先天性冠状动脉变异64层螺旋CT的诊断价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉变异的诊断价值.方法 搜集本院行64层心脏CTA检查诊断为冠状动脉变异患者45例,对原始图像进行最大密度投影、曲面重组、多平面重组、容积再现和血管探针等后处理重组,分析各型冠状动脉变异的形态学特征.结果 冠状动脉起源异常共7例:1例左冠状动脉源于右冠状窦,2例右冠状动脉源于左冠状窦,1例右冠状动脉起源于后冠状窦,2例冠状动脉高位开口于主动脉壁(其中1例伴肌桥),1例右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉.冠状动脉瘘2例:1例右冠状动脉-左心室瘘(伴左回旋支发育不良),1例右冠状动脉-支气管动脉瘘.32例心肌桥-壁冠状动脉,5例冠状动脉发育不良.1例左回旋支未发育.结论 64层冠状动脉CTA能准确显示冠状动脉变异的解剖细节,对其形态学评价具有突出优势,有重要诊断价值.     

冠状动脉变异的64层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64-MSCT)对冠状动脉变异(CAA)的诊断价值及预后评估.方法 收集我院行64-MSCT心脏检查诊断为冠状动脉变异患者44例,对原始图像进行最大密度投影(MIP)、曲面重建(CPR)、多平面重建(MPR)、立体重建(VR)和血管探针等后处理重建,分析各型冠状动脉变异的形态学特征.结果 冠状动脉起源异常共7例:1例左冠状动脉源于右冠状窦,2例有冠状动脉源于左冠状窦,1例右冠状动脉起源于后冠状窦,2例冠状动脉高位开口于主动脉壁,1例右冠状动脉起源于肺动脉.32例心肌桥-壁冠状动脉(其中1例同时有冠状动脉高位开口);5例冠状动脉发育不良.1例左回旋支未发育.结论 64-MSCT能准确显示冠状动脉变异的解剖细节,对其形态学评价具有突出优势,有重要诊断价值.     

双源CT血管成像评估冠状动脉异常起源的价值

目的：探讨双源CT血管成像对冠状动脉异常起源的诊断价值。方法：对8375例成人冠状动脉双源CT血管成像中109例显示为冠状动脉异常起源的图像进行回顾性分析。结果：本组中冠状动脉起源异常检出率为1.3%（109/8375）,包括左侧冠状动脉起源异常37例（窦上开口4例,窦后开口4例,回旋支异位开口于右侧冠状窦8例,回旋支独立开口于左冠状窦15例,左冠开口于右冠状窦或右冠状动脉4例,左冠开口于肺动脉1例,回旋支缺如1例）,右侧冠状动脉起源异常61例（高位开口29例,异位开口于左冠状窦24例,圆锥支独立开口8例）,左、右冠状动脉均起源异常11例;109例起源异常中发现伴随冠状动脉肺动脉瘘2例,心肌桥4例。结论：双源CT可以准确诊断冠状动脉起源异常,并可发现其它伴随病变,是一种无创有效的检查方法。     

1879例成人非先天性心脏病患者双源CT检出的冠状动脉起源异常24例分析

目的：评价双源CT（DSCT）在成人非先天性心脏病患者冠状动脉起源异常检出中的价值。方法：回顾性分析2008年9月,2009年2月期间进行了DSCF冠状动脉检查的资料,总结成人非先天性心脏病患者冠状动脉起源异常的检出率。结果：1881例进行冠状动脉检查的患者中,共有1879例患者为非先天性心脏病患者,共检出了24例冠状动脉起源异常,检出率为1．3％。其中15例为右冠状动脉起源异常（12例起自左冠状窦,3例为高位起源）,8例为左冠状动脉起源异常（3例起自无冠状窦,回旋支起自左冠状窦、高位开口、回旋支起自右冠状动脉、左冠状动脉起自右冠状窦、单一冠状动脉各1例）,1例为左右冠状动脉均起源异常（均为高位开口）。结论：本组成人非先天性心脏病患者冠状动脉起源异常的检出率为1．3％。DSCT可很好地显示冠状动脉起源异常和走行,为临床决策提供重要信息。     

多层螺旋CT评价先天性单冠状动脉畸形

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉造影诊断先天性单冠状动脉畸形的价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析4例先天性单冠状动脉患者的MSCT和常规X线冠状动脉造影（CCA）资料。对比两者在显示和诊断此病中的差异。仿真内镜技术用于评价异位开口及其与邻近正常冠状动脉开口的关系，多平面重建、曲面多平面重建、最大密度投影、容积成像等重建方法则用于评价变异冠状动脉的行径及其与邻近大血管的关系。结果 4例患者变异的冠状动脉全部为MSCT造影所显示并明确诊断。MSCT显示3例患者的左主干起源于右冠状动脉的近段，其中1例在CCA中左主干仅近段局部显影，未能明确诊断，另2例左冠状动脉虽显影，但较淡。1例右冠状动脉起源于左主干的末端，CCA则误为起源于回旋支。MSCT显示2例异常开口冠状动脉的近段狭窄，3支异常冠状动脉穿过主动脉根部和肺动脉或右室流出道的间隙，1支绕主动脉根部后方走行，而CCA均不能明确诊断。结论 MSCT显示先天性单冠状动脉明显优于CCA，凡疑及冠状动脉变异的患者，可首选非创伤性的MSCT冠状动脉造影检查。     

左冠窦开口的右冠状动脉CTA表现及临床意义

【摘要】目的：总结起源于左冠窦的右冠状动脉的CTA及临床表现,分析其开口类型、走行路径及临床意义。方法：搜集右冠状动脉起源于左冠窦的121病例,分析其开口类型、狭窄部位与走行特点并与临床表现对照,分析不同类型的CTA与临床表现差异。结果：开口于左冠状窦的右冠状动脉有以下几种开口类型和走行路径,分别是单独左冠窦开口111例（91.73%）、与左主干共同开口7例（5.78%）和单独左冠窦上开口3例(2.49%)3种类型;有主肺动脉间110例（90.91%）、主动脉与右室流出道间11例（9.09%）两种走行。单独左冠窦开口类型在开口狭窄率和起始段狭窄率分别是51.35%（57/111）和41.44%（46/111）与其它开口类型对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.001)。11例心绞痛和29例心律失常患者均发生于单独左冠窦开口类型,与其它类型对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.001)。结论：右冠状动脉左冠窦开口有左冠窦单独开口、左冠窦上单独开口和与左主干共同开口3种不同开口类型,主动脉肺动脉间和主动脉右室流出道间两种不同的走行路径。右冠状动脉单独左冠窦开口且主肺动脉间走行路径是最常见且有临床风险的类型。     

64层螺旋CT诊断婴儿左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的应用价值

目的 探讨64层MSCT诊断婴儿左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的价值.方法 对行64层MsCT扫描的7例经手术或尸检证实的左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的病例进行回顾性分析.结果 7例CT均观察到左侧冠状动脉直接开口于肺动脉主干,其中3例起自肺动脉主干的右侧壁,2例起自肺动脉瓣窦内,1例起自肺动脉主干的左侧壁,1例起自左后侧壁.7例右冠状动脉起源未见异常,均起自主动脉右冠状窦,其中4例迂曲扩张.结论 64层MSCT对左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的畸形可提供准确直观的图像,已经成为诊断婴儿左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的首要检查方法.     

64层螺旋CT在小儿冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64-SCT)小儿冠状动脉造影的临床应用.方法 对21例小儿患者行64-SCT冠状动脉造影检查,对冠状动脉疾病进行诊断.所有患者均行彩色多普勒检查,6例同时行DSA检查.结果 21例行64-SCT小儿冠状动脉造影的患者中12例为冠状动脉发育异常,右冠状动脉双开口3例,左冠状动脉回旋支与右冠状动脉主干共干起源于主动脉右窦2例,左冠状动脉前降支与右冠状动脉共干起源于主动脉右窦2例,左冠状动脉前降支与左冠状动脉回旋支均直接起源于主动脉左窦2例,左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉1例,1例左右冠状动脉起源正常但所有冠状动脉均匀性迂曲增粗,1例左冠状动脉主干闭塞,右冠状动脉迂曲增粗并伴有多发侧枝循环.6例患者为川崎病伴发冠状动脉单发或多发瘤样扩张.3例患者未见明显异常.所有同时行DSA检查的患者,除左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉主干的1例患者DSA诊断左冠状动脉缺如外,其余5例其诊断结果与64-SCT诊断结果相吻合.结论 64-SCT是一种小儿冠状动脉疾病无创的、安全可靠的检查方法.     

成人冠状动脉起源变异的64排螺旋CT分析

目的 以64排螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影(CTA)的方法分析成人冠状动脉起源变异的发生率及主要形式.方法 以5 011例有诊断价值的冠状动脉CTA图像作为研究对象,观察冠状动脉起源变异的发生及表现形式.结果 5 011例病例中,共发现冠状动脉起源变异 32例(0.64%).其中右冠状动脉起源于左冠状动脉窦最多见(21/32).其次为回旋支起源于右冠状动脉窦(7/32),左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦(4/32).结论 冠状动脉起源变异罕见.冠状动脉起源变异的主要形式为右冠状动脉起源于左冠状动脉窦.64排冠状动脉CTA可以准确发现冠状动脉起源异常,是相对无创、精确的检查方法.     

64排容积CT对成人冠状动脉起源异常的诊断价值

 目的 探讨64排容积CT对成人冠状动脉起源异常的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析3 030例成人冠状动脉CTA检查资料. 结果 3 030例冠脉CTA中,检查出冠状动脉起源异常70例,检出率为2.3%,其中冠状动脉起源于对侧冠状窦及窦外27例(38.5%);冠状动脉高位开口23例(32.8%);前降支、回旋支均开口于左冠状窦17例(24.3%);单一冠脉2例(均为单一左冠,其中1例合并左主干高开口,2.8%),回旋支开口于对角支及窦房结支开口于右冠状窦各1例(1.4%).结论 64排容积CT诊断冠状动脉起源异常是一种无创、安全、准确、经济的检查方法 .     

Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Eighteen patients with diagnosed Tetralogy of Fallot underwent cardiac CT angiography with 64-slice CT (CTA). Two- and three-dimensional images were used for diagnosing in all cases by means of MPR (coronal, sagital and oblique), cMPR, MIP and VRT. RESULTS: All patients had ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophy of right ventricle. The morphologic features of Tetralogy of Fallot were equal to echocardiography. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were detected on eight patients. Main coronary artery branches and partial sub-branches were visualized in all patients. Abnormal coronary arteries were found in seven cases: both left and right main coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus one case, right main coronary artery and circumflex (CX) arising from the right aortic sinus one case, left anterior descending (LAD) and CX arising from left aortic sinus directly one case, left and right coronary artery arising from back and front of the aortic sinus, respectively, three cases. Pulmonary artery branch stenosis was found in 12 cases and branch pulmonary artery dilation noticed in 1 case. Double superior vena cava was also found in one case. According to the surgery the diagnostic accuracy of CT and Echocardiography was 95.45 and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two- and three-dimensional 64-slice CTA not only show the overall anatomical structure of the heart, but also show coronary and pulmonary arteries. With these results, evaluation of coronary anomalies and pulmonary artery stenosis with 64-MSCT is extremely valuable for planning the operative procedure on the patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.     

64排CTA对冠状动脉埋藏式走行的诊断价值

目的:探讨64排128层螺旋CT对先天性冠状动脉起源异常及埋藏式走行的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析25例冠脉起源异常患者的64排128层CT冠脉血管成像及冠脉血管造影(CAG)资料。CT检查资料采用容积再现(VR)、曲面重组(MPR)及最大密度投影(MIP)等方法进行图像后处理,观察冠状动脉的起源及走行,并与CAG的结果进行对照。结果:MSCTA显示25例患者均为冠状动脉起源于相反主动脉窦开口,16例(16/25)为右冠状动脉起自左冠状窦,其中6例为右冠状动脉走行于主动脉与肺动脉-右室流出道之间,呈埋藏式走行;9例为左冠状动脉起源于右冠状窦,其中2例为左冠状动脉走行于主动脉与肺动脉-右室流出道之间,呈埋藏式走行。8例埋藏式走行的冠状动脉中7例冠脉与主动脉间夹角<45°,7例管腔狭窄>50%。25例患者中CAG仅正确诊断冠脉起源异常22例,漏诊2例、误诊1例,8例冠脉埋藏式走行均未能提示。结论:64排128层CTA对冠脉起源异常及冠脉埋藏式走行的诊断准确性高,优于冠状动脉造影检查。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像诊断心肌桥-壁冠状动脉的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对心肌桥-壁冠状动脉的诊断价值。方法：2006年8月-2008年7月我院行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像432例,将原始数据传至工作站,行多平面重建（MPR）、容积重建（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和曲面重建（CPR）等后处理并进行分析。结果：432例行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像中发现心肌桥-壁冠状动脉72例,检出率为16.7%（72/432）。其中,63例发生于左冠状动脉前降支及其分支,10例发生在第一对角支,2例发生于第二对角支,8例发生在钝缘支,1例发生于回旋支,2例发生于右冠状动脉及其分支,另外,7例为多支病变。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对心肌桥-壁冠状动脉检出率高,是确诊心肌桥-壁冠状动脉并与冠心病相鉴别的有效方法。     

多层螺旋CT对先天性右冠状动脉起始变异的评价

目的 以常规X线冠状动脉造影（CAG）为标准，评价16层螺旋CT在鉴别右冠状动脉（RCA）异常起源和异常行程中的价值。方法 回顾性分析8例先天性RCA变异患者的多层螺旋CT造影（MSCTA）表现，其中7例有CAG资料。对比分析两者在显示RCA异位开口和异常行程方面的差异。仿真内镜技术用于评价异位开口及其与邻近正常冠状动脉开口的关系。采用多平面重组（MPR）、曲面多平面重组（CMPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、容积成像（VR）重组方法评价冠状动脉的异常行径及其与邻近大血管的关系。CAG所显示的RCA，至少有2个不同的视角用于评价其起源和行程。结果 8例患者变异的RCA全部为MSCTA所显示。其中6例患者的RCA起源于左冠状动脉窦，1例起源于左主冠状动脉的末端，另1例则起源于扩大前移的后冠窦。所有异常开口均未见狭窄。8支异常冠状动脉均穿过主动脉根部和肺动脉或右室流出道的司隙。7例CAG则仅5例显示异常。结论 MSCTA显示先天性变异的RCA明显优于CAG，凡疑为冠状动脉变异的患者，可首选非创伤性的16层MSCTA检查。     

64层螺旋CT在川崎病冠状动脉病变中的应用价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT在川崎病冠状动脉病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析川崎病20例,所有患者均行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影和彩色多普勒超声检查,并对伴有冠状动脉病变患儿进行随访。结果典型川崎病患者15例,其中9例CT和彩色多普勒超声冠状动脉检查均未见异常,5例显示相同(2例左、右冠状动脉扩张,2例冠状动脉瘤形成,1例巨大动脉瘤伴附壁血栓),1例CT示左、右冠状动脉中远段多发瘤样扩张,B超未见明显异常。非典型川崎病患者5例,其中3例CT和B超冠状动脉检查均显示相同(2例冠状动脉瘤,1例双侧冠状动脉增粗迂曲),2例B超未见异常,CT示冠状动脉均有病变(1例冠状动脉瘤,1例冠状动脉狭窄)。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对川崎病冠状动脉病变的诊断和随访很有价值。     

Anomalous coronary arteries in adults: depiction at multi-detector row CT angiography

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the imaging features of anomalous coronary arteries depicted at multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) angiography in 18 patients seen at four institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent imaging with a four- or 16-section multi-detector row CT unit by using retrospective electrocardiographic (ECG) gating after infusion of 120-150 mL of intravenous contrast material. Section thicknesses of 0.8-3.0 mm were achieved during breath holding, and images were reconstructed with a 50% overlap. Volumetric reconstructions were obtained for each patient. Each study was assessed retrospectively for the origin and course of the anomalous coronary artery by two thoracic radiologists; decisions were made in consensus. Institutional review board exemption and informed consent waiver was granted at each institution. The study was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were referred because of equivocal findings at cardiac catheterization or echocardiography; in one, the anomalous coronary artery was incidental. A total of 20 anomalous vessels were found. Twelve patients with 14 variant vessels had an anomalous origin of a left coronary artery (right cusp, 13; noncoronary cusp, one). In four patients, an anomalous right coronary artery originated from the left side; one patient had a single coronary artery arising from the right cusp. In one patient, a left coronary artery-to-vein fistula was observed. In 10 patients, the anomalous vessel passed between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery or right ventricular outflow track. In each case, the origin of the anomalous coronary artery and its course in relationship to the great vessels were unequivocally demonstrated. Volumetric images were useful for showing the three-dimensional orientation of the anomalous coronary artery with respect to the great vessels and cardiac chambers. CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT angiography provided accurate depiction of vessel origin and course in this review of 20 anomalous coronary arteries. The results of this study suggest that CT is a viable noninvasive modality for delineating coronary arterial anomalies, particularly if findings at coronary angiography are equivocal.     

Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries: Diagnosis with 64 slice multidetector CT

Objective

Congenital coronary artery anomalies are generally incidental, uncommon and asymptomatic. Some can cause severe potentially life threatening symptoms. The common mode of studying the coronary arteries is Conventional Coronary Angiogram. ECG-gated-multidetector CT is a non invasive modality. The objective of our study was to identify rare congenital coronary artery anomalies and discuss their clinical significance.

Material and methods

A total number of 900 MDCT coronary angiograms were carried out at our institution between the period of April 2006 and October 2010. Patients with coronary artery anomaly constituted the subject of study.

Results

The incidence of anomalous anatomical origin and course of the coronary arteries in our study was 1.55%. Hemodynamical significance was seen in five patients. 3 cases of single coronary artery originating from right coronary sinus were seen. 1 case of anomalous left coronary artery arising from main pulmonary artery was seen. 4 cases of anomalous RCA arising from left aortic cusp, 6 cases of absent LMCA with separate origin of LAD and LCX were seen.

Conclusion

Multidetector row CT is a noninvasive modality in cardiac imaging. It provides superior resolution of coronary tree and its variant. No projectional vascular overlap is seen. Various postprocessing techniques outclass catheter angiography imaging. Definition of ostia and proximal course of the coronary arteries by Multidetector CT is better than catheter angiography.     

An unusual case of coronary artery fistula to the pulmonary artery,diagnosed with 64-MDCT coronary angiography

This report describes a case of complex coronary–pulmonary artery fistula with one feeding vessel from the proximal part of the right coronary. The complex anatomy of the fistula was shown in detail by multidetector computed tomography using multiplanar reconstruction and 3D volume rendering techniques.Traditionally, conventional angiography has been used for the diagnosis of coronary anomalies. With more frequent use of 64-row multi-detector computed tomography (CT) in chest and cardiac imaging, the number of incidentally found coronary artery fistulas has been increasing.     

320排动态容积CT在评价冠状动脉解剖结构方面的价值

目的:探讨320排动态容积CT在评价冠状动脉解剖结构方面的价值,阐述其在CTA扫描方面的优势,并分析其对冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)及介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的临床指导意义。方法:行320排动态容积扫描的冠状动脉CTA受检者中CTA图像未发现病变且图像质量为1级者70例,均测量其左冠状动脉主干、右冠状动脉、左前降支及左回旋支开口处的内径,左、右冠状动脉的开口位置、开口角度,左前降支与左回旋支之间角度及左主干长度,并按性别分组,行统计学分析。结果:1左冠状动脉主干、右冠状动脉、左前降支及左回旋支开口处的内径平均值分别为(4.10±0.80)mm、(3.52±0.69)mm、(3.43±0.72)mm及(2.84±0.77)mm。其中,男性平均值分别为(4.25±0.80)mm、(3.78±0.68)mm、(3.54±0.75)mm及(3.06±0.83)mm;女性平均值分别为(3.91±0.79)mm、(3.18±0.53)mm、(3.30±0.66)mm及(2.54±0.58)mm。2左、右冠状动脉起始处与升主动脉之间夹角分别为110.13°±15.04°、47.49°±17.19°。其中,男性平均值分别为108.42°±17.25°、45.57°±17.07°;女性平均值分别为112.41°±11.33°、50.05°±17.30°。左前降支与左回旋支之间夹角平均为72.70±30.88°,其中男性为74.18°±31.04°;女性为70.74°±31.08°。3左、右冠状动脉开口位置:位于窦内者分别占78.57%、81.43%,位于窦管结合处者分别占15.71%、14.29%,位于窦外者分别占5.72%、4.29%。4左主干长度平均为(10.49±4.08)mm。其中男性平均为(10.63±4.48)mm;女性平均为(10.29±3.53)mm。5冠状动脉变异情况:左、右冠状动脉开口高位者各1例;双开口10例;右冠状动脉缺如1例;心肌桥9例;冠状动脉瘘1例。结论:320排动态容积CT可清晰显示冠状动脉正常解剖结构及变异情况,对于指导CAG及PCI有重要临床意义。