小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤23例

例1:女,20岁,头痛并进行性加重,1月余1992年8月26日入院,查体除双侧视乳头水肿外,其他无特殊,脑室造影显示第三脑室以上中等扩大,导水管上端变粗并向前向左移位,经股动脉插管椎动脉造影,显示大脑后动脉抬高,小脑上动脉下移,基底动脉前移,小脑上动脉四叠体移位明显向内移动及运端血管变粗,大脑后动脉向外移位,提示:小脑幕切迹部占位性病变,手术发现小脑幕切迹部有4cm×4cm黄白色肿瘤,大部分位于幕上,小部分位于幕下,硬膜不粘连,行囊内次全切除术,病理报告为纤维母细胞型脑膜瘤. 例2,男,47岁.头痛并进行加重,走路不稳,1月多入院.查体发现双侧视乳头水肿,右侧小脑征阳性,脑室造影显示第三脑室以上中等度扩大,中脑导水管变粗,显示大脑后动脉抬高,小脑上动脉下移,基底动脉前移,小脑后下动脉袢及颅袢下移,小脑幕切迹以幕下有4cm×4cm肿瘤染色区.临床诊断小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤,术中发现小脑幕切迹部4cm×4cm肉红色肿瘤,不与硬膜粘连,基底紧贴脑干,行次全切除术,病理报告为血管母细胞型脑膜瘤,本组2例术后恢复良好.其中1例术后5个月死于恶变.     

颞下经小脑幕入路相关显微解剖学研究

目的 为颞下经小脑幕入路提供相关显微解剖学基础.方法 10%福尔马林固定成人头颅湿标本10例(20侧).模拟颞下经小脑幕入路观察小脑幕切开前后的显露范围及周围重要结构的解剖关系,并进行测量拍照.结果 颞下入路切开小脑幕之前,暴露的上界平后床突,下界平小脑幕.包括动眼神经起始部至入海绵窦后壁,后交通动脉全长,大脑后动脉的P1P2段,基底动脉的上部和分叉部.动眼神经及后床突可作定位小脑幕中切迹周围结构的解剖标志.后岩床皱襞与小脑幕缘的交点为标志点可定位滑车神经入小脑幕点.幕切开后可明显改善对幕下结构的显露,如小脑前下动脉(Aica)的显露,显露三叉神经(Trig.N)的桥池段,及面听神经的显露.结论 采用颞下经小脑幕入路可增大对幕下结构的显露,适合切除累及幕上下及骑跨中后颅窝的岩斜区肿瘤.     

小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤2例

例 1:女 ,2 0岁 ,头痛并进行性加重 ,1月余 1992年 8月 2 6日入院 ,查体除双侧视乳头水肿外 ,其他无特殊 ,脑室造影显示第三脑室以上中等扩大 ,导水管上端变粗并向前向左移位 ,经股动脉插管椎动脉造影 ,显示大脑后动脉抬高 ,小脑上动脉下移 ,基底动脉前移 ,小脑上动脉四叠体移位明显向内移动及运端血管变粗 ,大脑后动脉向外移位 ,提示 :小脑幕切迹部占位性病变 ,手术发现小脑幕切迹部有 4ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ黄白色肿瘤 ,大部分位于幕上 ,小部分位于幕下 ,硬膜不粘连 ,行囊内次全切除术 ,病理报告为纤维母细胞型脑膜瘤。例 2 ,男 ,47岁。头痛并进行…     

颞下经小脑幕入路切除后颅窝小脑幕切迹型脑膜瘤手术体会

目的探讨后颅窝小脑幕切迹型脑膜瘤的手术入路选择,并探讨颞下经小脑幕入路的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2015年8月～2018年7月共14例主体向后颅窝扩展的小脑幕切迹型脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,术前均行头颅CT、MRI(平扫+增强)检查,根据影像学表现,分析该型肿瘤的手术入路选择,最终均采用颞下经小脑幕入路进行肿瘤切除。结果术后MRI显示SimpsonⅠ级切除12例,SimpsonⅡ级切除2例,术后14例患者症状均出现消失或不同程度的改善,均未出现严重并发症,1例患者出现头晕、走路不稳,术后7 d逐渐消失,1例患者出现术侧听力轻度下降,术后9 d恢复正常。经过3个月～3年随访,所有病例均无复发。结论对主体向后颅窝扩展的小脑幕切迹型脑膜瘤,采用颞下入路能快速断掉肿瘤基底,控制肿瘤出血,且肿瘤全切率较高,并发症较少,是一种较好的术式选择。     

颞下经小脑幕手术入路的应用解剖学研究

目的:测量颞骨岩部重要骨性结构,探讨小脑幕裂孔侧血管、神经位置的关系,为颞下经小脑幕入路提供解剖学基础。方法:在15例(30侧)颅骨标本上,以弓状隆起最高点为基点测量其与破裂孔外缘、面神经管裂孔、内耳孔后缘的距离。在10例(20侧)成人尸体头部行颞下经小脑幕入路,观测小脑幕裂孔侧方区域小脑上动脉、大脑后动脉、动眼神经、滑车神经、三叉神经以及小脑幕间的关系。结果:弓状隆起最高点距破裂孔外缘(34.98±1.67)mm,距面神经管裂孔(14.67±1.74)mm,距内耳孔后缘(15.31±1.78)mm;Labbe静脉入横窦处距STP(横窦、乙状窦、岩上窦交界)(24.60±5.82)mm;滑车神经入小脑幕游离缘处距后床突后外方(15.50±3.85)mm。结论:测量弓状隆起最高点与破裂孔外缘、面神经管裂孔、内耳孔后缘的距离及观测小脑幕裂孔侧区域小脑上动脉、大脑后动脉、动眼神经、滑车神经、三叉神经的走行有利于提高颞下经小脑幕手术入路的安全性和成功率。     

小脑幕下小脑上锁孔入路的显微解剖研究及其初步临床应用

目的 探讨小脑幕下小脑上锁孔入路进行松果体区肿瘤手术的可行性.方法 选用16例经彩色乳胶脑血管灌注的正常尸头,模拟完成小脑幕下小脑上锁孔入路手术,进行显微结构观察,神经导航适时解剖学数据计量及分析.根据11例第三脑室及松果体区肿瘤患者个体影像学特征,以小脑幕下小脑上锁孔入路进行手术验证.结果 小脑幕下小脑上锁孔入路中,除小脑上方中央组桥静脉需离断外,其他桥静脉可良好保存.左、右内侧组桥静脉解剖游离后其间距达(35±6)mm,可满足入路的空间要求.向下牵拉小脑,可显露出松果体、Galen静脉的各属支血管、四叠体,甚至滑车神经等结构.在脉络膜后内侧动脉的内下打开第三脑室顶的下层脉络膜可进入第三脑室的后部.小脑幕外侧窦与直窦之间切开小脑幕,可向前、向上扩大手术显露空间进入幕上纵裂区.11例松果体区肿瘤直径约2～5 cm,全切8例,次全切3例,术后1例行颅后窝减压及V-P引流,1例术后短暂缄默和凝视,余无不良反应.结论 小脑幕下小脑上锁孔入路切除松果体区肿瘤时,通常不影响深部静脉系统,并能近无创地进入第三脑室,必要时可切开小脑幕显露幕上空间.该入路可有效显露松果体区相关结构,满足手术要求,是该区域手术的一种良好选择.     

松果体区显微外科手术人路的应用解剖学研究

目的 研究松果体区的重要血管、神经、间隙结构，为临床开展松果体区肿瘤、脑血管病的显微外科手术治疗提供解剖学依据。方法 在完整头颅标本18例(男17例，女1例，共36侧)上，按Poppen入路、Krause入路、经胼胝体人路进行解剖和显微解剖观察并测量相关数据。结果 小脑幕倾斜度变异较大；直窦可作为松果体中轴线的标志；松果体区存在大脑大静脉间间隙、基底静脉内侧阃隙、基底静脉下间隙、大脑大静脉下间隙等可利用的间隙。结论 松果体区的各主要血管神经间存在相对稳定她饵剖美系．依据病密位置不同选择合适的手术入路．既可安全地显露病变．又可保护重要的血管、神经结构。     

颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路对岩斜-后海绵窦区的显微解剖

目的研究颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路对岩斜-后海绵窦区结构的显微解剖,为临床应用该入路解决该区病变提供解剖学依据,同时探讨它在处理岩斜-后海绵窦区病变时的局限性。方法应用福尔马林固定的成人湿性头颅标本10例20侧,模拟颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路对岩斜-后海绵窦区进行显微解剖观察。结果颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路可以清楚暴露小脑幕上中颅底及后海绵窦结构,切开小脑幕后可以暴露动眼神经、滑车神经、三叉神经、环池、后交通动脉、基底动脉顶部、大脑后动脉、中脑的前外侧部等结构。但由于岩骨嵴的阻挡,无法观察岩骨后颅窝面。结论颞下经小脑幕锁孔入路完全能达到传统颞底大骨瓣开颅对岩斜-后海绵窦区的暴露范围,同时具有创伤小、易于操作的优点,但处理基底位于岩骨后颅窝面的大型岩斜区肿瘤存在一定的局限性。     

小脑幕切迹疝致大脑后动脉闭塞16例分析

目的:探讨小脑幕切迹疝导致大脑后动脉闭塞的原因及防治。方法:对16例小脑暮切迹疝导致大脑后动脉闭塞患者的临床表现、影像学检查、治疗过程分析。结果:小脑幕切迹疝导致大脑后动脉闭塞与小脑幕解剖、脑疝发生速度、颅内占位的程度等因素有关。预后差。结论:大脑后动脉闭塞实质上是小脑幕切迹疝严重程度的一种临床表现。降低颅内压、及时手术减压、术后早期扩张血管有可能降低发生率。     

基底静脉的应用解剖与标志

目的测量基底静脉的解剖结构,以便为术中分辨这条静脉提供标志。方法观察研究15例灌注乳胶的成人尸头(30侧)。于中脑的前缘、外侧膝状体、中脑外侧沟处测量基底静脉和小脑幕切迹之间的直线距离。结果所有标本左右侧基底静脉均有注入位置、直径上的差别。在外侧膝状体处,基底静脉和大脑后动脉之间的距离为(4.998±1.465)mm。基底静脉大多位于大脑后动脉的上内侧,附于中脑的外侧,直径1.2~3.8 mm。基底静脉大多注入大脑大静脉。在中脑外侧面的前缘、外侧膝状体、中脑外侧沟处基底静脉到小脑幕切迹的平均直线距离分别为(9.434±0.754)、(4.998±1.465)、(6.644±2.155)mm。结论基底静脉和中脑、小脑幕切迹的距离、位置关系相对恒定。本文数据有助于外科医生在基底静脉周围操作时,避免损伤这一重要结构。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.