单光子发射型计算机断层显像剂注入剂量准确性的研究

目的探讨不同注射方法对放射性显像剂注入剂量准确性的影响。方法将120例进行单光子发射型计算机断层（SPECT）显像的患者，随机分成2组，每组60例，分别用传统直接注射法和头皮针注射法注射^99m Tc-标记化合物。测量两种情况下注射器内放射性残留量并观察血管外漏情况。结果不同注射方法注射器内残留放射性活度间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01），传统直接注射法明显高于头皮针注射法。头皮针注射法外漏明显少于传统的注射法。结论与传统直接注射法比较，使用头皮针注射法注射器内残留放射性活度和血管外漏率显著减少，注射准确性最高。     

不同几何位置对测量注射器内残留放射性药物的放射性活度的影响

目的:分析不同的几何位置对测量注射器内残留放射性药物的放射性活度结果的影响。方法:选取注射99TcmO-4和99Tcm-MDP、18F-FDG的120支1 ml注射器、2ml注射器,将之根据注射方法分为对照组、观察组,在不同几何位置测量残留活度,并展开组间比较。结果:不同几何位置对注射器残余量的测定有一定影响,1 ml注射器残余量最大,且采用改良注射法的观察组残余量明显低于采用直接注射法的对照组。结论:核医学人员应掌握活度计应用方法,并针对性的改变注射方式,减少注射器内放射性药物的残留,为操作人员与患者提供更多的安全保障。     

18F-FDG 显像剂不同静脉注射法在 PET/CT 检查中的效果比较

目的：对比研究 PET ／CT 检查时18F‐脱氧葡萄糖（18F‐FDG）显像剂3种不同静脉注射法的穿刺成功率、药物注射残留量及工作人员射线接触时间的差异及意义。方法将240例 PET ／CT 检查患者分为 A 、B 、C 3组,每组各80例,分别用传统直接注射法、留置针注射法和头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法进行注射,比较各组穿刺给药成功率、药物残留量、工作人员接触放射性药物时间,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法和留置针注射法比传统直接注射法穿刺成功率高、工作人员接触放射性药物时间明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法比留置针注射法和传统直接注射法注射器内放射性药物残留量显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法显著提高了穿刺成功率,减少了放射性药物残留,同时减少了工作人员的射线接触时间,该方法在核素注射时具有优势。     

探讨SPECT显像对131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌的价值

目的:探讨SPECT显像在131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌的临床价值.方法:选取80例甲状腺癌利用SPECT全身扫描和SPECT联合断层显像仪融合扫描131I治疗后的患者,观察甲状腺癌转移灶存在部位和残留组织.结果:经131I治疗的SPECT全身显像和融合显像均能比较清楚地确定甲状腺残留组织和转移灶部位,比较而言131I SPECT与其他类型扫描仪融合显像发现病灶的数目多.结论:SPECT显像(无论是融合显像还是全身显像)能帮助监测、定位分化型甲状腺癌残留和转移灶部位,SPECT融合其他扫描仪监测定位更准确.     

静脉输液针头连接肝素帽在SPECT/CT骨显像中的应用研究

目的：研究静脉输液针头连接肝素帽在SPECT/CT骨显像中的应用效果。方法：选取2022年8月～11月行SPECT/CT骨显像的患者300例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组150例。对照组采用2 mL注射器直接静脉注射^99mTc-MDP,观察组采用静脉输液头皮针连接肝素帽,用5 mL注射器抽吸生理盐水排尽空气后行静脉穿刺,建立静脉通路后注射^99mTc-MDP,注射核素显像剂2～4 h后行SPECT/CT骨显像扫描。观察两组患者^99mTc-MDP外漏发生率、注射所需时间及图像质量,收集数据进行统计学分析。结果：观察组核素显像剂外漏发生率(0.67%)低于对照组(16.67%);观察组注射时间(20.85±2.14)s低于对照组的(38.89±17.51)s;观察组图像质量优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：输液针头连接肝素帽静脉注射99m Tc-MDP,不仅降低了显像剂外漏率,确保显像剂足量安全注射要求,还提高图像质,缩短放射性药品注射时间,减少了放射性核素接触时间,优化辐射防护措施。     

三种注射法在肾动态显像中的“弹丸”质量比较

目的研究核素肾动态显像中三种不同＂弹丸＂注射法在单光子发射型计算机断层显像（SPECT）中的质量优劣。方法将180例肾动态显像患者分为三组,每组60例。三组患者静脉穿刺部位相同,分别用传统直接注射法、留置针注射法和三通管注射法进行＂弹丸＂注射,采用肾动态显影图像质量合格率作为观察指标,比较三种方法穿刺质量和＂弹丸＂显影质量。结果三者穿刺质量差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;留置针注射法＂弹丸＂良好率为33.3%、三通管注射法＂弹丸＂良好率为38.3%,直接注射法＂弹丸＂良好率为95.0%,三种＂弹丸＂注射质量比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,以直接注射法形成的＂弹丸＂质量最好。结论加强直接注射法技能演练,提高＂弹丸＂注射质量,在肾动态显像中才能更好地判断肾功能。     

超声检查与SPECT/CT显像在分化型甲状腺癌术后残留甲状腺组织诊断中的应用价值比较

目的:比较超声检查与SPECT/CT显像在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后残留甲状腺组织诊断中的应用价值。方法:选择完成手术治疗的DTC患者82例为研究对象。记录所有患者¹³¹I剂量与血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平。术后6个月进行超声检查与SPECT/CT显像,判断术后残留甲状腺组织情况。结果:在82例患者中,术后发生残留甲状腺组织12例(残留组),发生率为14.6%,未发生残留甲状腺组织70例(非残留组)。残留组¹³¹I剂量及血清TSH、Tg水平高于非残留组(均P<0.05)。SPECT/CT显像诊断术后残留甲状腺组织的准确率高于超声检查(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,超声与SPECT/CT显像诊断DTC术后残留甲状腺组织的曲线下面积分别为0.635和0.899,约登指数分别为0.625和0.833。结论:相对于超声检查,SPECT/CT显像对DTC术后残留甲状腺组织的诊断价值更高,能及时发现残留部位。     

胶质瘤表皮生长因子受体显像的实验研究

目的:探索131I标记表皮生长因子(EGF)对胶质瘤显像的可行性.方法:用神经胶质瘤C6细胞进行放射性摄取和滞留的体外实验;荷胶质瘤裸鼠尾静脉注射131I-EGF,于注射后30min、2h、6h、12h进行131I-EGF在鼠体内的放射性分布研究;在荷瘤鼠与正常对照鼠尾静脉注射131I-EGF后12h进行SPECT显像研究.结果:体外培养C6细胞对131I-EGF有较好的放射性摄取和滞留;在各个时间点,131I-EGF主要分布在荷瘤鼠肝、脾、肾等组织,瘤区放射性分布较高,脑组织最低,随时间延长肿瘤组织放射性分布逐渐增加,在12h时达最高;12h时SPECT显像图像清晰,瘤组织放射性分布明显,肝脾组织放射性分布较高,轮廓完整.结论:131I标记EGF有望为临床神经胶质瘤提供一种新的核医学诊断方法.     

SPECT对干细胞移植后梗死心肌细胞活性及心肌灌注的评价

目的 :应用SPECT观察干细胞移植后犬急性梗死心肌内血流灌注及心肌细胞活性的改变情况。方法 :取12只成年犬骨骼肌 ,分离干细胞并培养、传代、标记。将DAPI标记的干细胞 ,自左冠状动脉前降支注入急性心肌梗死动物模型缺血心肌中。 2 ,4 ,8周后自前肢浅静脉注射99Tcm-MIBI 2 0mCi,6 0min后显像 ,进行断层采集 ,范围从右前斜 4 5°到左后斜 4 5°,共 180°。结果 :实验前各实验动物SPECT心肌断层显像 ,所有断层均见不到显影的放射性缺损 ;实验组SPECT心肌断层显像与对照组比较 ,所有断层均见不到显影的放射性缺损 ,只可见到显影的稀疏区域 ,心肌血流灌注及细胞活性得到明显改善 ;实验组心肌灌注显像评分与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :干细胞移植可使缺血心肌的血流灌注及细胞活性得到明显改善 ;门控99Tcm-MIBISPECT心肌灌注显像操作简便 ,安全无创 ,结果准确可靠 ,能直观地反映缺血心肌内细胞活性及血流灌注的情况。     

SPECT的应用与潜力

单光子发射计算机断层照相术(Single-photou emission computed tomography, SPECT)是一种重建放射性示踪分布的截面显像方法,是经过了四分之一世纪还多的时间才发展起来的,比X线CT和MRI(磁共振显像)早得多。然而,仅在最近由于合适的放射性药物的发展和改进了仪器才使SPECT的临床应用普遍起来。通过机械旋转适合于截面显像的     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

The Targeted Pro-apoptotic Effect of scFv-mediated Delivery of Caspase-6 on HER2-positive Osteosarcoma Cells

Objective To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of scFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein on osteosarcoma E 10 cells. Methods The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （Her-2） in osteosarcoma cell line E10 was examined by flow cytometry analysis. ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 was generated by sequential fusion of the genes of a signal peptide, a single-chain Her-2 antibody （e23sFv）, a PEA translocation domain （PEA aa253-264）, and an recombinant caspase-6. The pCMV-immunocaspase-6 was produced by cloning above mentioned fusion genes into pCMV plasmid, and then pCMV-immunocaspase-6 plasmid mixed cationic liposome was transfected into E10 cells. The expression of fusion gene on transfected E10 cells was detected by immunocytochemical staining, The pro-apoptotic effects of fusion gene expression on morphology and growth status of E10 cells were observed by trypan blue cell staining, electron microscopy and MTT assay. Results The fusion protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected E10 cells. These cells presented typical characteristics of apoptosis as detected by electron microscopy. MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of transfected E10 cells was suppressed than that of non- or mock-transfected cells （P〈0.01）. Conclusion ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein can induce apoptosis of Her-2 positive osteosarcoma E10 cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy for the treatment of human high-grade osteosarcoma.     

Effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine treatment on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation: a meta-analysis

Background The therapeutic success of renal transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective and balanced immunosuppressive treatment regimens.This study provides a meta-analysis of a series of randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on metabolic syndrome （MetS） and cardiovascular risk factors after renal transplantation.Methods We searched various electronic databases and bibliographies,including MEDLINE,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and EMBASE,for relevant studies published prior to October 2012.Results Our meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials that examined a total of 923 patients.The tacrolimus group and the cyclosporine group exhibited no significant differences in MetS incidence after renal transplantation; risk ratio （RR）：1.06,95％ confidence interval （C/）：0.73-1.55,P=0.76.Cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia （RR：0.50,95％ CI：0.39-0.64,P ＜0.01）.Although there were no statistically significant differences,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension （RR：0.91,95％ CI：0.83-1.00,P=0.06） after renal transplantation compared to tacrolimus treatment,and tacrolimus treatment was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes after renal transplantation （RR：1.79,95％ CI：0.98-3.27,P=0.06） compared to cyclosporine treatment.Conclusions Compared to tacrolimus treatment,cyclosporine treatment was associated with a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia.Future large-scale studies are expected to be conducted to further confirm our findings.     

Iloprost inhibits fracture repair in rats

Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins （PGs） dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 （PGI2） on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group （n=18） received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group （n=18） received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography （by Lane-Sandhu） and histology （by Huo et al）.Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）.On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats.