口腔鳞癌发生过程中Survivin促血管生成作用的研究

目的探讨口腔鳞癌发生过程中Survivin促进血管生成的作用。方法选取北京口腔医院病理科存档石蜡标本45例,其中口腔白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生16例,口腔白斑伴上皮重度异常增生12例,口腔高-中分化鳞状细胞癌17例,另取正常口腔粘膜组织10例作对照。采用免疫组化SP法对各组织病损中Survivin和Von Willebrand Factor的表达情况进行检测。结果免疫组化结果显示,从正常粘膜→白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生→白斑伴上皮重度异常增生→口腔鳞癌,Survivin的表达量呈增加趋势;微血管密度则由正常对照组的28．49±11．87条／mm^2升高到口腔鳞癌组的91．98±40．20条／mm^2,各组之间有显著性差异。结论Survivin的过度表达是口腔鳞癌发生过程中的早期事件。随着Survivin表达量的增加,微血管密度明显升高。Survivin的过表达可能抑制了血管内皮细胞的凋亡,从而促进血管的生成。     

整联蛋白连接激酶在口腔白斑及早期浸润癌中的表达

目的 研究整联蛋白连接激酶(integrin-linked kinase,ILK)在口腔自斑及早期浸润癌中的表达特点及演变规律,以期为口腔癌前病变的诊断、治疗及口腔癌的预防提供依据.方法 联合应用免疫组织化学及过碘酸希夫反应(periodic acid Schiff reaction,PAS)方法研究ILK在19例正常口腔黏膜(正常黏膜组)、43例白斑伴上皮单纯增生(单纯增生组)、84例白斑伴上皮异常增生[异常增生组,包括轻、中度异常增生44例(轻中度异常增生组),重度异常增生和原位癌40例(重度异常增牛组)]及54例早期浸润癌(浸润癌组)中的表达情况及分布规律.结果 ILK在正常口腔黏膜中呈阴性表达,在其他3组中的阳性表达率可高达90%(163/181),并且ILK在间质的表达随病变程度的加重而增加(χ2=41.585,P<0.001).白斑从单纯增生至癌变,ILK的表达呈现从上皮浅层向基底层下移的趋势,基底细胞由阴性转为阳性着色,并且伴随从胞质向胞膜的分布改变.重度异常增生组基底层和间质表达之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.029).ILK在早期浸润癌的癌巢表达较癌旁上皮浅,间质阳性的病例[76%(41/54)]较重度异常增生[45%(18/40)]增多.结论 ILK在口腔白斑的癌变中可能起莺要作用,确切机制需进一步研究.     

CD25~＋ Foxp3~＋调节性T细胞和Th17细胞在口腔白斑组织中的表达

目的：通过观察CD25＋Foxp3＋和IL-17阳性细胞在口腔黏膜白斑（oral leukoplakia,OLK）和口腔鳞状细胞癌（oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC）组织中的表达情况,探讨Treg细胞和Th17细胞在口腔癌发生发展过程中的变化。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD25＋Foxp3＋、IL-17阳性细胞在10例单纯增生性白斑、32例异常增生性白斑、13例OSCC和10例正常口腔黏膜中的变化情况。结果：正常口腔黏膜组、单纯增生性白斑组、异常增生性白斑组和OSCC组CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞数量逐渐增高（P〈0.05）,依次为（2.5±0.65）、（5.22±1.19）、（31.4±16.8）和（42.8±12.67）个/每高倍镜视野。重度异常增生白斑组织中,CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞的数量高于轻、中度异常增生白斑组织（P〈0.05）。此外,正常口腔黏膜组、单纯增生性白斑组、异常增生性白斑组和OSCC组中表达IL-17的阳性细胞虽有递增趋势,但差异无统计学意义。CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞和Th17细胞数量改变在口腔白斑和OSCC组织中呈正相关（r=0.318,P〈0.05）。结论：Treg细胞的数量在白斑和OSCC组织中增多,Th17细胞协同Treg细胞,在口腔癌发生发展过程中发挥了一定的作用。     

口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病的免疫组化研究

目的　研究口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病与口腔癌的细胞增殖能力、血管密度和细胞凋亡的变化。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 15例黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病、9例黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病伴上皮异常增生、15例口腔癌及 10例正常黏膜组织中Ki 6 7的表达、细胞凋亡及微血管密度。结果　口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病伴异常增生及鳞状细胞癌中Ki 6 7的表达明显高于不伴异常增生的口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病及正常黏膜 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在所有的口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病及鳞状细胞癌中微血管密度均明显高于正常组 (P <0 0 5 )。口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病中细胞凋亡明显高于正常黏膜及口腔癌 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　在伴有上皮异常增生的口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病中Ki 6 7表达及微血管密度均介于正常组织和口腔癌之间 ,凋亡细胞数也明显多于正常组织。研究结果提示 :口腔黏膜良性淋巴组织增生病是一种具有癌变潜能的疾患     

谷胱苷肽S转移酶在口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌中的表达

目的：对不同增生程度的口腔白斑和鳞癌中ＧＳＴ－π的表达进行研究。方法：用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法,对单纯增生,轻、中度异常增生,重度异常增生和口腔鳞癌患者的组织病理切片,进行免疫组化染色。结果：口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌组织中均有ＧＳＴ－π表达,且随着白斑异常增生程度增高,其表达逐渐增高,其表达程度与白斑异常增生程度有关,在鳞癌组织中表达最高。结论：ＧＳＴ－π可作为口腔白斑和口腔癌的标志物,可对口腔白斑和口腔癌的     

COX-2、VEGF在口腔扁平苔藓、口腔白斑及口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的研究环氧合酶(COX)-2、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)、口腔白斑(OLK)及口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)组织中的表达及分布,探讨其在OLP、OLK癌变机制中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测33例OLP患者(单纯扁平苔藓19例,伴异常增生14例)、35例OLK患者(单纯增生14例、伴异常增生21例)、31例OSCC患者及10例正常对照者口腔黏膜组织(NOM)中COX-2、VEGF的分布和表达。应用统计分析软件SPSS 13.0对结果进行统计分析。结果COX-2、VEGF在正常口腔黏膜组织无表达或低表达;在单纯扁平苔藓组均为26.32%过表达;在扁平苔藓异常增生组分别为71.43%、64.29%过表达;在白斑单纯增生组过表达情况均为21.42%;在白斑异常增生组分别为80.95%、71.43%过表达;在口腔鳞状细胞癌组分别为93.55%、90.32%过表达;COX-2、VEGF在扁平苔藓异常增生组的表达明显高于单纯扁平苔藓组(P<0.05),低于OSCC组(P<0.05),与白斑异常增生组无明显差异(P>0.05)。COX-2的表达与VEGF表达呈明显正相关(r=0.595,P<0.01)。结论COX-2、VEGF在NOM、OLP及OLK伴异常增生、OSCC的表达逐渐增高,表明COX-2及VEGF与OLP、OLK的异常增生及癌变有关。     

Caspase-3在口腔粘膜癌前病变及鳞状细胞癌中的表达研究

目的：初步探讨Caspase-3在口腔正常粘膜、上皮单纯性增生、上皮异常增生和鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及意义。方法：采用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测正常口腔粘膜（10例），上皮单纯性增生（8例），上皮异常增生（20例）,鳞状细胞癌（32例）中Caspase-3的表达。结果：各阶段均有Caspase-3的表达，但表达强度不同。Caspase-3在正常口腔粘膜组织中弱表达于基底细胞至基底上细胞或表层细胞浆或／和胞核。上皮异常增生中随异常增生程度的增高Caspase-3表达增强。鳞状细胞癌组中Caspase-3表达明显低于正常组（P＜0．05）和上皮异常增生组（P＜0．01），且Caspase-3在高分化鳞状细胞癌中表达明显高于低分化鳞状细胞癌组（P＜0．05）。结论：Caspase-3表达水平代偿性高是口腔癌前病损发生发展中的早期事件。Caspase-3在鳞状细胞癌中表达下降，促进肿瘤细胞异常增殖的同时，进一步抑制细胞凋亡，导致鳞状细胞癌最终的发生和发展。     

口腔黏膜癌变过程中Fas与FasL表达的相互关系

目的　初步探讨Fas和Fas L蛋白在口腔黏膜癌前损害发生发展过程中的作用及变化规律。方法　分别选出正常口腔黏膜、上皮单纯增生、上皮轻度异常增生、上皮中度异常增生、上皮重度异常增生与原位癌、鳞状细胞癌标本,共64例,采用免疫组织化学染色技术---酶标链亲和素生物素法(LsAB)染色并进行光镜下观察。结果　多数口腔鳞癌显示Fas表达的下调和Fas L表达的上调,同样的结果见于口腔癌前损害黏膜组织。结论　Fas 和Fas L的表达参与了口腔癌变过程,且可能是癌细胞逃避宿主免疫攻击的机制。Fas/Fas L系统有望成为判定口腔癌前损害预后的生物标志。     

口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌端粒酶活性与PCNA表达的关系

目的 :探索口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌端粒酶活性与增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达的关系。方法 :应用TRAP PCR ELISA方法及免疫组化SP法对 68例口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌组织、3 4例癌旁上皮组织和 12例正常口腔黏膜组织进行检测。结果 :口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌组织中端粒酶表达阳性率为 67.65 % ( 4 6/ 68) ;癌旁组织中端粒酶表达率为 8.82 % ( 3 / 3 4) ;正常口腔黏膜组织中无端粒酶活性表达。口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌组织端粒酶活性表达与临床病理分级有关 ;端粒酶活性阳性的 46例癌组织和 3例癌旁上皮异常增生组中PCNA阳性细胞密度为 ( 165 .3 1± 1.82 )个 /mm2 ,端粒酶阴性的 2 2例癌组织和 10例癌旁上皮异常增生组中PCNA阳性细胞密度为 ( 96.77± 1.74)个 /mm2 。端粒酶活性阳性组与阴性组之间PCNA阳性细胞密度差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :端粒酶活性与口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌发生、发展密切相关 ;端粒酶活性与PCNA阳性表达有关     

口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌、上皮异常增生及正常黏膜组织拉曼光谱研究

目的 研究口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌、上皮重度异常增生及正常黏膜组织的拉曼光谱特征,以期为拉曼光谱诊断口腔黏膜癌变提供依据.方法 收集手术切除的新鲜口腔黏膜鳞状细胞癌组织56例,重度上皮异常增生组织50例及正常黏膜组织32例,采用配备光纤探头的便携式拉曼光谱仪获取拉曼光谱.应用主成分分析法(principle component analysis,PCA)结合判别函数分析(discriminant function analysis,DFA)对不同组织的光谱数据进行分析,建立诊断模型对口腔鳞状细胞癌、上皮重度异常增生及正常黏膜的光谱数据进行鉴别,应用交互验证方法对诊断模型进行验证.结果 口腔鳞状细胞癌、上皮重度异常增生及正常黏膜组织间的拉曼光谱存在差异,主要表现为口腔鳞状细胞癌和上皮重度异常增生组织光谱中对应核酸、蛋白质及脂类物质的谱峰明显高于正常黏膜上皮组织;鉴别诊断建模的总体分类准确率达96.4％(133/138),交互验证的分类准确率达92.8％(128/138).结论 口腔鳞状细胞癌和上皮重度异常增生组织中细胞增殖代谢明显高于正常黏膜组织;应用PCA-DFA建立的分类诊断模型可以很好地区分3种不同组织的光谱数据.     

新辅助化疗对口腔鳞状细胞癌Survivin表达影响及意义

目的研究新辅助化疗对口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中Survivn蛋白表达的影响。方法选择18例活检病理确诊为口腔鳞癌的临床病例,予DFP方案行术前新辅助化疗2个疗程,分别取新辅助化疗前、后肿瘤组织,另取唇裂修补术中切除的多余的唇组织为口腔正常组织对照组10例,共3组,进行免疫组化染色检测Survivin表达。结果正常口腔组织、新辅助化疗前、后肿瘤组织Survivin阳性细胞表达率分别为(14.50±1.96)%、(57.78±3.39)%、(45.72±2.32)%,组间比较F=814.37,P<0.05。Survivin平均吸光度值为12.75±1.13、77.90±12.64、47.17±15.08,组间比较F=90.98,P<0.05。结论 Survivin在DFP方案新辅助化疗后表达显著降低。     

Expression of p16 in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

Background:  Expression of p16 has been proposed as a marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to evaluate p16 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia.
Methods:  Expression of p16 was investigated in 56 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa. Expression of p16 was identified by immunohistochemistry, using the CINtecTM p16INK4a Histology Kit. Both nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining of the keratinocytes were considered to be positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated.
Results:  Expression of p16 was detected in 3/16 (18.75%) cases of OSCC, in 4/15 (26.7%) cases of OL without dysplasia, and in none of OL with dysplasia and normal mucosa. No significant differences in p16 expression prevalence were found among OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal mucosa. The percentages of positive cells in OSCC and OL without dysplasia were 0.89 and 0.17, respectively. No significant difference in the percentage of positive keratinocytes was found.
Conclusion:  As a marker, p16 is not reliable for oral mucosal dysplasia and malignant transformation.     

Alteration in the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 proteins in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 : 793–799 Background: Cdk4 and cdk6, key players in G1 phase, have been shown to play an important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study investigated the expression of these two proteins in OSCC and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia and determined if alterations in the expression of these two proteins could be used as markers of malignant transformation. Methods: Expressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were evaluated in 61 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal oral mucosa using immunohistochemistry method. Nuclear staining of the keratinocytes was considered positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated. Results: Expression of cdk4 was found in 11/15 (73.33%) OSCC, 13/14 (92.85%) OL with dysplasia, 13/20 (65%) OL without dysplasia and 3/12 (25%) normal mucosa. Expression of cdk6 was detected in 9/15 (60%) OSCC, 3/14 (21.43%) OL with dysplasia, 5/20 (25%) OL without dysplasia and 1/12 (8.33%) normal mucosa. In cdk4 stained specimens, the frequency of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa was significantly lower than OL with dysplasia and OSCC. For cdk6 staining, the prevalence of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa were significantly lower than OSCC. Conclusions: Overexpressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were observed in OSCC, indicating that these two proteins play a crucial role in OSCC. The aberrant expression of cdk4 was found in OL with dysplasia, suggesting that cdk4 may be involved in the early event of carcinogenesis.     

口腔鳞状细胞癌的DNA定量分析及临床意义

目的：运用ICM-DNA定量分析系统研究口腔鳞状细胞癌的DI值及倍体分布情况,评估其与口腔鳞状细胞癌的临床病理因素的关系。 方法：收集口腔鳞癌石蜡标本79例作为实验组,25例口腔正常黏膜组织和30例口腔黏膜异常增生作为对照组,经Feulgen染色后分组进行ICM-DNA定量分析。 结果：实验组79例口腔鳞状细胞癌中异倍体出现率为55.7%（44/79）,均明显高于对照组正常组织的 0.0%（0/25）和口腔黏膜异常增生的46.7%(14/30),P=0.000;口腔黏膜异常增生组轻、中、重度三组间比较,异倍体出现率分别为0%（0/2）、14.3%（1/7）、61.9%（13/21）,P=0.036;口腔鳞癌组高及中低分化组间比较,高分化组异倍体出现率42.5%（20/47）低于中低分化组为75 % (24/32),P=0.004;有淋巴结转移的有78.6%出现异倍体（22/28）,高于无淋巴结转移的43.1%(22/51),P=0.002,但异倍体出现率与年龄（P=0.193）、性别（P=0.232）、吸烟与否（P=0.151）及病变部位（P=0.915）等因素无关。 结论：口腔鳞状细胞癌中DNA异倍体出现率均高于正常组织和黏膜异常增生,并可能与分化程度及有无淋巴结转移有关。ICM-DNA定量分析对于口腔鳞癌的诊断以及恶性程度的判断提供有价值的临床指标,有望用于口腔鳞癌的辅助性临床预测及诊断。     

血管内皮生长因子在口腔扁平苔藓及鳞癌组织中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子在口腔扁平苔藓癌变及发病机制中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法,检测10例正常口腔黏膜、25例口腔扁平苔藓、11例口腔扁平苔藓伴不典型增生及14例口腔鳞癌,上皮组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达水平。结果血管内皮生长因子在24例口腔扁平苔藓标本中阳性表达2例,阴性表达22例,阳性表达率明显低于其它3组（P〈0.05）。扁平苔藓伴不典型增生及口腔鳞癌中血管内皮生长因子的阳性表达率均高于正常黏膜（P〈0.05）。结论血管内皮生长因子的表达异常可能在口腔扁平苔藓的发生发展及癌变的过程中起作用。     

Stromal myofibroblasts in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the main potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral mucosa. Stromal myofibroblasts play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, due to its ability to modify the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of stromal myofibroblasts in OL and OSCC. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among OL with distinct grades of epithelial dysplasia as well as between histologically high- and low-invasive OSCC were also assessed. Study Design: A total of 30 OL and 41 OSCC from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were evaluated. 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were used as a control. Myofibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical detection of alpha smooth muscle actin and its presence was classified as negative, scanty or abundant. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among OL with distinct grades of epithelial dysplasia as well as between high- and low-invasive OSCC were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Myofibroblasts were not detected in normal oral mucosa and OL, whatever its histological grade. In OSCC, the presence of stromal myofibroblasts was classified as negative in 11 (26.8%), scanty in 15 (36.6%), and abundant in 15 samples (36.6%). The presence of stromal myofibroblasts was statistically higher in high-invasive OSCC than in low-invasive OSCC (p<0.05). Conclusions: Stromal myofibroblasts were not detected in OL, indicating that these cells are not important during oral carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, stromal myofibroblasts were heterogeneously detected in OSCC and its presence was higher in tumors with a more diffuse histological pattern of invasion. These findings suggest that myofibroblasts are associated with the creation of a permissive environment for tumor invasion in OSCC. Key words:Leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, myofibroblast.     

表皮生长因子受体在口腔扁平苔藓组织中的表达

目的探讨口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)癌变及发病机制。方法采用免疫组化法检测10例正常口腔黏膜,16例扁平苔藓,10例扁平苔藓伴不典型增生,14例口腔鳞癌上皮组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达水平。结果OLP伴不典型增生组织中EGFR的表达高于正常黏膜(P<0.05)。口腔鳞癌中EGFR的表达高于正常黏膜及OLP(P<0.01)。结论EGFR的过表达在OLP的发生、发展过程中可能起着重要的作用。     

Stromal myofibroblasts in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the main potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral mucosa. Stromal myofibroblasts play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, due to its ability to modify the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of stromal myofibroblasts in OL and OSCC. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among OL with distinct grades of epithelial dysplasia as well as between histologically high- and low-invasive OSCC were also assessed. Study Design: A total of 30 OL and 41 OSCC from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were evaluated. 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were used as a control. Myofibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical detection of alpha smooth muscle actin and its presence was classified as negative, scanty or abundant. Differences in the presence of myofibroblasts among OL with distinct grades of epithelial dysplasia as well as between high- and low-invasive OSCC were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Myofibroblasts were not detected in normal oral mucosa and OL, whatever its histological grade. In OSCC, the presence of stromal myofibroblasts was classified as negative in 11 (26.8%), scanty in 15 (36.6%), and abundant in 15 samples (36.6%). The presence of stromal myofibroblasts was statistically higher in high-invasive OSCC than in low-invasive OSCC (p<0.05). Conclusions: Stromal myofibroblasts were not detected in OL, indicating that these cells are not important during oral carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, stromal myofibroblasts were heterogeneously detected in OSCC and its presence was higher in tumors with a more diffuse histological pattern of invasion. These findings suggest that myofibroblasts are associated with the creation of a permissive environment for tumor invasion in OSCC.     

iNOS在口腔扁平苔藓癌变过程中的表达研究

目的 :研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)在口腔扁平苔藓、口腔鳞状细胞癌发展过程中的表达水平及其作用。方法 :以正常口腔黏膜作对照 ,采用免疫组化SP法检测 2 5例口腔扁平苔藓和 10例口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的iNOS表达。结果 :正常口腔黏膜iNOS阴性表达 ;扁平苔藓组和鳞癌组iNOS表达较正常黏膜组均非常显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;扁平苔藓组与鳞癌组之间以及扁平苔藓组内部按上皮异常增生程度分组之间iNOS的表达均无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :iNOS在口腔扁平苔藓伴上皮异常增生和鳞癌中高表达 ,在口腔鳞癌的发生发展中起着重要的作用。