山楂水提物对大鼠离体胃、肠平滑肌条收缩性的影响研究

目的:研究山楂水提物对大鼠离体胃、肠平滑肌条收缩性的影响。方法:以大鼠离体胃、肠平滑肌条为研究对象,观察在正常克氏液条件下加入山楂水提物后大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条的收缩状况及在乙酰胆碱、阿托品作用下加入山楂水提物后大鼠肠平滑肌条的收缩状况。结果:山楂水提物在5～20mg·mL-1浓度范围内可显著增强大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条的运动,且具有显著剂量依赖性。山楂水提物(20mg·mL-1)可加强乙酰胆碱引起的肠平滑肌的强烈收缩,对抗阿托品引起的肠平滑肌的舒张作用。结论:山楂水提物对大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条的收缩具有显著的刺激作用。     

益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响

目的:研究益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用小鼠在体胃肠运动实验和家兔离体肠肌运动实验,观察益智仁醇提取物对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进运动和家兔离体肠肌收缩的影响。结果:益智仁醇提取物在5、10、20g·kg-1剂量下给药对正常小鼠胃排空有显著抑制作用,对家兔离体肠肌收缩有显著抑制作用,对氯化乙酰胆碱引起的肠肌兴奋有显著拮抗作用。结论:益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动有抑制作用,其作用途径可能与M胆碱受体有关。     

玄归滴丸对胃肠运动的抑制作用研究

目的探究玄归滴丸对不同机能状态小鼠胃肠运动和家兔离体肠管运动的影响,为其治疗平滑肌痉挛引起的腹痛提供实验基础。方法选择小鼠肠推进实验方法,利用新斯的明、阿托品等药物复制小鼠胃肠运动功能障碍模型,测定各组小鼠的胃残留率和小肠推进率;采用家兔离体肠管平滑肌实验,考察并记录给予不同受试药物后家兔离体肠管的肌张力变化。结果玄归滴丸临床等效4倍剂量、8倍剂量使正常小鼠胃残留率升高(P <0.05,P <0.01),小肠推进率降低(P <0.05);与正常对照组比较,新斯的明致小鼠胃肠运动亢进,给予玄归滴丸4倍剂量、8倍剂量组后能够明显地抑制胃肠运动,增加胃残留率(P <0.05,P <0.01),降低小肠推进率(P <0.01);与正常对照组比较,阿托品可致胃肠运动抑制,给予玄归滴丸4倍剂量、8倍剂量组后可以进一步抑制胃肠运动,进一步增加胃残留率(P<0.05,P <0.01),降低小肠推进率(P <0.05,P <0.01);家兔离体肠管平滑肌实验结果也进一步表明,玄归滴丸使家兔离体肠管的肌张力降低。结论玄归滴丸对胃肠运动具有一定的抑制作用,对痉挛性胃肠道疾病具有潜在的治疗效果。     

气滞胃痛颗粒的药效学研究

目的:研究气滞胃痛颗粒对大鼠离体胃、肠平滑肌的影响及其镇痛、抗炎作用。方法:以大鼠的离体胃、肠平滑肌条为模型,考察在正常克氏液条件下加入气滞胃痛颗粒后大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条收缩状况;以醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应为疼痛指标,观察气滞胃痛颗粒的镇痛作用;以小鼠耳二甲苯致炎模型考察气滞胃痛颗粒抗急性炎症作用。结果:气滞胃痛颗粒在20～160mg·mL-1浓度范围内能显著促进大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条的运动,200～280mg·mL-1浓度范围内可抑制大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条的运动。气滞胃痛颗粒在0.975、1.95、3.9g·kg-1剂量下给药可抑制小鼠扭体反应及二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀。结论:气滞胃痛颗粒对大鼠胃、肠平滑肌条的收缩具有双向调节作用,且具有明显镇痛、抗炎作用。     

槲皮素对兔离体肠平滑肌张力的影响及其机制

目的:观察槲皮素对兔离体回肠平滑肌肌张力的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:试验采用经典的离体小肠灌流技术,观察槲皮素(quercetin,Que)对回肠平滑肌自主收缩活动以及乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)、氯化钡及组胺(histamine)所致痉挛性收缩肠平滑肌张力的影响。结果:槲皮素(20,60,100mol.L-1)能剂量依赖性的抑制家兔离体小肠平滑肌自发性收缩,对乙酰胆碱,组胺和氯化钡所致的兔离体肠痉挛性收缩也具有剂量依赖性抑制作用。在无钙台式液中,槲皮素可明显抑制Ach引起的回肠平滑肌收缩(P<0.01),亦能使氯化钙量效曲线下移。槲皮素对Bay K8644(0.5mol.L-1)引起的回肠平滑肌收缩亦有明显抑制作用(P<0.01)。结论:槲皮素明显抑制了家兔离体小肠平滑肌的收缩活动,其机制与抑制外钙内流及内钙释放有关。     

高良姜总黄酮对胃肠运动的影响研究

目的:研究高良姜总黄酮对胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用胃排空法观察高良姜总黄酮对正常小鼠胃排空和溴吡斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进的影响;通过离体实验观察高良姜总黄酮对大鼠胃平滑肌的影响;用小肠推进法观察高良姜总黄酮对小鼠小肠运动的影响。结果:高良姜总黄酮对正常小鼠胃排空无显著影响,而对溴吡斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进有显著拮抗作用(P<0.01或P<0.05);对乙酰胆碱引起的大鼠胃平滑肌痉孪有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);对正常小鼠小肠运动有显著抑制作用,可明显减少推进距离,降低推进率(P<0.05)。结论:高良姜总黄酮能显著抑制胃肠运动。     

骆驼蓬对肠平滑肌的影响

本实验观察了骆驼蓬乙醇浸膏对动物在体、离体肠平滑肌自发性、药物性活动的影响。结果表明,骆驼蓬乙醇浸膏具有明显增强小鼠小肠推进性蠕动作用。对兔离体正常肠平滑肌依给药剂量不同表现小剂量收缩、大剂量舒张的双向调节作用。亦显示出具有能对抗酚妥拉明、氯化钡、毒扁豆碱、乙酰胆碱所引起的离体肠平滑肌收缩反应的作用。     

肠炎冲剂调节胃肠功能及止泻作用的动物实验研究

目的:研究肠炎冲剂对实验动物胃肠功能的影响及其止泻作用。方法:通过肠炎冲剂对大鼠正常小肠以及小鼠推进机能亢进小肠运动的影响,家兔离体十二指肠平滑肌解痉实验和大鼠胃排空实验,研究肠炎冲剂对小鼠、大鼠和家兔胃肠功能的影响。通过番泻叶和蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻实验,研究肠炎冲剂对小鼠的止泻作用。结果:肠炎冲剂能抑制大鼠正常小肠及推进机能亢进小鼠的小肠推进运动,对家兔离体十二指肠平滑肌自发活动及氯化乙酰胆碱所致肠痉挛均有显著抑制作用。胃排空实验中,肠炎冲剂对胃内残留率无明显影响。肠炎冲剂能显著缓解番泻叶诱发的小鼠腹泻。结论:肠炎冲剂具有肠道调节功能,对番泻叶所致腹泻有一定的抑制作用。本研究为肠炎冲剂的临床应用提供了理论依据。     

保济丸对离体兔肠作用的实验研究

目的研究保济丸对离体兔肠的作用。方法通过观察保济丸对正常离体兔肠平滑肌运动及对乙酰胆碱所致离体兔肠平滑肌痉挛的影响来评价保济丸的作用。结果保济丸对正常离体兔肠无明显作用,但明显拮抗乙酰胆碱致离体兔肠的痉挛。结论保济丸具有解痉作用。     

牛磺酸对前列腺素E_2兴奋大鼠胃底平滑肌作用的影响

目的 :观察了牛磺酸对大鼠胃底平滑肌收缩性的影响。方法 :采用离体平滑肌实验技术观察胃底条收缩作用。结果 :牛磺酸能使前列腺素E2 (PGE2 )累加量效曲线明显降低。结论 :牛磺酸能对抗PGE2 兴奋大鼠胃底平滑肌作用     

厚朴丸对小鼠胃肠活动的影响

目的:观察厚朴丸对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进运动的影响.方法:利用胃复安和阿托品造成小鼠胃排空亢进和胃排空抑制模型,利用新斯的明和肾上腺素造成小鼠小肠推进亢进和小肠推进抑制模型,观察厚朴丸对正常、亢进及抑制状态下小鼠胃肠活动的影响.结果:厚朴丸抑制正常小鼠胃排空和胃复安所致小鼠胃排空加快,能加强阿托品所致小鼠胃排空的抑制作用;对正常小鼠小肠推进和新斯的明所致小鼠小肠推进亢进也有抑制作用,但对肾上腺素所致小鼠小肠推进抑制无明显影响.结论:厚朴丸具有抑制正常和亢进状态的小鼠胃排空和小肠推进的作用,与临床用于止泻相符合.     

左金丸对胃肠道的调节作用

目的 研究左金丸在胃肠道调节方面的作用。方法 通过ig给予0.1%甲基橙溶液,计算其胃残留率,观察左金丸对小鼠胃排空的影响;通过ig 5%的炭末,计算炭末推进率,观察左金丸对正常小鼠小肠运动的影响、对新斯的明致小肠运动亢进的拮抗作用;观察左金丸对组胺致豚鼠离体回肠收缩的影响;ig给予大鼠D-木糖溶液,1 h后测定血清木糖值,观察左金丸对大鼠小肠吸收的影响;ig给予小鼠蓖麻油,观察左金丸的止泻作用。以戊己丸（加味左金）和黄连有效成份小檗碱作参比。结果 左金丸对胃肠道有明显的调节作用,延长小鼠的胃排空时间,抑制胃排空;对正常小鼠小肠运动的无明显影响,但能明显拮抗新斯的明所致的小鼠小肠运动亢进;明显抑制组胺引起的豚鼠离体回肠收缩;明显抑制大鼠的小肠吸收功能;明显抑制蓖麻油造成的小鼠腹泻。结论 古方左金丸对胃肠道有明显的调节作用,组方科学、合理。     

舒肝丸对胃肠功能的影响及镇痛作用

目的：研究舒肝丸对小鼠胃肠运动、大鼠胃液分泌的影响及其镇痛作用。方法：采用小鼠胃排空及小肠推进方法观察舒肝丸对胃肠运动的影响；幽门结扎收集胃液观察对胃液分泌的影响；以热板法和扭体法观察其镇痛作用。结果：舒肝丸能抑制正常小鼠胃排空及新斯的明所致的胃排空和肠推进亢进，对阿托品所致的胃排空、肠推进迟缓有协同作用，但不明显：能抑制大鼠胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌，促进胃粘液的分泌；可提高小鼠的热痛阈，减少小鼠的扭体次数。结论：舒肝丸具有抑制胃排空，抑制胃酸、胃蛋白酶分泌，促进胃粘液分泌及镇痛作用。     

Gastrointestinal effect of methanol extract of Radix Aucklandiae and selected active substances on the transit activity of rat isolated intestinal strips

Context: Radix Aucklandiae, the dry rhizome of Aucklandia lappa Decne (Asteraceae), enjoyed traditional popularity for its antidiarrheal effects. Although there are many investigations on its chemical constituents and pharmacologic actions, few studies explaining its activity and mechanism in gastrointestinal disorders are available.

Objective: In this paper, we focused on the effects of the methanol extract of R. Aucklandiae (RA ext) on gastrointestinal tract, so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms involved in the clinical treatment.

Materials and methods: In vivo, in neostigmine-induced mice and normal mice, after intragastric administration, RA ext (100, 200, 300, and 400?mg/kg) was studied on gastrointestinal transit including gastric emptying and small intestinal motility. Meanwhile, in vitro, the effect of it (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4?mg/mL) on the isolated tissue preparations of rat jejunum was also investigated, as well as costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone which were the main constituents.

Results: In vivo, the gastric emptying increased and intestinal transit decreased after the administration of RA ext in normal mice. However, RA ext inhibited the gastric emptying and the intestinal transit throughout the concentrations in neostigmine-induced mice. In vitro, RA ext caused inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of rat-isolated jejunum in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 0.1 to 0.4?mg/mL, and it also relaxed the acetylcholine chloride (Ach, 10^?5?M), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 200?μM)-induced, and K⁺ (60?mM)-induced contractions. RA ext shifted the Ca²⁺ concentration–response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.025?mM). The Ca²⁺ concentration–response curves were shifted by costunolide (CO) (5.4, 8.1, and 10.8?μg/mL), dehydrocostuslactone (DE) (4.6, 6.9, and 9.2?μg/mL), costunolide–dehydrocostuslactone (CO–DE) (5.4–4.6, 8.1–6.9, and 10.8–9.2?μg/mL) to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.01?mM).

Discussion and conclusion: These results indicate that RA ext played a spasmolytic role in gastrointestinal motility, which is probably mediated through the inhibition of muscarinic receptors, 5-HT receptors, and calcium influx. The presence of cholinergic and calcium antagonist constituents may be the compatibility of CO and DE. All these results provide a pharmacological basis for its clinical use in the gastrointestinal tract.     

吴茱萸次碱对胃肠道运动影响的实验研究

目的：研究吴茱萸次碱对胃肠道运动的影响，并就其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法：考察吴茱萸次碱对正常小鼠肠道推进的影响，并分别以新斯的明、胃复安或利血平制作了小鼠胃肠道运动亢进的模型，观察了吴茱萸次碱的拮抗作用；豚鼠离体肠管在乙酰胆碱或组胺的刺激下发生收缩，在此基础上，了解吴茱萸次碱的抑制作用。结果：吴茱萸次碱抑制正常小鼠小肠推进和新斯的明所致的小肠运动亢进，但对后者的作用更为明显；对甲氧氯普胺和利血平所致的胃排空亢进表现出显著的抑制作用，同时有效地对抗了乙酰胆碱或组胺对豚鼠离体肠管的收缩作用。结论：吴茱萸次碱能抑制小鼠胃肠运动功能，可能与其对抗胆碱能神经对胃肠道运动的支配有关。     

Low Dose Lipid Formulations: Effects on Gastric Emptying and Biliary Secretion

Purpose Food stimulates changes to gastrointestinal secretion and motility patterns, however, the effect of smaller quantities of lipid, such as that contained in a lipid-based drug formulation, has not been detailed. This study aimed to examine the effects of small quantities of lipid on gastric emptying and biliary secretion. Methods The influence of oral administration of three lipid-based formulations and a negative control formulation on gastric emptying and biliary secretion was evaluated in 16 healthy male subjects using gamma scintigraphy, ultrasonography and duodenal aspiration. Results Low quantities (2 g) of long chain lipid stimulated gall bladder contraction and elevated intestinal bile salt, phospholipid and cholesterol levels. Changes in gastric emptying were also evident, although these did not reach statistical significance. Administration of a similar quantity of medium chain lipid, however, had little effect on gastric emptying and gallbladder contraction and did not stimulate appreciable increases in intestinal concentrations of biliary-derived lipids. Conclusions The quantities of long chain lipid that might be administered in a pharmaceutical formulation stimulate gallbladder contraction and elevate intestinal levels of bile salt and phospholipid. This effect is a likely contributor to the ability of lipid based formulations to enhance the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.     

藿香正气制剂中厚朴不同提取工艺对胃肠活动的影响研究

目的:探讨60%、70%、95%乙醇三种不同溶媒热回流提取的厚朴提取液对缓解小鼠便秘、促进大鼠胃肠道蠕动作用的影响。方法:采用灌胃消旋山莨菪碱造成小鼠便秘模型实验,观察各组小鼠首次排便时间,6 h排便粒数和重量,测定厚朴提取液对缓解小鼠便秘作用;采用腹腔注射左旋精氨酸造成大鼠胃肠运动障碍模型实验,得到各组大鼠胃残留率和肠推进率,测定厚朴提取液对促进大鼠胃排空和小肠推进作用。结果:厚朴提取物组1、2、3号均能有效缓解消旋山莨菪碱模型小鼠的便秘(P0.05或P0.01)和促进左旋精氨酸致胃肠运动障碍模型大鼠胃排空运动和小肠推进运动(P0.01),其中70%乙醇热回流提取组有强于60%乙醇热回流提取组和95%乙醇热回流提取组的趋势。结论:3种厚朴提取液均具有促进胃肠道蠕动、缓解便秘作用,70%乙醇热回流提取组较优。     

Influence of tacrine on dopamine-induced reactions of the gastric smooth muscle of rats

The clinical usage of the cholinesterase inhibitor tacrine for treatment of Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. These adverse effects are a result of the direct action of tacrine on the intestinal smooth muscles or of the modulation of certain neurotransmitters regulating gastrointestinal functions. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that modulates gastrointestinal motility. This study was designed to examine in vitro the effects of tacrine on dopamine-induced changes in spontaneous activity of smooth muscle preparations from rat's gastric corpus. The mechanical activity was isometrically registered. Tacrine 1.10(-7)-1.10(-5) mol/l caused smooth muscle contraction, which was blocked by atropine 1.10(-6) mol/l. Tacrine 1.10(-4) mol/l provoked a relaxation resistant to atropine. Dopamine and D(2)-receptor antagonists haloperidol and R121 had no effect on tacrine-induced relaxation. Dopamine-induced contraction was concentration-dependent. It was blocked by D(2)-receptor antagonists haloperidol and R121 and by tacrine 1.10(-4) mol/l. In the presence of tacrine 1.10(-7)-10(-5) mol/l or atropine the dopamine-induced contraction was significant. The data obtained suggested that tacrine 1.10(-4) mol/l inhibited the dopamine effects on gastric corpus smooth muscles. The effect was probably not dependent on its anticholinesterase activity or not realized through direct influence on D(2)-dopamine receptors.     

四磨汤对腹部非胃肠手术后大鼠胃肠运动的影响

目的观察四磨汤对腹部非胃肠手术后大鼠胃肠运动的影响。方法48只大鼠随机分成正常组,假手术组,模型组,四磨汤高、中、低剂量组,腹部手术后灌胃给药,检测半固体糊在体内的胃内残留率和小肠推进率。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠胃内残留率明显升高（P〈0．05）,小肠推进率显著降低（P〈0．05）;四磨汤各剂量组均能降低手术后大鼠胃内残留率（P〈0．05）、增加肠推进率（P〈0．05）,四磨汤高剂量组与中、低剂量组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论腹部非胃肠术可导致大鼠胃肠运动紊乱,四磨汤能促进术后大鼠胃肠功能的恢复。     

大蒜素抗溃疡及通便作用研究

目的研究大蒜素抗溃疡作用和对排便作用的影响。方法采用乙醇/盐酸大鼠胃溃疡模型、幽门结扎型溃疡模型、消炎痛致溃疡模型及乙酸致胃溃疡等模型,观察动物溃疡指数;采用燥结失水便秘模型,观察动物排便时间及排便点数;采用正常小鼠碳末推进实验,观察小鼠小肠运动功能。结果大蒜素能减少乙醇/盐酸大鼠胃溃疡模型、幽门结扎型溃疡模型、消炎痛致溃疡模型及乙酸致胃溃疡等模型的溃疡指数(P<0.05或P<0.01);能使模拟燥结的失水便秘模型小鼠的排便时间缩短,排便点数增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);能增加正常小鼠小肠碳末推进的百分率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论大蒜素具有抗溃疡及促进排便作用。