极低出生体质量儿宫外生长迟缓的危险因素分析

目的：回顾极低出生体质量儿（very low birth weight infant,VLBWI）宫外生长迟缓（extrauterine growth retardation,EU－GR）发生情况并分析发生EUGR的相关因素。方法：选择2009年9月至2011年6月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿重症监护病房住院成活VLBWI 87例进行回顾性分析。入选标准：出生体质量<1 500 g,入院时间<24 h且住院天数≥14 d,不伴有影响生长发育的先天畸形或遗传代谢性疾病。排除标准：住院天数<14 d,住院期间放弃治疗或死亡。将入选病例分为EUGR组和非EUGR组。计数资料比较采用卡方检验,正态分布的计量资料比较用t检验,非正态分布计量资料采用秩和检验,EUGR相关危险因素用二元logistic回归分析。结果：2009年9月至2011年6月符合纳入标准的VLBWI 87例,其中EUGR为74例（85.1%）,非EUGR为13例（14.9%）;EUGR组宫内生长迟缓（intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR）发生率（27.6%）比非EUGR组（0%）高,平均出生胎龄（31.21周/29.27周）和出院日龄（36.82周/34.00周）较大,恢复至出生体质量时间（10.54 d/6.69 d）和开始肠内营养时间（3.82 d/1.85 d）较长（P<0.05）,而出院时口服热卡[91.96 kcal/（kg·d）/146.23 kcal/（kg·d）较低（P＜0.05）];logistic回归结果显示IUGR（OR=0.77）、开始肠内营养时间晚（OR=12.081）、恢复至出生体质量时间长（OR=48.404）是EUGR发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：IUGR、开始肠内营养时间晚、恢复至出生体质量时间长是VLBWI发生EUGR的危险因素。     

中晚期早产儿出院时宫外生长发育迟缓危险因素的分析

目的：分析中晚期早产儿出院时宫外生长发育迟缓（extrauterine growth retardation,EUGR）的发生率及相关危险因素,为今后EUGR 的防治提供参考依据。方法：收集海南省妇女儿童医学中心2016年1月—2018年6月NICU 住院的中晚期早产儿1 374例的临床资料,按照出院时体重分为EUGR 组和非EUGR组,比较两组患儿的各项指标,所有数据采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：中期早产儿EUGR发生率为26.74%,晚期早产儿EUGR发生率为26.14%,中期早产儿与晚期早产儿EUGR发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.033,P=0.855）;出生体重越低EUGR发生率越高,不同出生体重早产儿 EUGR 发生率差异有统计学意义（χ2 =81.746,P < 0.001）;EUGR 组脑损伤、败血症及早产儿视网膜病变发生率均高于非EUGR 组,两组差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;EUGR 组全肠内营养时间、吸氧时间、禁食时间及住院时间均长于非EUGR 组,两组差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）;EUGR 组妊娠期高血压、多胎、宫内生长迟缓（intrauterine growth retardation,IUGR）、脐带异常发生率高于非EUGR 组,两组差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;EUGR组胎儿出生体重显著低于非EUGR组,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Logistic 回归分析显示,多胎、IUGR、脐带异常、出生体重及住院时间均为 EUGR 发生的独立危险因素。结论：中晚期早产儿EUGR的发生与多胎、IUGR、脐带异常、较低出生体重及较长住院时间有关。加强围生保健工作,预防低体重儿的出生,合理的营养支持,积极防治高危因素,减少出生后各种并发症的发生,是降低中晚期早产儿 EUGR 发生的重要措施。     

极低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓的相关影响因素分析

目的探讨影响极低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓（EUGR）的相关危险因素。方法选择胎龄≤32周且出生体重≤1500g的早产儿276例,根据是否发生EUGR,分成EUGR组104例和非EUGR组172例。比较两组早产儿的基本情况、母孕期合并症、住院期间合并症、体重变化、营养摄入等情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析影响EUGR的相关危险因素。结果两组极低出生体重儿出生胎龄、出生体重、宫内生长迟缓发生率、多胎发生率、体重恢复时间、体重日均增长、出院体重、开始肠内营养时间、完全肠内营养时间、肠外营养持续时间、经鼻持续气道正压通气应用时间、气管插管机械通气时间、住院天数比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;EUGR组极低出生体重儿母孕期妊娠期高血压、妊娠期激素应用、胎膜早破发生率均高于非EUGR组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;EUGR组极低出生体重儿住院期间呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管肺发育不良、酸碱失衡、动脉导管未闭、贫血发生率均高于非EUGR组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示出生胎龄、出生体重、母孕期激素应用、宫内生长迟缓、呼吸窘迫综合征、开始肠内营养时间均为EUGR的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论出生胎龄及出生体重是影响极低出生体重儿日后生长发育的重要因素,注重母孕期保健、降低宫内生长迟缓发生率、出生后尽早开始肠内营养等可有效降低极低出生体重儿EUGR的发生率。     

低出生体重早产儿宫外发育迟缓的相关因素分析

目的探讨胎龄≤32周低出生体重早产儿宫外发育迟缓（EUGR）发生率及其相关影响因素。方法纳入126例胎龄≤32周低出生体重早产儿,记录胎龄（超声或出生时成熟度分析数据）、出生时体重、身长、头围、性别、是否低于胎龄儿、是否存在呼吸窘迫综合征、最大生理性体重减少率、恢复出生体重的天数、起始肠内喂养时间、完全肠内喂养时间（每天奶量〉100 ml/kg·d）,37～42周时测定早产儿体重、身长、头围,以体重、身长和头围计,分析EUGR发生率、其危险因素以及适于胎龄儿（AGA）和低于胎龄儿（SGA）EUGR发生率。结果 EUGR组胎龄、出生体重、出生身长、出生头围均低于非EUGR组（均P〈0.01）,而体重下降率（%）、恢复出生体重时间、起始肠内喂养时间以及完全肠内喂养时间均大于非EUGR组（均P〈0.01）,SGA比例明显大于非EUGR组（均P〈0.05）。以体重、身长、头围计,所有新生儿EUGR发生率分别为47.6%、39.7%和4.8%。总体上SGA宫外发育迟缓率明显高于AGA（均P〈0.01）。胎龄、恢复出生体重时间、完全肠内喂养时间与EUGR发生密切相关。结论胎龄、宫内发育迟缓、营养摄入差及呼吸窘迫综合症仍是胎龄≤32周早产儿EUGR发生的危险因素。     

小胎龄早产儿宫外生长发育迟缓的临床分析

目的 了解小胎龄早产儿宫外生长迟缓（EUGR）发生率及高危因素。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月～2013年12月在淮安市妇幼保健院新生儿医学中心住院治疗且存活出院的胎龄≤32周早产儿资料。根据出院时体重是否标低于校正年龄体重的第10百分位（P10）诊断EUGR,分为EUGR组61例和对照组118例。分析EUGR发生情况和相关因素,应用Logistic多元回归分析EUGR的高危因素。结果 ①179例小胎龄早产儿中,宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）发生率为4．5％（8／179）,EUGR发生率为34．1％（61／179）。②早产儿随胎龄和出生体重降低IUGR发生率明显增加,各胎龄组的早产儿严重IUGR（χ^2=7．313）和IUGR（χ^2=7．083）发生率及各体重组之间的早产儿严重IUGR（χ^2=15．819）和IUGR（χ^2=37．160）发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。早产儿随胎龄和出生体重降低EUGR发生率明显增加,各胎龄组早产儿严重EUGR（χ^2=10．265）和EUGR（χ^2=7．320）发生率及各体重组之间早产儿严重EUGR（χ^2=22．959）和EUGR（χ^2=50．264）发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。③两组胎龄、出生体重、出院体重、出生Z评分、住院天数、首次胃肠喂养时间、达到全胃肠喂养时间、达最大静脉营养时间、女性、感染、IUGR、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症（NRDS）、动脉导管未闭、支气管肺发育不良、母亲妊娠高血压综合征、插管机械通气和重度贫血等单因素比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析发现低出生体重、低胎龄、NRDS和女性为小胎龄早产儿发生EUGR的高危因素（均P〈0．05）。结论 小胎龄早产儿EUGR发生率较高,其发生的高危因素为低出生体重、低胎龄和NRDS和女性。     

极低出生体重儿及超低出生体重儿宫外发育迟缓相关因素及早期干预的效果

目的：探讨影响极低出生体重儿,超低出生体重儿宫外发育迟缓的危险因素和评价早期微量喂养加腹部按摩的干预效果。方法：收集135例极低出生体重和超低出生体重儿,分析其宫外生长迟缓的发生率和并发症的发生率;通过是否发生宫外生长迟缓分组后,用 Logistic 回归分析引起宫外发育迟缓的危险因素：将研究对象根据不同的护理干预方式分为早期微量喂养加腹部按摩组（观察组）和常规喂养组（对照组）,通过观察达全量肠营养时间、吮吸吞咽建立时间等指标,评价早期微量喂养加腹部按摩的干预效果。结果：经多因素 Logistic 回归分析胎龄（OR ＝2．981）、出生体重（OR ＝4．215）、出生头围（OR＝1．989）、IUGR（OR ＝1．283）、静脉用氨基酸最大量（OR ＝2．057）、达到肠道标准热卡所需时间（OR＝4．782）是宫外生长迟缓的危险因素。观察组的达全量肠营养时间、吮吸吞咽建立时间、拨胃管时间均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,观察组的每日体重增长量高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：胎龄、出生体重、感染、IUGR、出生头围是极低出生体重和超低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓的危险因素。早期微量喂养加腹部按摩有较好的干预效果。     

低出生体重儿早期积极肠内营养支持的临床观察

目的探讨早期积极肠内营养支持对低出生体重儿生长发育及喂养相关并发症的影响。方法将出生24 h内入院83例住院时间大于2周,无喂养禁忌症的低出生体重儿随机分为早期积极肠内营养支持加肠外营养（A组）和常规喂养组加肠外营养（B组）,比较两组：生理性体重下降发生率,体重下降〉10%发生率,体重开始增长时间,自行吮母乳时间,达到全肠内营养天数,喂养并发症发生率,出院时宫外生长发育迟缓（EUGR）的发生率。结果两组生理性体重下降发生率（90.7%vs95%）,体重下降〉10%发生率（11.6%vs 32.5%）。体重开始增长时间（d）（8.0±3.6 vs 9.9±3.8）,自行吮母乳时间（d）（8.6±1.7 vs 10.4±1.6）,达到全肠内营养天数（d）;（9.0±2.4）（8±12 vs 6±2.8）,喂养并发症发生率（58%vs 45%）,EUGR的发生率（30.2%vs 52.5%）。结论早期积极肠内营养支持能有效地缩短达到全肠内营养天数,减少EUGR的发生率。     

探讨极低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓的因素

目的: 分析极低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓的影响因素.方法: 将我院收治的20例非宫外生长迟缓的极低出生体重儿设置为对照组,另收集20例宫外生长迟缓极低出生体重儿设置为观察组,分析其影响因素.结果: 观察组肠内营养时间、出生胎龄、口服热卡均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论: 肠内营养时间少、出生胎龄低、口服热卡低均为导致极低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓的重要因素.     

肠内联合肠外营养支持治疗极低出生体重儿临床观察

目的探讨极低出生体重儿（VLBWI）肠内联合肠外营养支持与体重增长等因素的关系。方法将新生儿科收治的80例VLBWI随机分为两组,治疗组40例应用肠内联合肠外营养支持,对照组40例应用肠外营养支持。比较两组在体重增长、达基础热卡时间、达足量肠内营养时间、住院时间及并发症情况。结果治疗组治疗后达足量肠内营养时间及住院时间均明显缩短,胆汁性肝炎、低血糖症、高脂血症等代谢异常发生明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论如VLBWI生命体征稳定,生后尽可能早应用肠内联合肠外营养支持,有助于改善VLBWI营养和预后。     

早产儿宫外发育迟缓167例临床分析

目的:探讨影响早产儿出院时宫外发育迟缓(EUGR)发生率的相关因素,为制定预防早产儿发生EUGR的策略提供临床依据。方法:以本院2012年2月至2013年2月出生的早产儿为研究对象。对不同胎龄及出生体重的早产儿进行比较,并分析发生EUGR的相关因素。结果:体重≤1 500g的早产儿组EUGR发生率为66.2%,体重>1 500g的早产儿组EUGR发生率37.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎龄<34周的早产儿组EUGR发生率为71.3%,胎龄≥34周的早产儿组EUGR发生率为44.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)、感染、生后体重下降时间是发生EUGR的危险因素。结论:胎龄及出生体重越小,发生EUGR的可能性越大。导致EUGR的因素是多重的,其中IUGR及感染、生后体重下降时间对EUGR影响最大,应积极预防及治疗并发症,重视早产儿早期营养,缩短患儿的体重下降时间是避免EUGR的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.