腰椎滑脱椎体终板Modic改变的分布情况及影响因素

目的探讨腰椎滑脱椎体终板Modic改变的分布情况,分析峡部裂性滑脱与退变性滑脱终板Modic改变相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2005年10月～2011年10月收治的264例腰椎滑脱症患者的影像学资料。比较不同类型腰椎滑脱Modic改变的类型,分析不同类型腰椎滑脱中Modic改变与腰椎滑脱程度、椎间盘退变、体重指数、劳动量的相关性。结果退变性滑脱113例,其中ModicI型7例（6．2％）,ModicⅡ型38例（33．6％）;峡部断裂性滑脱151例,其中ModicI型12例（7．9％）,Modic1I型23例（15．2％）,Modicm型28例（18．5％）。腰椎滑脱伴Modic改变的患者中,滑脱节段Modic改变发生率显著高于非滑脱节段。不同类型腰椎滑脱中Modic改变与滑脱程度、椎间盘退变、体重指数、劳动量存在明显相关性（P〈0．05）。结论腰椎滑脱中Modie改变与滑脱程度、椎间盘退变、体重指数、劳动量存在相关性;Modic改变在退变性滑脱中Ⅱ型较多,在峡部裂性滑脱中以Ⅲ型多见,并且Modic改变易发生在滑脱节段。     

Early results of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion in iatrogenic spondylolisthesis patients

Background

Iatrogenic spondylolisthesis is a challenging condition for spinal surgeons. Posterior surgery in these cases is complicated by poor anatomical landmarks, scar tissue adhesion of muscle and dural structures and difficult access to the intervertebral disc. Anterior interbody fusion provides an alternative treatment method, allowing indirect foraminal decompression, reliable disc clearance and implantation of large surface area implants.

Materials and methods

A retrospective chart review of patients with iatrogenic spondylolisthesis including pre- and post-operative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores was performed. Imaging criteria were pelvic incidence, overall lumbar lordosis and segmental lordosis. In addition, the fusion rate was investigated after 6 months.

Results

Six consecutive patients treated between 2008 and 2011 (4 female, 2 male, mean age 61 ± 7.1 years) were identified. The initially performed surgeries included decompression with or without discectomy; posterior instrumented and non-instrumented fusion. The olisthetic level was in all cases at the decompressed level. All patients were revised with stand-alone anterior interbody fusion devices at the olisthetic level filled with BMP 2. Average ODI dropped from 49 ± 11 % pre-operatively to 26.0 ± 4.0 at 24 months follow-up. VAS average dropped from 7 ± 1 to 2 ± 0. Mean total lordosis of 39.8 ± 2.8° increased to 48.5 ± 4.9° at pelvic incidences of 48.8 ± 6.8° pre-operatively. Mean segmental lordosis at L4/5 improved from 10.5 ± 6.7° to 19.0 ± 4.9° at 24 months. Mean segmental lordosis in L5/S1 increased from 15.1 ± 7.4° to 23.2 ± 5.6°. Cage subsidence due to severe osteoporosis occurred in one case after 5 months, and hence there was no further follow-up. Fusion was confirmed in all other patients.

Conclusion

Anterior interbody fusion offers good stabilisation and restoration of lordosis in iatrogenic spondylolisthesis and avoids the well-known problems associated with reentering the spinal canal for revision fusions. In this group, ODI and VAS scores were improved.     

Comparison of Functional Outcomes following Surgical Decompression and Posterolateral Instrumented Fusion in Single Level Low Grade Lumbar Degenerative versus Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Background

The two most common types of surgically treated lumbar spondylolisthesis in adults include the degenerative and isthmic types. The aim of this study was to compare the functional outcomes of surgical decompression and posterolateral instrumented fusion in patients with lumbar degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical outcomes in surgically treated patients with single level, low grade lumbar degenerative, and isthmic spondylolisthesis (groups A and B, respectively) from August 2007 to April 2011. We tried to compare paired settings with similar initial conditions. Group A included 52 patients with a mean age of 49.2 ± 6.1 years, and group B included 52 patients with a mean age of 47.3 ± 7.4 years. Minimum follow-up was 24 months. The surgical procedure comprised neural decompression and posterolateral instrumented fusion. Pain and disability were assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare indices.

Results

The most common sites for degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis were at the L4-L5 (88.5%) and L5-S1 (84.6%) levels, respectively. Surgery in both groups significantly improved VAS and ODI scores. The efficacy of surgery based on subjective satisfaction rate and pain and disability improvement was similar in the degenerative and isthmic groups. Notable complications were also comparable in both groups.

Conclusions

Neural decompression and posterolateral instrumented fusion significantly improved pain and disability in patients with degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis. The efficacy of surgery for overall subjective satisfaction rate and pain and disability improvement was similar in both groups.     

腰椎滑脱后路椎体间植骨融合

目的探讨经后路椎体间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法 采用Ｓｔｅｆｆｅｅ手术复位，固定后，从两侧进入椎间隙凿深深２０－２５ｍｍ，高１０ｍｍ的骨槽，取髂骨块植入。结果 ８例随访７－４２个月，全部症状缓解，恢复轻体力劳动。术后６个月Ｘ线检查示植骨块无吸收，已融合。结论经后路椎体间植骨，一次完成椎管减压，复位，固定和融合，优于前路椎体间植骨术。     

Direct pediculo-body fixation in cases of spondylolisthesis with advanced intervertebral disc degeneration

In inveterate cases of grade 2–3 spondylolisthesis (degenerative or spondylolytic), segmental mobility may be reduced by radiologically confirmed disc resorption. Fusion may be indicated in patients with persistent pain. A simple technique for fusion without reduction of the spondylolisthesis is presented. Fixation of the segment is achieved by two cancellous bone screws inserted bilaterally through the pedicles of the lower vertebra into the body of the upper slipped, vertebra. The cases of 16 patients with an average follow-up of 31 months (range 24–77 months) treated with this direct pediculo-body fixation are presented. Clinical evaluation showed significant decrease in pain and, in patients with concomitant spinal stenosis, walking distance without pain improved from between 500 and 1000 m to more than 3000 m. Radiologically, fusion was observed in all cases. The presented technique of internal fixation of a slipped segment in the degenerative lumbar spine represents a simple minimally traumatic procedure with successful clinical and radiological outcome. Additional procedures, such as decompression of the spinal canal, may be performed.     

Surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis in Gabon

PURPOSE: Spondylolisthesis is a spinal disease revealed by lombalgia and/or lombosciatalgia, which may persist under medical treatment and physiotherapy. Indications for surgery are impairing symptoms and emergency conditions. We report outcome in 21 patients (14 women, 7 men, aged from 30 to 60 years old) who underwent surgery for isthmic (n = 10) and degenerative (n = 11) spondylolisthesis. Radiographic staging was: I in seven patients, II in ten, and III in four. METHOD: Many techniques were used: simple laminectomy (n = 4), Gill's operation (n = 4), Lapras' technique (n = 4), and Roy-Camille instrumentation (n = 9). RESULTS: Immediate and long-term postoperative follow-up of sixteen patients confirm good results: excellent outcome in eleven patients, good in four, and fair in one. CONCLUSION: Considering social and economic factors, we prefer Lapras' technique which provides very satisfactory results.     

腰椎滑脱合并椎间盘突出的影像学研究及临床意义

目的：探讨腰椎滑脱合并椎间盘突出的影像学及临床特点。方法：回顾分析６９例腰椎滑脱合并椎间租界害出患者手术前后的临床症状、体征、Ｘ线片和ＣＴ。结果：（１）腰痛伴坐骨神经痛４５例（６５．２％）。（２）突出椎间盘与滑脱椎体同一磁４２例（６１％）,旁型２２个（２５％）,中央型１４个（１５％）。（５）术后４８例获随访,平均随访３．５年,依Ｍａｃｎａｂ评定标准,优：３８例,良：７例,可：３例。结论：腰椎滑脱合     

Geometry of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs in lumbar segments adjacent to spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: pilot study

The objective is to evaluate the geometric parameters of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in spinal segments adjacent to spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. This pilot cross-sectional study was an ancillary project to the Framingham Heart Study. The presence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis as well as measurements of spinal geometry were identified on CT imaging of 188 individuals. Spinal geometry measurements included lordosis angle, wedging of each lumbar vertebra and intervertebral disc. Last measurements were used to calculate ΣB, the sum of the lumbar L1–L5 body wedge angles; and ΣD, the sum of the lumbar L1–L5 intervertebral disc angles. Using Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test we compared the geometric parameters between individuals with no pathology and ones with spondylolysis (with no listhesis) at L5 vertebra, ones with isthmic spondylolisthesis at L5–S1 level, and ones with degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5–S1 level. Spinal geometry in individuals with spondylolysis or listhesis at L5 shows three major patterns: In spondylolysis without listhesis, spinal morphology is similar to that of healthy individuals; In isthmic spondylolisthesis there is high lordosis angle, high L5 vertebral body wedging and very high L4–5 disc wedging; In degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal morphology shows more lordotic wedging of the L5 vertebral body, and less lordotic wedging of intervertebral discs. In conclusion, there are unique geometrical features of the vertebrae and discs in spondylolysis or listhesis. These findings need to be reproduced in larger scale study.     

Surgical treatment of high-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis in childhood, adolescent and young adult by the “double-plate” technique: a past experience

Between 1979 and 1996, 40 patients with high-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis were treated in our institution using a newly designed osteosynthesis device. The mean age was 13 years and 6 months, and the mean follow-up was 18 years. Combined posterior decompression and anterior reduction, instrumentation and fusion of the slippage were performed in all cases. The technique includes reduction of the slippage by means of an anteriorly placed plate that engages two screws, previously placed during the posterior approach, going through the S1 vertebra. Progressive compression applied on the plate by the screws achieves reduction. Complete fusion was obtained in all 40 patients. Twelve patients presented a postoperative radiculopathy, from which only ten recovered completely. There were six L4–L5 annulus lesions, responsible for instability, produced by the plate. We report five late infections. Thirty-five of the forty patients were asymptomatic at the latest follow-up. The double compressive plate technique proved to be effective in obtaining lumbosacral fusion and optimal slippage reduction. However, the high rates of neurological and infectious complications preclude recommendation of this technique in its present form.     

退变性和峡部裂性L5/S1滑脱患者L5椎弓根形态学参数比较及其临床意义

【摘要】 目的：测量退变性和峡部裂性L5/S1滑脱患者的L5椎弓根形态学参数,比较两者的差异并分析其临床意义。方法：收集西南医科大学附属医院2016年1月1日~2020年6月30日收治的L5/S1滑脱症患者的影像学资料,其中峡部裂性L5/S1滑脱119例（IS组）,退变性L5/S1滑脱45例（DS组）,同时选取164例无腰椎滑脱的腰椎间盘突出症患者作为对照组（NS组）。在多层螺旋计算机断层扫描（MSCT）图像上测量三组患者L5椎弓根的形态学参数,包括椎弓根长度（PL）、椎弓根螺钉轨迹长度（PSTL）、椎弓根宽度（PW）、椎弓根高度（PH）和椎弓根内倾角度（PCA）;在腰椎站立中立侧位X线片上测量L5椎体的滑移距离,并计算滑移百分比。比较三组患者L5椎弓根形态学参数的差异,分析形态学参数与滑移程度的相关性。结果：三组患者性别比、身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。三组患者各参数左右侧比较均无统计学差异,合并统计。IS组的PL、PSTL、PW、PH和PCA分别为14.4±2.1mm、48.3±4.2mm、13.6±2.1mm、9.6±1.5mm和29.7°±5.3°;DS组分别为16.2±1.6mm、49.8±3.3mm、11.3±1.9mm、9.7±1.7mm和23.3°±6.5°;NS组分别为15.1±1.7mm、48.5±3.5mm、12.7±1.9mm、10.8±1.3mm和27.3°±4.7°。DS组的PL、PSTL显著性大于IS组（P<0.05）,PW和PCA显著性小于IS组（P<0.05）,PH两组无统计学差异（P>0.05）。IS组PL、PW、PH、PCA与NS组比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）,PSTL与NS组比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）;DS组的PL、PSTL、PW、PH和PCA与NS组比较均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。IS组的滑移距离（11.2±2.7mm）和滑移百分比[（29.1±10.9）%]大于DS组[8.8±2.4mm、（24.4±8.4）%]（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,IS组患者L5椎体滑移百分比和L5椎弓根各参数之间无显著相关性（P>0.05）;DS组患者L5椎体的滑移百分比与PL呈正相关（r=0.640,P=0.0001）,与PW（r=-0.510、P=0.0001）和PCA（r=-0.405、P=0.006）呈负相关,与PSTL无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论：两类滑脱患者滑移椎体椎弓根形态学存在差异,峡部裂性L5/S1滑脱患者的L5椎弓根形态呈“展、短、粗”,退变性L5/S1滑脱患者的L5椎弓根形态呈“收、长、细”。提示两类滑脱患者在椎体滑移发展中椎弓根存在差异性应力重塑。     

The surgical management of complicated spinal stenosis: spondylolisthesis

The principles of surgery in spinal stenosis follow a clear understanding of the pathology in the various types ofstenosis. This article describes how the basic technique of one-level decompression in spinal stenosis is modified to deal with the pathology in degenerative spondylolisthesis. We have provided an explanation of the pathology in spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis, and how modifications of the basic decompressive technique are necessary to deal with these variations in pathology. The indications and technique for a concomitant lateral spinal fusion are described. Techniques of instrumentation are not covered in this article.     

椎弓根钉钩板复位固定治疗腰椎滑脱的远期疗效

目的 研究椎弓根钉钩板(PSHP)复位固定治疗腰椎滑脱的远期疗效，并提出PSHP术式的适应征。方法 对12例施行椎弓根钉钩板复位固定治疗腰椎滑脱的患者(男5例，女7例，年龄25-53岁，平均38岁)，进行了近期平均6．3月，远期平均9年10个月的随访，进行影像学测量，包括滑脱率、滑脱角、椎间盘指数、融合率，并按日本骨科学会(JOA)标准进行评分。结果 PSHP术后，近期随访滑脱率、滑脱角、椎间盘指数、JOA评分均明显改善，远期随访滑脱率、滑脱角、椎间盘指数有少量的丢失，JOA评分略有增加，融合率达91．7％，无一例断钉发生。结论 椎弓根钉钩板(PSHP)复位固定治疗腰椎滑脱可以最大限度的保留脊柱功能，只要手术适应征选择正确，可以取得良好的长期疗效。     

Ossified pseudomeningocoele following laminectomy: Case reports and review of the literature

To date, four cases of ossified extradural pseudocyst have been described, the first being in 1951 by Verbiest who described unusual forms of compression of the cauda equina including a case of a lumbo-sacral extradural cyst and a case of knotting of a caudal nerve root. We present an additional two cases.     

椎间植骨融合加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎滑脱

目的探讨椎间植骨融合联合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症的效果。方法114例腰椎滑脱患者采用后路椎弓根螺钉复位固定加椎间植骨融合术。结果平均手术时间(267±23)min,出血量(915±175)ml,术中无神经、输尿管及大血管损伤等严重并发症。平均随访17.9(9~48)个月。椎间植骨融合率95.6%,融合时间平均9.3(3.5~6.5)个月,未融合5例。椎间隙高度维持良好,滑脱椎体复位无丢失。疗效评价:优73例,良29例,可9例,差3例,优良率为89.5%。结论椎间植骨融合加椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗腰椎滑脱症的一种有效措施。     

腰椎峡部裂滑脱与退变性滑脱矢状位平衡比较研究

目的分析腰椎峡部裂滑脱与退变性滑脱的脊柱-骨盆矢状位平衡的差异。方法选择2012-01-2014-07就诊且资料完整的腰椎滑脱症患者共84例,峡部裂滑脱(峡部裂组)42例,男15例,女27例,年龄33~66岁;退变性滑脱(退变组)42例,男15例,女27例,年龄44~67岁。两组患者的ODI及JOA评分、体重指数(BMI)均没有统计学差异。测量以下参数:滑脱率(Slip Percentage,SP),骨盆入射角(Pelvic Incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(Pelvic Tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(Sacral Slope,SS)、颈胸和谐角(Cervical-Thoracic Angle,CTA)、胸腰和谐角(Thoracic-Lumbar Angle,TLA)、腰骶和谐角(Iumbar-Sacral Angle,LSA)、躯干整体平衡(Full Balance Integrated,FBI)。t检验比较两组参数的差异,Pearson相关分析矢状位参数与滑脱率间的相关性。结果峡部裂组的滑脱率(28.2°±9.6°)明显大于退变组(16.7°±8.3°)(P0.05),两组间骨盆参数、脊柱-骨盆曲线和谐角、FBI的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组中I度L4滑脱各参数的差异也无统计学意义。峡部裂组PI、PT、LSA与滑脱率存在显著相关性(P0.01),退变组PI、LSA与滑脱率存在显著相关性(P0.01)。结论在BMI及临床症状相同情况下,由于病因不同,峡部裂滑脱相比退变性滑脱具有较大的滑脱程度,但两者的骨盆形态、脊柱生理弯曲形态及躯干的整体平衡状态却是相似的。     

改良经后路椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨单枚Cage加自体骨块椎间融合的改良经后路椎体间融合(PLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法自2000年12月～2006年6月,笔者在椎弓根螺钉系统复位固定的基础上用1枚Cage加1块自体骨椎间融合的手术方法治疗腰椎滑脱症46例,崩裂性滑脱24例,退变性滑脱22例。其中男25例,女21例;年龄29～67岁。部位:L3、42例,L4、523例,L5S121例。根据Meyerding滑移分度法:Ⅰ度22例,Ⅱ度19例,Ⅲ度5例。结果随访8～72个月,平均25个月。根据Nakai疗效评定标准:优23例,良22例,可1例。术后滑脱复位44例,Ⅲ度恢复到Ⅰ度2例。结论Cage加自体骨块融合的改良PLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症,具有固定坚强、较好维持椎间高度、良好的椎间骨融合、疗效确实等优点。     

椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症

目的 观察Cage椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的近期疗效。方法 应用Cage椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症41例，按Meyerding分度，Ⅰ度滑脱25例，Ⅱ度滑脱16例。经前路31例，经后路10例。仅置入1个Cage6例，其中前路4例，后路2例；其余均置入2个Cage。结果 手术前后X线片测量，见病椎有69％～100％(平均83％)的复位，其中15例完全复位。其中32例术后获得10～36个月、平均17个月随访，全部骨性融合，26例症状完全消失，优良率为81．3％。结论 Ⅰ～Ⅱ度的腰椎滑脱症均可应用Cage椎间融合器治疗。     

腰椎滑脱后路矫形固定的疗效评定

目的通过对腰椎滑脱症手术治疗的长期随访分析,比较不同术式治疗效果。方法通过对1986年-2000年收治的腰椎滑脱患者临床资料及功能进行分析。结果60例患者分别采用Luque术式、Steffee术式、RF-Ⅱ、RF-Ⅱ加BAK术式,随访3～8年,其矫正率分别为42%、67%、95%、97%。结论手术器械矫正加融合对腰椎滑脱的疗效是肯定的,尤以BAK的应用可进一步维持滑脱的矫正,减少远期并发症。