择期冠脉支架置入术对急性心肌梗死患者血清细胞色素C水平的影响

目的：观察择期冠状动脉支架置入术对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清细胞色素C（Cyt C）水平的影响。方法：入选AMI并于梗死后10-14d行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者30例作为AMI组;另选择经冠脉造影排除冠心病（CHD）的患者30例作为非CHD对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）方法测定患者在冠状动脉支架置入术前,术后48h、72h血清Cyt C浓度。结果：1.冠脉支架置入术前AMI组血清Cyt C水平显著高于非CHD对照组[（1.18±0.71）ng/ml比（0.25±0.03）ng/ml,P〈0.01];2.冠状动脉支架置入术后48h、72h血清Cyt C水平[（0.68±0.29）ng/ml、（0.66±0.25）ng/ml]显著低于冠状动脉支架置入术前（P〈0.01）。结论：择期冠脉支架置入术能改善急性心肌梗死患者心肌细胞的凋亡。     

血管内皮生长因子、支架直径和支架长度对支架内再狭窄的联合预测价值

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、支架直径和支架长度对冠状动脉药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stent, DES)置入术后支架内再狭窄（in-stent restenosis,ISR）患者的联合预测价值。 方法 收集2014年6月至2016年8月在承德市中心医院心内科行DES置入的不稳定型心绞痛患者332（男178,女154）例。根据术后1年复查冠脉造影结果将其分为ISR组（n=41）和非ISR组（n=291）,比较两组的一般临床资料及冠脉支架手术资料。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定冠脉支架置入术前、术后6个月、术后12个月患者血清VEGF的水平,比较两组间VEGF的表达差异。 结果 ISR组及非ISR组患者术前VEGF水平无明显差异[（499±39）ng/L vs（503±35）ng/L];术后两个时间点ISR组VEGF水平显著低于非ISR组[（377±33）ng/L vs（462±56）ng/L;（184±34）ng/L vs（361±45）ng/L],差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。Logistic回归分析表明:术后VEGF水平（OR=0.95,95%CI:0.92-0.97;P<0.01）是ISR的保护性因素;2型糖尿病（OR=14.81,95%CI:1.96-111.81;P<0.01）、术后吸烟（OR=32.74,95%CI:4.74-226.03;P<0.01）与ISR密切相关,是ISR的独立危险因素;支架长度（OR=1.26,95%CI:1.09-1.46;P<0.01）与ISR成正相关;支架直径（OR=0.03,95%CI:0.00-0.23;P<0.01）与ISR呈反相关。经绘制ROC曲线及支架直径、支架长度的联合指标的ROC曲线显示VEGF对ISR的预测价值较好,而VEGF联合支架长度及直径指标优于单独指标。 结论 术后VEGF水平与ISR密切相关,是ISR的一项独立预测因素,可作为临床评估ISR的一项指标,而VEGF联合支架直径和支架长度指标对预测ISR效能最优。     

完全可降解聚乳酸西罗莫司洗脱支架在小型猪冠状动脉模型中的实验研究

目的评价新型全降解聚乳酸西罗莫司洗脱支架（XinsorbTM）在小型猪冠状动脉抑制新生内膜增殖的有效性和安全性。方法裸金属支架（Bare metal stent,BMS）16枚和Xinsorb支架16枚分别随机置入16头小型猪的前降支（16枚）和右冠状动脉（16枚）。置入30d和90d,复查冠状动脉造影后处死部分动物取出支架段血管,将支架分成等长的两部分,一半用树脂包埋后制作硬组织切片,苏木素和伊红染色（haematoxylin and eosin,HE）分析组织形态,评价新生内膜增殖及管腔狭窄率;另一半用戊二醛固定后用扫描电镜观察支架段血管内皮化情况。结果 Xinsorb支架置入后未出现支架内血栓,并有效防止血管弹性回缩造成的血管狭窄。病理分析提示：置入30d,Xinsorb支架比BMS能显著减少新生内膜面积（0.9±0.2）mm2比（2.2±0.2）mm2（P〈0.05）和管腔狭窄面积（19.3±3.4）%比（38.2±5.3）%（P〈0.05）,置入30d时BMS内皮化完全,但Xinsorb支架表面有部分未完全内皮化,Xinsorb支架内皮化完全所需的时间在30～90d。结论 Xinsorb支架在置入小型猪冠状动脉90d内,可以有效地支撑血管壁防止弹性回缩并抑制新生内膜增殖,在置入早期轻度延迟内皮的修复。     

药物洗脱支架和金属裸支架治疗弥漫病变的比较研究

目的比较冠心病患者弥漫病变采用药物洗脱支架和金属裸支架治疗的近期和远期预后,分析影响这类病变介入治疗预后的危险因素。方法研究对象为我院2004年4月至2005年8月接受置入单个长度>25.0mm支架治疗并且进行冠状动脉造影随访的205例患者,排除支架置入失败及支架置入位置不理想者。分为置入药物洗脱支架(DES)组(n=128)和置入金属裸支架(BMS)组(n=77)。所有的患者术后均接受阿司匹林300mg、氯吡格雷75mg等规范药物治疗。手术成功判定标准为至少用相互垂直的两个投照体位行冠状动脉造影,肉眼判定残余狭窄<20%和前向血流TIMI3级。再狭窄判定标准以复查冠状动脉造影定量分析支架内或支架邻近血管管腔直径狭窄程度≥50%。患者在支架术后6个月左右接受冠状动脉造影随访。结果共205例患者(男性181例,女性24例)227个靶病变置入382枚支架完成造影随访。其中C型病变占总数的93.8%,B2型病变为6.2%。双支或双支以上血管病变的患者比例达到86.8%。平均术前参考血管直径(2.88±0.43)mm。平均每个病变支架长度(40.09±12.94)mm,54.2%的病变接受了重叠置入支架。比较置入DES组和置入BMS组,两组的患者基本条件差异无统计学意义,在病变基本条件方面,DES组术前参考血管直径明显小于BMS组[(2.80±0.37)mm比(3.10±0.48)mm,P=0.005]。6个月随访结果显示再狭窄率DES组(15.4%)小于BMS组(48.4%),P<0.001。晚期支架内腔径丢失BMS组明显大于DES组[(0.94±0.76)mm比(0.39±0.53)mm,P<0.001]。靶病变血管重建率DES要明显好于BMS(11.6%比38.5%,P<0.001)。支架内再狭窄在置入DES组的局限性再狭窄比例大于置入BMS组(33.3%比18.2%,P=0.029)。对影响复杂弥漫病变支架再狭窄因素的多元logistic回归分析发现,采用支架重叠置入(OR=2.82,P=0.017)和支架类型(OR=5.71,P<0.001)是对复杂弥漫病变支架内再狭窄影响最大的危险因素。结论我们的研究发现对于复杂弥漫病变的治疗,药物洗脱支架有着良好的治疗效果,较金属裸支架能明显减低再狭窄率。对于弥漫病变,我们应该使用长支架,尽可能减少支架重叠置入的数量。     

无载体西罗莫司洗脱支架在小型猪冠状动脉模型中预防冠状动脉支架再狭窄的实验研究

目的评价新型无载体西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent,PFSES）在小型猪冠状动脉模型中抑制新生内膜增殖的有效性和安全性。方法金属裸支架（baremental stent,BMS,n=13）、无载体纳米微孔裸支架（polymer-free bare mental stent,PFBMS,n=13）、聚合物载体西罗莫司洗脱支架（polymeribased sirolimus-eluting stent,PSES,n=13）以及PFSES（n=13）被分别随机置入26头小型猪的前降支（n=26）和回旋支（n=26）。支架置入28天和90天后,复查冠状动脉造影评价管腔丢失。90天后处死部分动物（n=12）行塑料包埋硬组织切片染色组织形态学分析。结果置入28天（n=24）及90天（n=12）,PFSES与BMS相比,显著降低管腔丢失（0.69±0.49 mm比1.27±0.36 mm,P=0.041;0.77±0.44 mm比1.33±0.29 mm,P〈0.01）。在90天组织形态学分析中,损伤积分相似的情况下,PFSES较BMS明显减少新生内膜面积（2.412±1.149 mm2比4.475±1.345 mm2,P〈0.05）。PFSES炎症反应与BMS相似,且明显低于PSES。结论PFSES在置入小型猪冠状动脉28及90天后,可以安全有效地抑制内膜增殖和预防支架内再狭窄。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者置入药物洗脱支架的疗效评价

目的 评价冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变置入药物洗脱支架后的疗效。方法 选择我院2004年4月至2005年8月连续接受置入药物洗脱支架（DES）或金属裸支架（BMS）治疗并且进行了冠状动脉造影随访的139例的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者。所有患者在支架术后6个月后接受冠状动脉造影随访。结果共139例患者（男性114例,女性25例）221处病变完成随访。其中C型病变94处（42．5％）,完全闭塞病变42处（19．0％）,平均每个病变支架长度（26．53±14．72）mm,平均参考血管直径（2．80±0．43）mm。两组患者在性别比例和年龄方面差异无统计学意义。两组在冠心病的危险因素如：高血压病、高脂血症、吸烟等方面差异无统计学意义。两组病变的复杂程度基本相当。DES组的参考血管直径比BMS组小[（2．71±0．41）mm比（2．98±0．53）mm,P〈0．001]。6个月后随访,DES组的支架内再狭窄率（10．6％比38．6％,P〈0．001）和病变内晚期腔径丢失[（0．24±0．56）mm比（0．91±0．77）mm,P〈0．001]明显低于BMS组。DES组的靶病变血管重建率显著低于BMS组（8．6％比30．0％,P〈0．001）。DES组有4例晚期支架内血栓。结论 本研究显示药物洗脱支架对于冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的介入治疗有着良好的治疗效果,明显优于金属裸支架。     

药物洗脱支架置人术后断裂导致支架内再狭窄的临床分析

目的 探讨药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后支架断裂与再狭窄的关系及支架断裂的特点.方法 回顾性分析冠状动脉支架置人术后行冠状动脉造影复查的536例患者,实验分为DES组(N=397)和裸金属支架(BMS)组(n=139).分析支架置入术前、术后及复查时的冠状动脉造影图像,找出支架内再狭窄和支架断裂的病例,分析支架断裂和再狭窄的关系以及支架断裂的病变特征及形态特征.结果 DES组和BMS组再狭窄分别为31例和30例(P＜0.01),其中5例发生支架断裂,断裂的支架均为DES,BMS组未见支架断裂,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).发生支架断裂的5例靶病变均为扭曲病变,支架断裂均发生在血管扭曲成角处.结论 支架断裂是DES置入术后发生再狭窄的原因之一,扭曲病变置入长的DES后可能容易发生支架断裂.     

药物洗脱支架对完全闭塞性病变介入治疗预后影响的评估

目的比较对于完全性闭塞病变采用药物洗脱支架和金属裸支架的近期和远期预后。方法选择我院近期连续接受置入药物洗脱支架(DES)或金属裸支架(BMS)治疗,并且进行冠状动脉造影随访的155例存在完全闭塞病变的冠心病患者。患者在支架术后6个月左右接受冠状动脉造影随访。结果共155例患者(138名男性,17名女性)159处靶病变置入232枚支架完成造影随访,其中慢性完全性闭塞65例,占41.9%。其中C型病变占总数的85.4%。在患者基本条件方面,DES组2型糖尿病比例要多于BMS组(33.8%比18.5%,P=0.030)。在病变基本条件方面,DES组和BMS组C型病变分别占89.6%和72.0%(P=0.005),DES组病变更为复杂。DES组慢性完全闭塞病变比例明显高于BMS组(60.3%比24.4%,P<0.001)。DES组和BMS组的支架长度和病变长度没有差别。DES组参考血管直径小于BMS组[(2.72±0.36)mm比(2.96±0.52)mm,P=0.001]。6个月随访结果显示支架再狭窄DES组明显低于BMS组(15.6%比41.5%,P<0.001)。DES组支架再狭窄更多为局限性(58.3%比17.6%,P<0.001)。DES组的靶病变血管重建率明显低于BMS组(5.8%比19.9%,P=0.001)。病变内晚期腔径丢失DES明显小于BMS[(0.36±0.63)mm比(1.04±0.70)mm,P<0.001]。晚期支架内血栓DES有2例,BMS为0。DES组有1例死亡。术后主要心脏不良事件发生率两组分别是1.4%和11.1%,DES组显著低于BMS组(P=0.032)。结论我们的研究发现对于完全闭塞性病变的治疗,DES有着良好的治疗效果,比BMS有着明显减低的再狭窄率、靶病变血管重建率,并且在随访期间患者有着更少的心血管事件。     

可降解聚乳酸涂层西罗莫司洗脱支架在小型猪冠状动脉模型中的实验研究

目的评价新型L605钴铬合金平台可降解聚乳酸共聚物载体西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（bioabsorbable polymeric sirolimus-eluting stent,BPSES）在小型猪冠状动脉抑制新生内膜增殖的有效性和安全性。方法金属裸支架（bare mental stent,BMS）18枚、单纯可降解聚乳酸共聚物涂层支架（bioabsorbable polymer-only stent,BPOS）18枚以及BPSES 18枚被分别随机置入18头小型猪的前降支（18枚）、回旋支（18枚）以及右冠状动脉（18枚）。置入28天和90天,复查冠状动脉造影评价管腔丢失。置入7天、28天以及90天处死部分动物行塑料包埋硬组织切片染色组织形态学分析。结果置入28天及90天,BPSES与BMS相比,显著降低管腔丢失（28天0.54±0.45 mm比1.11±0.45mm,P=0.048;90天0.42±0.34 mm比0.96±0.41 mm,P=0.024）。在损伤积分相似的情况下,置入28天时BPSES较BMS新生内膜面积明显减少（0.90±0.40 mm2比1.88±0.71 mm2,P=0.015）,而在90天时亦叮见此趋势,7天、28天和90天BPSES和BPOS炎症反应及内皮化程度与BMS相似。结论BPSES在置入小型猪冠状动脉28天后,可以安全有效地抑制新生内膜增殖,90天时亦可见此趋势。     

冠心病患者血浆Apelin水平及介入治疗后的变化

目的观察冠心病(CHD)患者血浆Apelin水平的变化,探讨其与冠状动脉狭窄的关系及在冠状动脉粥样硬化中可能的作用。方法入选30例冠心病患者(CHD组);27例冠状动脉造影阴性为对照组(NC组)。两组在造影前、后及支架置入/造影后24h分别经肘静脉、股动脉途径采血;用放免法测定血浆Apelin水平。结果(1)CHD组造影后与支架置入/造影后24h血浆Apelin水平比较差异有统计学意义(动脉血浆78.11±2.84μg/L比87.83±3.43μg/L,静脉血浆77.43±2.38μg/L比85.03±2.64μg/L,P均<0.05);造影前与造影后比较差异无统计学意义。(2)CHD组动、静脉血浆Apelin水平比较差异无统计学意义。(3)NC组血浆Apelin水平在造影前、后及造影后24h差异均无统计学意义。(4)NC组与CHD组血浆Apelin水平造影前、后比较差异均有统计学意义(造影前动脉血浆90.25±2.96μg/L比77.04±3.89μg/L,静脉血浆87.83±3.34μg/L比75.14±3.16μg/L;造影后动脉血浆91.25±2.04μg/L比78.11±2.84μg/L,静脉血浆90.79±2.58μg/L比77.43±2.38μg/L;P均<0.05);支架置入/造影后24h比较差异无统计学意义。(5)CHD组血浆Apelin水平与冠状动脉狭窄的程度有负相关性(r=-0.366,P<0.05);与冠状动脉病变评分明显负相关(r=-0.467,P<0.01)。结论冠心病患者血浆Apelin水平低,介入治疗后升高;其变化与冠状动脉病变有关,提示Apelin可能参与冠状动脉粥样硬化病理生理过程。     

延迟支架置入术在高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的观察高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后靶病变的变化及延迟支架置入情况。方法入选48例高血栓负荷STEMI患者,急诊予单纯球囊扩张和(或)冠状动脉血栓抽吸,梗死相关动脉前向血流心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级3级,7 d后复查冠状动脉造影(CAG),根据靶病变血管狭窄情况必要时置入支架治疗。观察靶病变变化的相关数据,包括狭窄程度、长度、近端参考血管直径、远端参考血管直径,比较老年患者(≥60岁)和中青年患者(<60岁)支架置入比例。结果 7 d后复查CAG显示靶病变直径狭窄程度较直接PCI时减轻(35.5%±14.1%比48.8%±11.0%,P<0.01)、病变长度缩短[(15.69±5.36)mm比(18.94±5.37)mm,P<0.01],靶病变近端参考血管直径[(3.29±0.33)mm比(3.24±0.32)mm,P=0.02]和远端参考血管直径[(3.18±0.33)mm比(3.08±0.33)mm,P<0.01]增大;其中,39.6%(19/48)患者因靶病变狭窄>50%置入支架,老年患者和中青年患者置入支架比例分别是56%(9/16)、31%(10/32)(P=0.04)。结论对于中青年高血栓负荷不适宜直接支架置入术的STEMI患者急诊予单纯球囊扩张和(或)血栓抽吸即时开通梗死相关动脉,再延迟必要时支架置入治疗策略是安全、有效的。     

Early changes in local hemostasis activation following percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina patients: a comparison between drug-eluting and bare metal stents

Background Early change in local intracoronary hemostasis following drug-eluting (DES) and bare metal stent (BMS) implantation has never been assessed in stable angina patients. Methods Markers of local platelet activation (soluble glycoprotein V [sGPV] and P-Selectin [CD62P]), coagulation activation (tissue factor [TF], prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 [F1 + 2] and activated factor VII [FVIIa]) and fibrinolysis markers (D-dimers [DD], fibrinogen [FIB], tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA], and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 complexes [PAI-1]) were determined in 20 patients with stable angina who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All patients were pretreated with clopidogrel, aspirin, and enoxaparin. Systematic balloon predilation was performed before DES (9 patients) and BMS (11 patients) implantation. All blood samples were drawn 10–20 mm distal to the lesion site. Results No significant changes in levels of platelet activation markers occurred during PCI. There was a transient significant increase in TF (14%; P = 0.004), in F1 + 2 (40%; P = 0.001), and FVIIa (31%; P = 0.007) following angioplasty. Similarly, a significant 43% increase was observed in DD levels following balloon predilation, associated with an increase of 46%, 60%, and 70% in FIB, t-PA and PAI-1 levels, respectively (all P < 0.0001). All these markers returned to baseline values after stent implantation. No difference was observed between DES and BMS. Conclusions Early changes in local hemostasis activation following PCI, were related to balloon predilation. Neither DES nor BMS increased markers of platelet activation, coagulation, or fibrinolysis, under dual antiplatelet and anticoagulant pretreatment.     

Stent malapposition,as a potential mechanism of very late stent thrombosis after bare-metal stent implantation: A case report

A 90-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. He had a history of post-infarction angina pectoris 79 months ago and had a bare-metal stent (BMS) implanted in the proximal left anterior descending artery at our hospital. Emergent coronary angiography demonstrated thrombotic occlusion in the previously stented segment. After catheter thrombectomy, antegrade flow was restored, but 90% stenosis with haziness persisted in the proximal and distal portions of the previously stented segment. Intravascular ultrasound imaging showed interstrut cavities or stent malapposition at the proximal and distal sites of stented segment. In close proximity to the sites, residual thrombi were also observed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated neither lipid-laden neointimal tissue nor rupture but clearly demonstrated residual thrombus adjacent to the malapposed region in addition to the stent malapposition. PCI with balloon was successfully performed and stent apposition was confirmed by OCT. Stent malapposition is an unusual mechanism of very late stent thrombosis after BMS implantation. OCT can clearly reveal the etiology of stent thrombosis.     

冠心病合并糖耐量受损患者应用金属裸支架的疗效及安全性

目的：在冠心病（CHD）合并糖耐量受损患者应用金属裸支架的疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析68例CHD合并糖耐量受损患者在我院行支架植入术的资料,依据植入支架种类分为：金属裸支架（BMS）组（36例）,药物涂层支架（DES）组（32例）。术后6月复查冠脉造影,比较两组的心肌梗死溶栓治疗（TIMI）临床试验血流分级及 Gensini冠脉病变积分的差异。随访1年,比较两组患者再狭窄发生率、急性血栓形成、亚急性血栓形成、血运重建率及猝死率等并发症的差异。结果：两组患者术后的 TIMI分级及 Gensini 冠脉病变积分无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。术后1年,与DES组比较, BMS组的急性血栓形成（6.25％比2.78％）、亚急性血栓形成（15.63％比5.56％）及猝死率（6.25％比2.78％）均明显降低（P均＜0.05）,两组患者再狭窄发生率及血运重建率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：冠心病合并糖耐量受损患者应用金属裸支架能降低术后并发症发生率,且预后较佳。     

Lost and found: Coronary stent retrieval and review of literature

A 61‐year‐old man with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the mid right coronary artery (RCA) with a drug eluting stent (DES), presented with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography demonstrated complex disease of the distal RCA as well as in‐stent stenosis of the previously placed mid RCA stent. The patient underwent bifurcation PCI of the distal RCA followed by attempted intervention with a DES on the mid RCA lesion. The stent could not cross the lesion and eventually became dissociated from its delivery system. The lost stent was successfully retrieved using two different snaring systems. The procedure was terminated without further attempts for stent delivery. The patient had an uneventful recovery and underwent successful PCI of the mid RCA lesion one month later.     

Drug-eluting stent-supported percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total coronary occlusion.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the clinical and angiographic outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES)-supported percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). BACKGROUND: There are few data about the efficacy of DES-supported PCI for CTO. METHODS: All consecutive patients who had a sirolimus-eluting stent or a paclitaxel-eluting stent implanted for CTO from December 2003 to December 2004 were analyzed. Clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients treated with DES were compared with a case-matched control group of patients treated with bare metal stents (BMS) in the 12 months before the routine use of DES. RESULTS: Successful DES-supported PCI was performed in 92 patients and 104 CTO. The case-matched control group consisted of 26 patients and 27 CTO successfully treated with BMS. There were no differences between groups in baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. Stent length in the DES group was higher as compared with that of BMS group (51+/-28 mm vs. 40+/-19 mm, P=0.073). The 6-month major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was lower in the DES group as compared with that of BMS group (9.8% vs. 23%, P=0.072). The angiographic follow-rate was 80% in the DES group and 81% in the BMS group. The 6-month restenosis rate was 19% in the DES group and 45% in the BMS group (P<0.001). By multivariate analysis, it was found that in the DES group, the only predictors of restenosis were stented segment length (OR 1.031, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, P=0.009) and a target vessel reference diameter<2.5 mm (OR 6.48, 95% CI 1.51-27.83, P=0.012), while the only predictor of MACE was stent length (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.08, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: DES implantation for CTO decreases the risk of mid-term restenosis and MACE. Small vessels and diffuse disease requiring the implantation of multiple stents and very long stents for full coverage of the target lesion are still associated with a relatively high risk of restenosis.     

裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用和结局分析:来自中国急性心肌梗死救治项目一期的结果

目的分析在直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中影响裸金属支架(BMS)或药物洗脱支架(DES)选择的主要因素,并进一步分析接受BMS和DES的患者住院期间临床结局是否存在差异。方法入选中国急性心肌梗死救治项目第一阶段来自53家医院的3387例直接PCI术中支架置入患者,收集其临床资料。以DES或BMS使用为因变量,分析影响支架类型选择的因素。进一步分析应用DES和BMS患者院内临床结局是否存在差异。结果logistic多因素回归分析显示,前壁心肌梗死(OR 1.79,95%CI 1.51~2.11,P<0.001)、合并糖尿病(OR 1.28,95%CI 1.05~1.56,P=0.015)、球囊预处理(OR 2.46,95%CI 2.01~3.02,P<0.001)、支架后扩张(OR 1.22,95%CI 1.04~1.44,P=0.018)与支架选择相关。一级复合终点DES组与BMS组发生率分别是3.4%和2.7%,差异无统计学意义(OR 1.28,95%CI 0.79~2.05,P=0.312)。在经过年龄、性别、Killip心功能分级Ⅳ级、是否前壁心肌梗死、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、肾功能衰竭病史、心肌梗死病史、手术时机、支架种类多因素调整后两组发生率差异无统计学意义(OR 1.15,95%CI 0.71~1.87,P=0.575)。单独对院内死亡进行分析,也未发现支架选择与院内死亡产生的相关性(OR 0.97,95%CI 0.51~1.82,P=0.919)。结论DES时代,在进行ST段抬高型心肌梗死行直接PCI的过程中,患者具体的临床情况影响着介入医师对DES或BMS的选择。选择DES或BMS对患者住院期间的主要临床结局影响并无显著差异。     

Long-term effect of stenting in unprotected left main coronary artery disease in the elderly

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous stent implantation for treating left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis. Methods Consecutive patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease treated by stent-based percutaneous intervention (PCI) at 6 medical centers in China were enrolled. Procedural data and clinical outcomes were obtained from all patients. Results From January 2001 to December 2004, 138 patients (79 males and 59 females; mean age: 69.7±5.8 years) underwent PCI for LMCA stenosis. Bare metal stents (BMS) were implanted in 51 patients with non-bifurcational lesions and in 5 patients with bifurcational lesions from January of 2001 to June of 2003 (BMS group);. drug eluting stents (DES) were used unselectively to cover both bifurcational and non-bifurcational lesions in 86 patients from July of 2003 to December of 2004 (DES group). Procedural success rate of the 138 cases was 98% (135/138). One patient (0.7%) with bifurcation lesion who was treated with DES died from severe heart failure 2 weeks after the procedure. During a mean follow up period of 21.3±5.6 months, one patient died from renal failure, one from sudden cardiac death, 4 underwent target lesion revascularization (TLR) in the BMS group, which all occurred in patients with bifurcational lesions; whereas in the DES group no deaths occurred and only one patient with bifurcational lesion had TLR. Conclusions (1) PCI is feasible and relatively safe to treat unprotected left main coronary artery disease in elderly patients at medical centers with experienced professionals. (2) BMS and DES have similar immediate and long-term efficacy in the treatment of ostium and shaft lesions of the LMCA. (3) DES are strongly suggested in the therapy of distal bifurcation lesion of unprotected LMCA.