 0.21, 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.74, P = .014). There was no difference between any other highly porous acetabular component combination and no late revisions for aseptic loosening.ConclusionHighly porous-coated titanium acetabular components have low rates of aseptic loosening with long-term follow-up. A difference between components may exist.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Long-term follow-up of cemented total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis

Seventy-five primary cemented total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed in 53 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. All patients were followed for an average of 7.4 years, unless their prosthetic hips failed before that time. Clinical evaluation was based on a 10-point maximum rating scale, and ratings for pain, walking, function, and activity improved from preoperative values to the most recent follow-up examination. Revision THA was performed for aseptic acetabular loosening in four hips, and femoral loosening in one hip. Sepsis occurred in another four hips. Complications of wound healing occurred in 14 hips. Roentgenographic evidence of loosening was seen in six acetabular components, in three femoral components, and in the femoral and acetabular component of one hip; none of these hips have as yet required revision THA. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis revealed a 93% survival probability at seven years, which fell to 77% at 12 years in these patients. A trend was that younger, larger patients had increased failure and component loosening rates. Cemented primary THA has been a satisfactory operation in the rheumatoid patient. The relatively high rate of wound healing problems and sepsis may be due to the systemic immune nature of rheumatoid arthritis; however, 25% of these prosthetic hips either failed or are at risk for future failure. Thus, improved techniques are still necessary to increase the long-term success of THA in the rheumatoid patient.     

The role of hereditary hemochromatosis in aseptic loosening following primary total hip arthroplasty.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) results in increased iron absorption and subsequent deposition in tissue. This condition occurs predominantly in individuals of Northern European and Celtic origin with Ireland having one of the highest allele frequencies in the world. This study examines the hypothesis that homozygosity for either the C282Y or H63D mutations in the HFE gene may be associated with aseptic loosening following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Two groups of individuals were screened for the C282Y and H63D mutations associated with HH. Group 1 were individuals who had undergone primary hip arthroplasty and group 2 were individuals who had undergone revision hip arthroplasty for aseptic loosening. Exclusion criteria included rheumatoid or other inflammatory arthropathies and revision due to causes other than aseptic loosening. Significantly more patients in the revision THA group were homozygous for the C282Y genotype (P = 0.014). Aseptic loosening occurred earlier in these patients (P = 0.009), in particular in the patients who had clinical signs of hemochromatosis. No association was seen with the H63D mutation and revision THA. The incidence of HH in the group of primary THA patients was no higher than the background incidence. Patients who require primary THA and who are homozygous for the C282Y mutation have an increased risk of developing aseptic loosening, leading to revision THA. Moreover C282Y homozygosity appears to be associated with earlier aseptic loosening than in individuals without the C282Y mutation.     

Wagner resurfacing arthroplasty of the canine hip

Summary Twelve surface replacement arthroplasties were performed on the hips of ten mongrel dogs using scaled-down replicas of the Wagner prosthesis. The contralateral hips and two further animals served as nonoperated controls. Animals were killed 5 months postoperatively. Clinical, radiological, histological and fluorochrome-labelling studies were employed to assess the bony and soft tissue reaction to resurfacing arthroplasty. There was no clinical or radiographic evidence of prosthetic loosening. Histological examination disclosed a thick foreign body and chronic inflammatory membrane containing acrylic cement and polyethylene wear particles at the bone-cement interface of both components. Generally, the bone marrow and trabecula were viable. There was evidence of increased bony remodelling and new bone formation in the subchondral area. The similarity between the above findings and those of aseptic component loosening in man suggests a mechanism whereby wear debris initiate a biological foreign body reaction culminating in component loosening.     

Wagner resurfacing arthroplasty of the canine hip

Twelve surface replacement arthroplasties were performed on the hips of ten mongrel dogs using scaled-down replicas of the Wagner prosthesis. The contralateral hips and two further animals served as nonoperated controls. Animals were killed 5 months postoperatively. Clinical, radiological, histological and fluorochrome-labelling studies were employed to assess the bony and soft tissue reaction to resurfacing arthroplasty. There was no clinical or radiographic evidence of prosthetic loosening. Histological examination disclosed a thick foreign body and chronic inflammatory membrane containing acrylic cement and polyethylene wear particles at the bone-cement interface of both components. Generally, the bone marrow and trabecula were viable. There was evidence of increased bony remodelling and new bone formation in the subchondral area. The similarity between the above findings and those of aseptic component loosening in man suggests a mechanism whereby wear debris initiate a biological foreign body reaction culminating in component loosening.     

A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty Recipients Following Pelvic Irradiation

BackgroundAlongside advances in total hip arthroplasty (THA), innovations in the treatment of cancer have led to an increasing number of patients living with this devastating disease. Radiation therapy has well-documented clinical effects on bone health, leading to pelvic insufficiency fractures and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to report on THA outcomes in this patient population in an effort to determine if a need to change management exists during surgical planning.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocols, a systematic review of published literature through August 5^th, 2018 was conducted. This resulted in 8 studies in which the primary outcome measures evaluated were rates of aseptic loosening and revision THA.ResultsAmong 232 hips at a weighted mean follow-up time of 52 months, the aseptic loosening rate was 10% and revision THA rate was 12%. Sub-analysis of 116 THAs with cementless cups demonstrated an aseptic loosening and revision THA rate of 8% and 10%, respectively.ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that THA recipients who have received radiation therapy to the pelvis before arthroplasty surgery have higher rates of aseptic loosening and revision THA when compared with previously published rates in healthy THA recipients. Additionally, it is possible that female THA recipients who have received pelvic irradiation may be at a higher risk for aseptic loosening and revision THA. Surgeons should counsel patients with a history of pelvic irradiation about their potentially higher risk for these complications.Level of EvidenceLevel I, meta-analysis, and systematic review.     

Iliopsoas cyst causing persistent pain after total hip arthroplasty

Persistent pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA) has many potential causes. The most common are aseptic loosening, infection, and heterotopic ossification. Irritation of the iliopsoas tendon due to the acetabular component is an underestimated cause of persistent groin pain and functional disability after THA with rare incidence. Pain specific to iliopsoas tendonitis includes activities such as hyperextension of the hip, forced flexion, and activities of daily living (eg, ascending stairs). This article presents a case of a 50-year old man with clinical and radiological signs of osteoarthritis of the right hip joint. A THA was performed. After a symptom-free interval of several weeks postoperatively, the patient reported pain projecting from the right groin and radiating ventromedially along the leg. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip showed a fluid-filled cyst in anatomical proximity to the femoral nerve causing an iliopsoas tendonitis. The patient underwent surgical resection of the cyst was performed by an anterior approach; a conjunction to the hip joint was not present. The implanted components of the prosthesis showed good osseointegration with no signs of loosening. The cyst was removed and the iliopsoas tendon was released. A few weeks after the operation, the patient was pain free. At 17-month follow-up, no problems were reported. In cases such as this, finding the correct diagnosis may be difficult and misleading. Conservative and operative therapeutic options are discussed and compared with divergent findings in the literature.     

Direct Cementation of Dual Mobility Cups Into the Bony Acetabulum in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes at a Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

BackgroundCemented dual mobility cups (DMCs) are commonly used in combination with acetabular reinforcement devices. Indeed, according to literature, direct cementation of metal-backed acetabular components into the bony acetabulum remains controversial as this technique is potentially associated with increased rates of aseptic loosening. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of DMC cemented into the bony acetabulum in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsA total of 49 THA (48 patients, mean age 78 years [range, 51 to 91]) performed with direct cementation of a DMC into the bony acetabulum were prospectively included in our total joint registry and retrospectively reviewed. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS). The radiographic outcome included measurement of component positioning and occurrence and progression of demarcation around the cemented DMC. Complications were reported with a particular attention to cemented fixation failure and aseptic loosening.ResultsAt a 7-year mean follow-up (range, 5 to 8), the pre-to postoperative HHS improved from 47 (range, 30 to 58) to 92 points (range, 80 to 98) (P < .01). Nonprogressive and focalized demarcations were observed in 7 THA (14%). Importantly, no progressive demarcation or DMC aseptic loosening was observed.ConclusionDirect cementation of DMC into the bony acetabulum ensured a stable fixation with no progressive demarcation or aseptic loosening at midterm follow-up. Therefore, this technique can be selectively considered in primary THA, especially in elderly or frail patients to avoid potential mechanical failure of press-fit fixation due to altered bone quality or additional morbidity related to the use of acetabular reinforcement devices.     

Jumbo cups for revision of acetabular defects after total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective review of a case series

The treatment of acetabular bone defects presents a great challenge in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of revision THA using jumbo cups for acetabular reconstruction after applying the bone-grafting technique. We studied 17 patients with acetabular defects ranging from Type 2A to Type 3A according to Paprosky`s classification. According to the AAOS-score twelve patients were classified as Type II and five patients as Type III. Uncemented press-fit cups with an outer diameter larger than 64 mm were used in all cases. Fifteen patients received morselized bone allografts. In eight patients an additional screw fixation was necessary. The mean follow-up period was 82 months (range 33–149). The mean Harris Hip Score was preoperatively 62 and at the time of the last follow-up examination 83 points (p = 0.007). Two acetabular components failed, one due to aseptic loosening and another one due to septic loosening. There was a trend of displacement of the femoral head centre towards the infero-lateral position after using jumbo cups that approached statistical significance (p = 0.065). Closure of acetabular defects of Types 2A to 3A according to Paprosky’s classification and type II to III according to the AAOS-score respectively can be satisfactorily accomplished using jumbo cups after applying the bone-grafting technique.