囊性肾癌的诊治(附13例报告)

目的探讨囊性肾癌影像学特点及临床诊断.方法回顾我院1991～2001年经手术证实的13例囊性肾癌,分析其影像学特点、术中所见、术后病理.结果本组4例为多囊性肾癌,9例为单囊性肾癌.术前CT诊断8例,超声诊断肾癌7例.6例术前诊断不明确,行手术探查,病理证实为肾细胞癌.结论囊性肾癌术前诊断有一定难度,影像学检查有较高的诊断价值,但部分病人尚需手术探查.     

囊性肾细胞癌的诊治分析

目的:探讨囊性肾细胞癌的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法,提高囊性肾细胞癌的诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析60例囊性肾细胞癌患者的临床资料及随访结果。结果:44例行根治性肾切除术,15例行肾部分切除术,1例行单纯性肾切除术。术后病理结果:多房囊性肾细胞癌18例,囊性坏死肾细胞癌25例,单房囊性肾细胞癌11例,单纯囊肿恶性变6例。56例获随访,平均随访52个月(6~100个月),1例尿毒症患者术后15个月死于肾衰竭;余患者随访期内均未见局部复发或远处转移。结论:囊性肾细胞癌无特征性临床表现,诊断主要依靠影像学检查,术前诊断困难者可术中快速冰冻病理检查。囊性肾细胞癌预后较好,治疗应争取行保留肾单位手术。     

肾细胞癌的CT影像特点及病理分型

目的结合病理分型分析肾细胞癌的CT影像特点以提高诊断的准确率.方法收集昆明医科大学第二附属医院手术病理证实的36肾细胞癌,术前均做CT检查(平扫、动态增强扫描),回顾性分析CT影像特点并与病理结果对照.结果 25例透明细胞癌,1例颗粒细胞癌,2例多房囊性肾细胞癌,4例乳头状癌,3例嫌色细胞癌,1例集合管癌.新的病理分型将颗粒细胞癌和多房囊性肾细胞癌均归入透明细胞癌,此类型血供丰富,增强扫描后明显强化;而乳头状癌和嫌色细胞癌相血供相对较少,强化程度低于透明细胞癌.结论各型肾细胞癌的CT影像表现的特异性不强,最终分型仍依靠病理,仔细分析肾癌的CT影像特点与病理之间的关系有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.     

多房囊性肾细胞癌的CT和MR表现

目的 分析多房囊性肾细胞癌的CT及MRI的影像学特征,以提高对MCRCC诊断的准确性.方法 回顾性分析16例经手术及病理证实的MCRCC的CT和MR资料,术前行CT动态增强或MR检查.结果 16例多房囊性肾细胞癌均为单侧,呈圆形或类圆形,病灶位于肾皮质,直径2.5 ～ 9.5cm,平均(4.3±1.3)cm.CT或MR扫描显示有完整囊壁,内可见粗细不均分隔,实质性小结节、囊液和钙化.增强后囊壁、囊内分隔、结节有不同程度的强化.结论 CT和MRI能准确地显示病灶的形态学特征,但分隔菲萝者和多房囊性肾瘤鉴别有一定难度.     

多房性囊性肾细胞癌3例临床病理分析

目的:探讨多房性囊性肾细胞癌(MCRCC)临床病理特点、治疗及预后。方法:对3例多房性囊性肾细胞癌进行病理形态分析及免疫形态观察,总结临床治疗方法及预后,并进行文献复习。结果:3例患者均为男性,年龄42～48岁,平均45岁,3例均行根治性肾切除术,随访2～42个月,均无复发转移。肿瘤均有包膜,由大小不等的囊腔组成,囊腔内衬透明细胞,肿瘤细胞核Furhman分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,免疫组化显示广谱细胞角蛋白(+),上皮细胞膜抗原(+),CD68(-)。结论:多房性囊性肾细胞癌有特殊的病理形态,经过积极治疗后预后较好,术前诊断常与囊性肾病难于鉴别,术后病理检查特点是镜下间隔内可见聚集的透明细胞巢。     

囊性肾细胞癌的诊治分析

目的:分析并探讨囊性肾细胞癌的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法,提高囊性肾细胞癌的诊治水平。 方法:回顾性分析60例囊性肾细胞癌患者的临床资料及随访结果。 结果:44例行根治性肾切除术,15例行肾部分切除术,1例行单纯性肾切除术。术后病理结果:多房囊性肾细胞癌18例,囊性坏死肾细胞癌25例,单房囊性肾细胞癌11例,单纯囊肿恶性变6例。56例获随访,平均随访52个月(6~100个月) ,1例尿毒症患者术后15个月死于肾衰竭;余患者随访期内均未见局部复发或远处转移。结论:囊性肾细胞癌无特征性临床表现,诊断主要依靠影像学检查,术前诊断困难者可术中快速冰冻病理检查。囊性肾细胞癌预后较好,治疗应争取行保留肾单位手术。     

囊性肾癌的诊治（附15例报告）

目的探讨囊性肾癌的诊断与治疗。方法回顾我院1998年6月～2008年6月经手术证实的15例囊性肾癌,分析其临床表现、影像特点,临床与治疗。结果13例为多囊性肾癌,2例为单囊性肾癌,术前CT诊断12例,超声波诊断9例,15例患者均行肾癌根治术,其中1例在此之前曾行后腹膜腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术。2例术前诊断不明确,行手术探查,病理证实为肾细胞癌。结论囊性肾癌术前诊断有一定难度,影像学检查有较高的诊断价值,但仍有部分尚需手术探查,采用肾癌根治术或肾部分切除术。是治疗囊性肾癌的理想选择。     

螺旋CT对囊性肾细胞癌诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对于囊性肾细胞癌诊断价值,提高对囊性肾细胞癌的影像学表现的认识.方法分析我院5例经手术病理证实为囊性肾细胞癌,术前均行CT平扫及增强扫描的影像学表现.结果5例患者,均为男性,平均年龄59岁,均为单侧,4例占据部分肾脏,1例累及全肾,并侵及输尿管;其中1例合并输尿上段结石;增强扫描表现为全肾或部分肾脏囊实性病变或囊壁不规则增厚,CT增强检查囊壁及实性成分均示不同程度强化,囊内液体成分无强化.结论囊性肾细胞癌在螺旋CT有较为特征性表现,CT增强扫描对囊性肾细胞癌的定性诊断及术前评估有重要的诊断价值.     

多房性囊性肾细胞癌6例及临床病理分析

目的探讨多房性囊性肾细胞癌（MCRCC）的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断。方法对6例MCRCC进行病理形态及免疫组化观察，总结其临床资料，并进行文献复习。结果6例患者中男性4例，女性2例，年龄31—55岁，平均年龄45．5岁，术后随访6-49月，均无复发或转移。肿瘤均有包膜，完全由大小不等、互不相通的囊腔构成。裳腔内衬透明细胞，囊壁纤维间隔内有透明细胞巢，肿瘤性透明细胞核Fuhrman分级为Ⅰ级，免疫组化示AE1／AE3（＋）、EMA（＋）、CD15（-）、CD68（-）。结论多房性囊性肾细胞癌有独特的病理改变和良好的顸后。术前诊断中常难与其它囊性肾疾病鉴别，术后病理检查的关键特点是肉眼无膨胀性实性结节及镜下间隔内可见聚集的透明细胞巢。     

囊性肾细胞癌的CT诊断与手术病理对比分析

目的探讨囊性肾细胞癌的CT诊断价值。方法15例经手术病理检查证实的囊性肾细胞癌患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析其CT诊断结果。结果CT误诊2例,包括单纯肾肿癌变和多房囊性肾癌各1例。诊断准确率为86．7％。结论CT对于单房囊性。肾癌诊断效果较好,但还是有一定的局限性。对于诊断为非单房囊性肾癌的良性患者,我们建议结合其他诊断方式,进一步确诊。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.