北京市海淀区1985-2010年中小学生肥胖变化趋势分析

目的 了解北京市海淀区1985 -2010年中小学生超重、肥胖及体质量指数(BMI)变化趋势,为儿童青少年肥胖干预政策的制定提供科学依据.方法 使用1985 -2010年中国学生体质与健康调研北京市海淀区资料,根据身高和体重计算BMI,应用中国肥胖工作组(WGOC)“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI分类标准”判定超重和肥胖,比较7 ～18岁学生各年度超重与肥胖检出率,分析各百分位数BMI( P25,P50,P75,P90,P95)变化趋势.结果 1985 -2010年7～18岁男生肥胖率分别为1.0％,4.0％,6.5％,15.2％,女生分别为0.5％,2.1％,2.8％,5.2％.各年龄组男、女生超重、肥胖率以及各百分位数BMI值均随年度不断上升(P值均＜0.01).1985 -2010年各百分位数BMI增长表现为男生增速高于女生,较高百分位BMI值增速高于较低百分位BMI值,各年龄组高百分位BMI值全面大幅上升.2000-2010年以来10～15岁男、女生BMI增速明显.结论 北京市海淀区1985 -2010年学生超重、肥胖检出率以及BMI水平持续增长,10～15岁学生是下一步肥胖防控的重点对象.     

藏族儿童青少年超重与肥胖现况分析

目的了解西藏藏族儿童青少年超重、肥胖及人体质量指数值分布情况，为促进学生营养健康提供依据。方法选取西藏拉萨市和那曲牧区藏族7～18岁中小学生共2538名为研究对象，以国际生命科学会中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）颁布的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数值分类标准”，对藏族学生的超重、肥胖情况进行筛查，并与全国汉族学生进行比较。结果与WG0C标准相比，藏族学生各年龄段BMI值的P85和P95值均相对较低；与全国汉族学生相比，拉萨市男、女生BMI值均偏低（尤以男生为明显）．那曲牧区男生略低，而女生相差不大。与全国汉族学生相比，拉萨市男生超重、肥胖检出率明显偏低，女生肥胖检出率偏低，但超重检出率在不同年龄组互有高低；那曲牧区男生超重、肥胖检出率相对较低，而女生相对较高。结论藏族男生超重与肥胖尚未形成流行趋势，而女生基本接近全国水平，整体营养水平相对落后，但仍应警惕肥胖趋势。     

上海市0～18岁体质指数百分位曲线及超重肥胖界值点标准的研制

【目的】建立上海市0～18岁体质指数(body mass index，BMI)百分位及超重肥胖界值点。【方法】①采用分层整群随机抽样方法，收集上海市区0～19岁儿童96104人(男48790，女47314)的性别、出生年月及1999～2002年身高和体重测量资料；②应用偏度-中位数-变异系数法(λ-median-coefficient of variation method，LMS法)建立上海市0～18岁儿童BMI百分位；③根据国际肥胖工作小组(IOTF)和中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)建议，建立在18岁时通过25和30及24和28kg／m^2的百分位曲线，分别作为2～18岁各年龄段超重和肥胖界值点标准。【结果】应用LMS方法获得了0～18岁男女童体质指数百分位曲线，它随年龄有大幅度的变化。出生时男女BMI中位数分别为13．7和13．4kg／m^2，以后迅速上升，至6个月时出现一个高峰，之后持续下降，男童在5．5岁为15．7kg／m^2，女童在6岁为15．4kg／m^2，之后重新上升，至18岁时分别达21．3和20．2kg／m^2。18岁时通过25及30kg／m^2的百分位曲线男为P82．0和P96.5女为P93.0和P99.2；通过24及28kg／m^2的百分位曲线男为P75.3和P93.3，女为P89.1和P98.2。这些特殊的百分位曲线分别提供了2～18岁不同年龄及性别超重和肥胖的界值点标准。【结论】按IOTF及WGOC建议，首次建立了上海市2～18岁BMI超重和肥胖两套界值点标准。     

上海市2000-2014年中小学生体质量指数变化趋势

了解2000-2014年上海市学龄儿童青少年体质量指数(BMI)的变化趋势,为儿童青少年超重、肥胖判别标准研制及预防干预提供参考.方法 选取2000,2005,2010,2014年4次全国学生体质与健康调研中7~18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象.应用最小均方(Least Mean Square,LMS)法探讨不同性别、年龄组儿童青少年BMI的变化趋势.结果 14年间学生BMI P85低年龄组差异比较小,随年龄增加差异逐渐增大,青春期后有减小的趋势,男生平均增加2.1百分点,女生平均增加1.3百分点.学生BMI增长主要集中在中等和高百分位数,尤其是P90后,差值逐渐增大.7~11,12~15岁男生在P5o后差值均逐渐增大,P95分别达2.0,3.2百分点,其中12岁男生从23.4 kg/m2增加到26.8 kg/m2,14岁女生从24.0 kg/m2增加到25.9 kg/m2.与WGOC标准相比,2014年男生BMI P85,P95均较高,而女生BMI P85 10岁之前高于WGOC标准,从11岁开始与WGOC标准基本相一致.2014年上海市7~18岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖检出率分别为15.4%,9.1%,较2000年总体均呈上升趋势,分别上升6.4,5.2百分点.结论 BMI分布高百分位的个体比低百分位个体的变化更大.在肥胖防治工作中,加强对群体BMI曲线的监测分析,对适时调整宏观调控战略意义重大.     

云南多民族中小学生体格发育指标参考范围

制作云南多民族围青春期学生身高、体重、体质量指数的百分位标准曲线和百分位数界值点,为建立各指标参考值范围提供依据.方法 分析2014年全国学生体质与健康调研云南7个民族7 ~18岁学生的调研数据,采用LMS法拟合百分位标准曲线,以百分位数界值点为标准,进行学生体格发育水平比较及营养健康状况评价.结果 采用LMS法拟合百分位曲线效果良好,云南省7个民族学生体格发育水平存在明显差异,白族男、女生18岁年龄组身高水平最高(P50分别为172.14,159.17 cm),佤族男、女生18岁年龄组身高水平最低(P50分别为163.21,151.82 cm),2个民族男、女生18岁年龄组身高水平分别相差8.93 cm与7.35 cm.利用所建立的参考值标准筛查7个民族学生生长迟缓总检出率为2.01%,超重、肥胖总检出率分别为8.51%和4.32%,其中傣族学生生长迟缓检出率最高,为2.40%;汉族学生超重与肥胖检出率最高,分别为9.14%,4.99%.结论 基于本地区学生体质调研数据所建立的评价标准,较客观地反映了云南省围青春期青少年体格发育水平,可为评价云南省青少年生长发育与营养健康状况提供区域性的参考标准.     

陕西省儿童青少年超重与肥胖的体质指数年龄别正常值

目的：建立儿童青少年超重与肥胖的体质指数（body mass index,BMI）年龄别正常值。方法：采用LMS法似合0－18岁儿童BMI指数百分位数，以18岁时BMI指数达到成人超重与和肥胖判断值（25、30kg/m^2）时的百分位数值作为儿童青少年超重与肥胖的正常值。结果：给出了儿童青少年肥胖和超重的BMI指数年龄别正常值，与国际建议 值和其它地区的正常值所在百分位数相比，陕西省的正常值较小，提示陕西省儿童青少年的体形偏消瘦，儿童青少年的营养状况与发达国家和地区存在差距。结论：本提供的儿童青少年超重与肥胖的BMI指数年龄别正常值，可用于陕西省儿童青少年超重和肥胖评价。     

2010年贵阳市中小学生营养状况评价

目的利用现行最新评价标准评价贵阳市中小学生营养状况,便于更好地开展学生保健工作。方法2010年9～11月按照中国肥胖工作组（WGOC）推荐的《中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖BMI筛查标准》及《6～18岁中国儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》对贵阳市6012名7～18岁汉族中小学生的现时营养状况进行分析。结果贵阳市中小学生总的营养不良率为19．03％,超重率为8．65％,肥胖率为4．61％。营养不良率男生高于女生（P〈0．05）,16～18岁学生显著高于7～12、13～15岁学生（P〈0．01）,城乡学生无明显差异。营养过剩率男生显著高于女生,城市学生显著高于乡村学生,小学生显著高于高中生（P〈0．01）,小学生与初中生无明显差异。结论贵阳市中小学生营养不良与营养过剩同时并存,应根据年龄、性别、城乡等特点进行营养干预。     

贵州省2010年不同民族中小学生营养状况分析

了解贵州省不同民族中小学生营养状况,为开展学校卫生工作提供参考.方法 按照中国肥胖工作组(WGOC)推荐的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖BMI筛查标准”及“6~18岁中国儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准”,对贵州省2010年20 412名7~18岁汉族、苗族、侗族、布依族、水族中小学生的现时营养状况进行分析.结果 贵州省中小学生总的营养不良率为33.69%,超重率为5.21%,肥胖率为2.33%.营养不良率男生高于女生(x2=18.87,P<0.01),少数民族学生高于汉族学生(x2=1 105.54,P<0.01),不同年龄间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.48,P>0.05).营养过剩率男生高于女生,汉族学生高于少数民族学生,小学生高于中学生(P值均<0.01).结论 贵州省不同民族中小学生营养不良与超重肥胖同时并存,应根据民族、年龄、性别、城乡等特点进行营养干预.     

西安市城区2009年7~18岁儿童、青少年超重和肥胖流行病学调查

【目的】 了解西安市城区儿童、青少年超重和肥胖的发病情况。 【方法】 随机整群抽取西安市城区7~18岁中小学生13 994人,采用体质指数(body mass index,BMI)诊断超重和肥胖。采用三次样条对西安市7~18岁儿童青少年体重、身高和BMI百分位数进行拟合,将身高,体重P₅₀,及BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅百分位数值与2005年中国全国标准进行比较。 【结果】 西安市城区7~18岁中小学生超重总发病率为10.42%,男生和女生分别为11.85%和8.83%;肥胖总发病率为4.67%,男生和女生分别为4.92%和4.40%。男生身高P₅₀值在10~15岁(除12岁)比全国标准稍低,男女体重和女生身高P₅₀中位数与全国数值基本接近;男生BMI的P₈₅、P₉₅数值与2005年全国水平基本接近;女生P₈₅和P₉₅值在14岁以前与全国水平基本接近,15岁后有所减低。 【结论】 西安市中小学肥胖发病率在17年间增加了一倍,制定预防儿童超重和肥胖的有效措施势在必行。     

杭州市7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数标准研究

目的研究杭州市7～18岁儿童青少年体质指数（BMI）分布、超重和肥胖的检出率。方法抽取21536名杭州城区17所小学和12所中学学生作为研究对象,以国际生命科学会中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）颁布的“中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖体质指数筛查分类标准”作为参考标准,对学龄儿童青少年进行体质指数研究。结果杭州市男性学龄儿童青少年超重（P85）和肥胖（P95）普遍要高于WGOC标准;女性学龄儿童青少年超重（％）7—10岁组要稍高于WGOC标准,大于10岁各年龄组的超重BMI值都要低于WGOC标准;而肥胖（P醅）各年龄组的值均低于WGOC标准。各年龄组超重与肥胖检出率男生平均高达23．5％和10．0％,女生也有14．0％和4．9％。结论杭州市学龄儿童青少年超重和肥胖的流行水平较高,尤其是男性学龄青少年,应尽快将超重和肥胖的防治列入学校卫生工作的重点,开展适宜的健康教育,引导学生和家长建立正确的生活习惯和健康观念。     

Percent body fat cutoff values for classifying overweight and obesity recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) in Korean children

OBJECTIVE: To predict the percent body fat (%BF) cutoff values corresponding to overweight and obesity recommended by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) in Korean children and to compare those values with the published cutoff values in Caucasian children. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The sample consisted of 1083 Korean children and adolescents (555 boys and 528 girls) aged 7-18 years from 3 schools. Body mass index (BMI) and %BF using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer were measured. The classification of overweight and obesity was based on the age- and sex-specific BMI cutoff values of the IOTF guidelines. RESULTS: The predicted %BF cutoff values for overweight and obesity varied by age and sex: overweight, 17-22% in boys and 24-37% in girls; obesity, 24-30% in boys and 30-53% in girls. Those %BF cutoff values in older Korean boys tended to be lower than the published %BF cutoff values in Caucasian boys. While %BF cutoff values for overweight in Korean girls were similar to the values in Caucasian girls, %BF cutoff values for obesity in Korean girls aged 13-18 years were higher compared to cutoff values in Caucasian girls. CONCLUSION: The %BF values associated with the IOTF-recommended BMI cutoff values for overweight and obesity may require age- and sex-specific cutoff values in Korean children aged 7-18 years.     

徐州市0~7岁儿童身高、体重与体质指数研究

目的:对比世界通用的一些标准,建立徐州市0~7岁儿童年龄别身高(HFA)、年龄别体重(WFA)及年龄别体质指数(BM I)百分位标准及体质指数超重和肥胖界值点。方法:①采用分层整群随机抽样法,收集徐州市0~7岁儿童11 747例的性别、出生年月及2002~2004年身高和体重测量资料。②应用LMS方法建立徐州市0~7岁儿童HFA、WFA和BM I百分位曲线。结果:①运用LMS软件,分别获得0~7岁男女童HFA、WFA和BM I百分位曲线各9条,为P3、P5、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P95和P97。②徐州市男女童的身高随年龄不断增加,男童到6岁以后逐渐减缓,女童5岁后逐渐减缓。徐州市男女童的身高在7岁之前均大于WHO标准。③徐州市男女童的体重随年龄不断增加,到6岁以后均逐渐减缓。徐州市男女童体重7岁之前均高于WHO标准。④根据国际肥胖工作小组制定的7岁男女儿童肥胖和超重界值点,徐州市男女童7岁时通过该界值点的BM I百分位分别为:男童第72.6和第92.6,女童第82.1和第96.5。7岁男女童的超重流行率分别为27.4%和17.9%,肥胖流行率分别为7.4%和3.5%,在性别上存在差异。结论:应用LMS软件,获得了徐州市0~7岁儿童身高、体重和BM I百分位参考值。     

Probability of adult overweight and risk change during the BMI rebound period

OBJECTIVE: To develop a probability chart of adult overweight based on childhood body mass index (BMI) values and to evaluate the BMI change during the BMI rebound period during childhood, in different populations, with the use of risk function curves. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A longitudinal growth study of 3650 full-term healthy Swedish children followed from birth to 18 years of age. Weight and height values of our subjects were obtained. RESULTS: A probability chart for reaching a BMI > 23 kg/m(2) at 18 years of age was constructed for boys and girls. For example, a BMI of 18 kg/m(2) at 4 years of age is associated with 0.70 probability of attaining a BMI > 23 kg/m(2) at 18 years of age in boys; a BMI of 16 kg/m(2) at 4 years of age leads to 0.40 probability of having a BMI > 23 kg/m(2) at 18 years of age in girls. Children with an obvious BMI rebound before 8 years of age have a high risk of being overweight at 18 years of age. There is a clear trend of BMI increase from the 1970s to the 1990s in U.S. children from a parallel dataset, and Hispanic children are at the highest risk of adult overweight. DISCUSSION: The probability chart for adult overweight developed here provides a functional method of defining childhood obesity that is based on the risk of long-term ill health rather than on a certain statistical cut-off point. It will help pediatricians or healthcare workers identify those children who are at a high risk of becoming overweight in adulthood, which will allow clinical intervention at younger ages.     

成都市7～17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖BMI参考值研究

目的制定成都市7 ～17岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖的BMI界值。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取成都市7 ～17岁儿童青少年6 396人,测量生长发育指标,作为建立BMI界值的数据库;以身高标准体重法为参照标准,绘制成ROC曲线,从中确立最佳界值点。结果运用ROC曲线法对成都市7 ～17岁男女童超重、肥胖的BMI界值点分析, 7 ～17岁男童超重最佳界值点的灵敏度在91% ～100%之间,平均97.5%,特异度在86% ～100%之间,平均94.7%;男童肥胖最佳界值点的灵敏度在90% ～100%之间,平均97.6%,特异度在92% ～100%之间,平均97.0%。7 ～17岁女童超重最佳界值点的灵敏度在94% ～100%之间,平均97.2%,特异度在88% ～100%之间,平均95.8%;女童肥胖最佳界值点的灵敏度各年龄组均为100%,特异度在96% ～100%之间,平均98.7%。结论据ROC曲线法对成都市7 ～17岁男童超重的BMI界值点参考值分别在17.40至22.71之间,肥胖在18.69至25.02之间; 7 ～17岁女童超重的BMI参考值分别在16.77至23.58之间,肥胖在18.48至26.24之间。男女童最佳界值点不同,随年龄增大,界值升高。     

中国2～18岁儿童青少年超重和肥胖筛查体重指数界值点的研究

目的 研究中国2～18岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数(BMI)界值点.方法 在中国0～18岁儿童青少年BMI生长参照值的基础上,根据常用的超重、肥胖筛查界值点选择方法(与成年人界值点接轨法、百分位法或Z分值法),初步分别确定[BMI 24kg/m2 (BMI24)、28 kg/m2(BMI28)]、(P85、P95)和(Z1、Z2)三组界值点,通过对不同界值点进行差值和检出率比较,并与中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)和国际肥胖问题工作组(IOTF)的超重、肥胖界值点做对比分析,最后确定适宜界值点.结果 按照不同的超重、肥胖筛查BMI界值点选择方法获得三组界值点,不同界值点之间存在不同程度差异,但在超重合并肥胖检出率上差异相对较小.与WGOC相比,男章超重、肥胖及女童肥胖界值点非常接近,女童在8.5～15.5岁其超重界值点比WGOC标准低0.3～1.0 kg/m2,通过筛查"2004年北京市儿童代谢综合征调查"数据库,女童超重检出率比WGOC标准高约3.4%.结论 采用与成年人界值点接轨法(BMI24、BMI28)获得的中国2～18岁儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI界值点是适宜的,实现了在使用BMI指标上年龄的连贯性和筛查标准的一致性.     

Obesity and overweight prevalence in Polish 7- to 9-year-old children

OBJECTIVE: Secular trend in childhood obesity is a well-known phenomenon, and it is important to monitor it in cross-sectional studies. The study aim was to estimate prevalence of obesity and overweight in Polish 7- to 9-year-old children and to compare the results with a French study based on the same protocol. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study was conducted in 2001 according to the protocol of the European Childhood Obesity Group. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated to define nutritional status in a randomly selected group of 2916 (1445 girls and 1471 boys) primary school children. Obesity and overweight were estimated according to International Obesity Task Force references with curve for obesity and overweight passing through 30 and 25 kg/m(2) at age 18, respectively. RESULTS: Overweight (including obesity) was found in 15.4% of Polish children (in 15.8% of girls and 15.0% of boys) and obesity in 3.6% (3.7% of girls and 3.6% of boys) compared with 18.1% of overweight and 3.8% of obese children in French study. There was no significant difference in nutrition status between Polish and French children except for higher frequency of overweight in French 9-year-old boys. The same trend of decreasing overweight through age classes was observed in both populations. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of obesity and overweight (including obesity) in prepubertal children estimated in two European countries according to the same protocol and using the same references showed little differences between the two populations despite higher prevalence of obesity in Polish than French adults.     

Mexican anthropometric percentiles for ages 10-18

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate Mexican growth charts based on international methodology. DESIGN: Data were obtained from the Mexican National Health Survey. The survey was stratified and probabilistic representative of all the country. SETTING: Nationwide open population living in urban and rural areas. SUBJECTS: Boys (8545) and girls (9983) from 10 to 18 years participating in the survey. METHODS: Age, weight and height were recorded. Empirical percentiles were calculated and smoothed. Smoothed curves were approximated using least-mean square estimation. RESULTS: Tables and figures for percentile values of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) for age, as well as percentile values of weight and BMI for height for both genders are presented. Regarding 50th BMI for age percentiles, Mexicans had higher levels than the Americans in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts; Mexicans were lower but had similar weights than the Americans. Owing to the high BMI, the percentile corresponding to an overweight level (25 kg/m(2)) at 18 years was 74.5 in boys and 72.5 in girls, whereas obesity level (30 kg/m(2)) at 18 years was 97.3 and 97.4 in boys and girls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present growth charts are snapshots of a Mexican population. Because of the high median BMI compared to US and World Health Organization standards, we must be cautious in establishing an upper normal cutoff for clinical normality, not merely selecting the 85th and 95th percentiles as equivalents of overweight and obesity, respectively. Therefore, we proposed percentiles 74.5 in boys and 72.5 in girls as the action points of overweight as they are the percentiles corresponding to BMI 25 kg/m(2) at 18 years. SPONSORSHIP: The survey was supported by the Mexican Minister of Health. Statistical analyses were sponsored by Dr Del-Rio-Navarro.     

Overweight and obesity related to activities in Portuguese children, 7-9 years

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association among the following variables: physical activity, TV, videogames, and obesity. The study included a Portuguese random nationally representative sample of 3365 children (1610 girls and 1755 boys) 7-9 year olds. METHODS: A general questionnaire was completed by the parents of participating children to provide information about the hours spent per week watching television, computer use and electronic games, and the participation in physical education. Overweight and obesity were calculated by using the body mass index (BMI) assessment and the cut-off points for overweight (25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (30 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: The data from the association between BMI and the independent variables (analysis of variance) were only significant for time playing electronic games for boys and girls (P < 0.001; P < 0.029). The association between hours of watching TV and BMI was significant only for boys (P < 0.016). The results from the logistic regression were only significant for electronic games both for boys and girls (P < 0.000; P < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the time spent playing electronic games is associated with obesity. Reducing childhood obesity calls for the reduction in sedentary behaviours, and the promotion of a more active lifestyle.