地椒油自乳化制剂处方研究

目的寻找地椒油自乳化最佳处方条件。方法通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和相图绘制,以形成乳剂的乳化程度和乳滴有效粒径大小为指标,对地椒油处方中的油相、非离子表面活性剂、助表面活性剂进行筛选,寻找最佳处方。结果地椒油的自乳化的处方中油相为油酸乙酯,表面活性剂为CremophorEL,其最佳比例范围为4∶6～6∶4。结论自乳化地椒油处方比例为地椒油:油酸乙酯∶CremophorEL为2∶5∶5。     

氯诺昔康自乳化释药系统处方优化的研究

目的：优化氯诺昔康自乳化释药系统处方。方法：通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和相图绘制，以形成乳剂的乳化程度和乳化时间大小为指标，时氯诺昔康处方中的油相、非离子表面活性剂、助表面活性剂进行筛选，寻找最佳处方。结果：自乳化处方中油相为Lauroglicol FCC，非离子表面活性剂为Tween-85，助表面活性剂为Pluml Oleique，其最佳比例为5：13：2。结论：按优化处方制得的氯诺昔康自乳化释药系统大大提高了氯诺昔康在水中的溶解度。     

月见草油自乳化制剂处方研究

目的:研究月见草油自乳化制剂,探求其最佳处方配比.方法:通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和三相图的绘制,以形成乳剂的乳化程度、未乳化油的体积和所得乳滴粒径的大小为指标,对月见草油处方中的药物、非离子表面活性剂、潜溶剂的用量比例进行筛选,寻找出最佳的搭配和处方配比.结果:在月见草油的自乳化制剂处方中,当非离子表面活性剂选用吐温-85、潜溶剂选用丙二醇时,可以获得较好的乳化效果.结论:月见草油自乳化的最佳处方比例为月见草油∶吐温-85∶丙二醇=5∶7∶3.     

鸦胆子油自乳化制剂处方研究

目的:研究鸦胆子油自乳化制剂,探求其最佳处方配比,进行剂型改进。方法:通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和伪三元相图的绘制,以乳化程度、未乳化油的体积和所得乳滴粒径的大小为指标,对鸦胆子油处方中的药物、油相、表面活性剂的用量比例进行筛选,寻找出最佳的搭配和处方配比。结果:在鸦胆子油的自乳化制剂处方中,当油相选用中链脂肪酸三酰甘油、非离子表面活性剂选用吐温-85时,可以获得较好的乳化效果,粒径为0.169 2 μm,且乳化制剂的质量、稳定性与重现性良好。结论:鸦胆子油自乳化的最佳处方比例为鸦胆子油中链脂肪酸三酰甘油吐温-85=114。     

川芎油自微乳化释药系统处方研究

目的研究川芎油自微乳化释药系统，探求其最佳处方配比。方法通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和三相图的绘制，以形成乳剂的乳化程度、未乳化油的体积和所得乳滴的粒径大小为指标，对川芎油处方中的药物、非离子表面活性剂、潜溶剂的用量比例进行筛选，寻找出最佳的搭配和处方配比。结果在川芎油的自微乳化制剂处方中，当非离子表面活性剂选用S1、潜溶剂选用C1时，可以获得较好的乳化效果。结论川芎油自微乳化制剂的最佳处方比例为川芎油：S1：C1=10：9：1。     

莪术油自微乳化给药系统处方设计和体外评价

目的设计莪术油自微乳化系统处方并进行体外评价。方法采取正交设计和绘制伪三元相图,以溶解状况、乳化速度、乳化程度、液面浮油层、分层沉淀等指标,对自微乳化系统中的油相、乳化剂及助乳化剂的组成、用量进行研究,筛选最佳处方组成和组成比例。结果莪术油最佳自微乳化给药系统主要由莪术油、吐温80、油酸乙酯、PEG400组成,其最佳质量比为2.5:3:5:2。按最佳处方制备的莪术油自微乳化给药系统,乳滴粒径仅66.7nm,在人工胃液的溶出度17min内已超过95%,远高于自制对照莪术油油溶液胶囊。结论自微乳化给药系统能改善难溶性药物莪术油的胃肠道溶出情况,处方组成及制备工艺简单,是具有良好应用前景的制剂新技术与新剂型。     

川芎油自微乳化释药系统处方研究

目的研究川芎油自微乳化释药系统,探求其最佳处方配比。方法通过溶解度实验、正交筛选和三相图的绘制,以形成乳剂的乳化程度、未乳化油的体积和所得乳滴的粒径大小为指标,对川芎油处方中的药物、非离子表面活性剂、潜溶剂的用量比例进行筛选,寻找出最佳的搭配和处方配比。结果在川芎油的自微乳化制剂处方中,当非离子表面活性剂选用S1、潜溶剂选用C1时,可以获得较好的乳化效果。结论川芎油自微乳化制剂的最佳处方比例为川芎油∶S1∶C1=10∶9∶1。     

大豆苷元固体自乳化制剂的制备及处方优化

目的优化大豆苷元固体自乳化释药系统处方。方法通过溶解度实验、不同油相和表面活性剂进行初步配伍研究和伪三元相图的绘制,以乳化程度和乳化时间为指标,确定乳化剂(吐温-80)、油相(油酸乙酯)和助乳化剂(Transcutol P)种类。自乳化处方采用星点设计-效应面法进行处方优化,以油相用量(%)与乳化剂和助乳化剂之比(Km)为变量,粒径与电位为指标,优选最佳自乳化处方,并考察吸附材料,确定制备工艺。应用差示热分析和X-射线衍射鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态。结果大豆苷元自乳化制剂最佳处方为吐温-80∶Transcutol P∶油酸乙酯(54.2∶20.1∶25.7),以β-环糊精为吸附剂,用量为自乳化处方∶β-环糊精=1∶4。DSC和X-射线分析结果显示,药物在载体中以无定形或分子形式存在。大豆苷元固体自乳化制剂30 min溶出度达40.5%。结论固体自乳化制剂可以提高药物稳定性和溶出度,制备工艺简单。     

黄芩苷固体自乳化颗粒剂的制备

目的研究黄芩苷固体自乳化颗粒剂的制备工艺。方法通过溶解度考察、伪三元相图的绘制及L9（33）正交试验,以形成自乳化效果、自乳化时间和粒径的大小为指标,选择最佳自乳化处方。通过对固体吸附材料的筛选,累积溶出度的测定,筛选黄芩苷固体自乳化颗粒的最佳处方。结果最佳处方油酸乙酯-吐温（Tween）80-聚乙二醇（PEG）400的质量比为2∶7∶6,可溶性淀粉与黄芩苷固体自乳化释药系统（S-SEDDS）的质量比为4∶1,45min溶出度达102.89%。结论黄芩苷S-SEDDS制备方法简单,稳定性好,可以提高药物的溶出度。     

丹参酮自乳化药物传递系统的初步研究

目的 筛选丹参酮自乳化药物传递系统的处方,考察其稳定性。方法 通过溶解度试验、乳化程度观察,乳化完全时间、乳滴粒径大小测定以及伪三相图绘制,确定丹参酮自乳化药物传递系统最佳处方,HPLC法测定处方中药物的量,光照、高温、低温条件下考察其稳定性。结果 丹参酮自乳化药物传递系统最佳处方中的油相为油酸乙酯,乳化剂为TX10和聚山梨酯80,助乳化剂为异丙醇,四者比例为60∶84∶21∶35。结论 所得到的丹参酮自乳化药物传递系统处方在避光和常温下性质稳定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.