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1.
目的 探讨术中撬拨复位经皮交叉克氏针固定治疗儿童不稳定性屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院2015年1月至2019年6月收治的27例不稳定性屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折手法复位失败的儿童的临床资料,男13例,女14例;年龄为2~14岁,平均7.31岁。按照骨折移位程度分型,完全移位断端接触17例,完全移位断端无接触10例。合并尺神经损伤5例,均为闭合性损伤。所有病人在手法复位失败后均采用术中撬拨复位经皮交叉克氏针固定治疗。术后4~6周拔出克氏针,记录并发症发生情况,术后6个月参照Flynn肘关节功能评分标准评定疗效。结果 病人手术时间为15~50 min,平均30 min。病人术中均覆盖防辐射铅衣保护,术中透视5~8次,平均7.5次。术后随访12~36个月,平均24个月。病人骨折愈合时间为4~6周,平均4.5周,术后3个月尺神经损伤均恢复。术后6个月参照Flynn肘关节功能评分标准评定疗效:优20例,良6例,可1例,优良率为98.8%(26/27)。所有病人均未发生肘内翻、骨化性肌炎、医源性神经损伤。结论 撬拨复位经皮交叉克氏针固定是治疗儿童不稳定性屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折手法复位失败后的较为理想的复位方法。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨克氏针经皮撬拨复位固定治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折的临床疗效.方法 对89例MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折采用克氏针经皮撬拨复位固定,术后随访6个月~2年,并按照Broberg和Morrey的肘关节评分标准进行评分.结果 评分结果 优34例,良55例,优良率100%,骨折愈合良好,无桡骨头坏死以及异位骨化的发生.结论 克氏针经皮撬拨复位固定治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折具有临床意义.  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨克氏针经皮撬拨复位固定治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折的临床疗效。方法对89例MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折采用克氏针经皮撬拨复位固定,术后随访6个月~2年,并按照Broberg和Morrey的肘关节评分标准进行评分。结果评分结果优34例,良55例,优良率100%,骨折愈合良好,无桡骨头坏死以及异位骨化的发生。结论克氏针经皮撬拨复位固定治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折具有临床意义。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨应用撬拨复位克氏针交叉结合非金属单侧外固定架治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的疗效.方法 对老年肱骨近端粉碎性骨折52例应用经皮撬拨复位克氏针交叉结合非金属单侧外固定架治疗.结果 本组获随访6~72个月,关节功能恢复满意,按Neer评分优良率达到96.2%.结论 应用经皮撬拨复位克氏针结合外固定架治疗老年肱骨近端粉碎性骨折固定可靠,避免手术切开复位内固定创伤及二次手术取内固定,术后早期肩关节活动锻炼,治愈率高,并发症少,具有较好的临床应用价值.  相似文献   

5.
加压外固定在胫腓骨开放骨折感染中的应用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
1992年 ̄1998年,应用半环槽式外固定器治疗31例胫腓骨开放性骨折,其中19例早期行半环槽式外固定,12例因早期内固定失败造成骨感染及感染性骨不连,二期行半环槽式外固定器固定,使创面及骨感染得到控制。骨愈合时间2 ̄8个月。且对半环槽式外固定器在早晚期感染的预防及控制中的作用进行回顾性研究,结果显示:半环槽式外固定器能给骨折端提供牢稳固定,且钢针远离骨折端及感染病灶,对骨折端血运干扰小,有利于创  相似文献   

6.
柯清辉  郑季南  洪庆南 《中国骨伤》2013,26(11):960-962
目的:探讨克氏针撬拔复位治疗儿童尺桡骨远端背靠背骨折的疗效及可行性。方法:2010年7月至2012年3月,采用克氏针撬拨复位石膏外固定治疗儿童尺桡骨远端背靠背骨折37例,男24例,女13例;年龄6~13岁,平均9.5岁;伤后至就诊时间4h~3d,均为摔伤,无其他合并伤。结果:37例患者获得随访,时间1-6个月。临床愈合时间21—42d,平均31.5d,所有患者骨性愈合,外观无畸形,无手术治疗。Moed等功能评价结果,优14例,良20例,中3例。结论:运用克氏针撬拔复位、石膏托外固定治疗儿童尺桡骨远端背靠背骨折,既可实现骨折复位后的理想固定,又可早期进行患肢功能锻炼,取得满意疗效。  相似文献   

7.
外固定支架治疗严重胫腓骨开放性骨折   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的探讨半环槽式外固定器治疗严重胫腓骨开放性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自1996年1月-2006年10月收治的76例GustiloIII型严重胫腓骨开放性骨折患者,其中ⅢA型4l例,ⅢB型22例,ⅢC型13例。其中57例伤口行彻底清创后采用直接缝合、游离植皮或局部皮瓣、肌皮瓣转位,一期闭合创面;19例经抗感染、局部换药后二期闭合创面,骨折均采用半环槽式外固定器进行固定。结果随访8—56个月,平均26个月。其中创面感染15例,经抗感染、换药、皮瓣转位后治愈;针道感染9例,经换药后治愈;未并发骨髓炎。骨折愈合时间3—15个月,平均6.3个月,其中4例延迟愈合;4例骨不连和2例骨缺损患者经再次手术加压固定或结合肢体延长术后骨愈合。结论半环槽式外固定器采用多向穿针三维立体固定,治疗GustiloⅢ型严重胫腓骨开放性骨折具有操作简单、固定稳固、微创、有利于控制感染及促进骨折愈合的优点,但仍需防治针道感染、骨不连、骨缺损等并发症。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨撬拨复位克氏针内固定小切口异体骨植骨治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对18例波及距下关节面的跟骨骨折患者采用撬拨复位、小切口行异体骨植骨、克氏针固定治疗。结果患者伤口均一期愈合,无皮肤坏死和克氏针断裂发生。18例均获随访,时间3~12个月。术后Bhler角及Gissane角均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。参照美国足踝外科学会足部功能评分系统评定:优12足,良5足,可1足。结论撬拨复位小切口植骨克氏针固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折疗效满意。  相似文献   

9.
组合半环式三维外固定器治疗复杂胫腓骨骨折   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
目的 探讨组合半环式三维外固定器治疗复杂的胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法 应用组合半环式三维外固定器治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型开放性骨折、多段骨折、近关节部位骨折及陈旧性骨折不愈合等复杂的胫腓骨骨折共9例。结果 9例全部愈合。骨愈合时间:临床愈合平均8周,骨性愈合平均20周。1例针道感染,2例部分关节功能障碍。结论 组合半环式三维外固定器适用于治疗复杂的胫腓骨骨折,疗效可靠,创伤小,符合BO生物学观点,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

10.
微创撬拨复位克氏针结合空心钉固定治疗跟骨骨折   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的观察应用微创撬拨复位克氏针结合空心钉固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法跟骨骨折36例,均采用撬拨复位克氏针结合空心钉固定。结果全部病例术后无感染、皮肤坏死、断钉等并发症。骨折愈合时间平均2.8个月,术后Bohler角度平均为37.6°,Gissane角度平均为135.4°,根据Fernandez评分标准:优28例,良6例,一般2例。结论微创撬拨复位克氏针结合空心钉固定是一种治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的较好方法。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

14.
Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.  相似文献   

16.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

17.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.  相似文献   

20.
Background : Ketamine in sub-dissociative doses has been shown to have analgesic and phantom-Limb pain, where conventional treatment has often failed. Chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans often responds poorly to analgesics, and the pain-generating mechanisms are not well understood.
Methods : Eight patients with rest pain in the lower extremity due to arteriosclerosis obliterans were given sub-dissociative doses of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 mg/kg racemic ketamine and morphine 10 mg as a 5-min infusion on four separate days in a cross-over, double-blind, randomised protocol. Plasma levels of (S)- and (R)-ketamine and their nor-metabolites were analysed with an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pain levels were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results : Individual pain levels were highly variable during and after all the infusions but the pooled pain levels showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect of ketamine with a transient but complete pain relief in all patients at the highest dose (0.45 mg/ kg). Side-effects, mainly disturbed cognition and perception, were pronounced and dose-dependent. Morphine 10 mg had an analgesic peak at 20 min and 5/8 patients had complete pain relief. The remaining 3 patients also had high baseline pain scores, indicating a higher analgesic potency for the 0.30 and 0.45 mg/ kg ketamine doses than for morphine 10 mg.
Conclusion : We have demonstrated a potent dose-dependent analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in clinical ischemic pain. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, this analgesic effect is probably best utilised in combination with other analgesics.  相似文献   

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