急性化脓性骨髓炎的MRI表现

目的：研究MRI在诊断急性化脓性骨髓炎早期病变的价值。方法：12例经临床证实的下肢骨急性骨髓炎患者分别于发病后2-14d在Philips0.5T超导型MR扫描仪下行横轴面、矢状面和冠状面扫描。结果：12例中11例骨髓内呈现异常MR信号，1例发病仅2d者骨髓内无异常信号。病变随时间的推移与正常骨髓间分界逐渐清晰，在T1WI骨髓内病变呈斑片状稍长T1、长T1低信号，在T2WI上病变呈斑片状长T2高信号，在短时反转恢复（STIR）序列上这种信号改变尤其明显。结论：MRI诊断急性化脓性骨髓炎优于其他影像学检查。     

骨髓炎的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI在骨髓炎诊断中的价值。方法:回顾分析20例骨髓炎的X线、MRI平扫及Gd-DTPA增强扫描资料。结果:MRI最早可在发病第3天发现骨髓信号异常,骨髓炎在MRI上表现出T1WI为低或稍低信号,在T2WI上呈高信号,以STIR或FFE序列最明显,Gd-DTPA扫描病变不均匀强化,骨髓炎多有脓肿和脓肿壁环状强化。结论:MRI对骨髓炎的诊断具有重要价值,尤其在显示早期病变及病变范围方面明显优于X线。     

脊椎骨髓炎的MRI诊断

目的确定MRI对脊椎骨髓炎的诊断价值.方法对26例经临床或手术病理证实的脊椎骨髓炎的MR影像表现进行回顾性分析.MR检查方法为矢状位和轴位常规SE序列T1WI及T2WI,Gd-DTPA T1WI.结果26例患者中,单纯脊椎骨髓炎3例,相邻椎体及椎间盘受累9例,相邻椎体,椎间盘及椎旁软组织受累12例,合并硬膜外脓肿2例.病变椎体和椎间盘MRI表现为长T1、长T2信号,椎旁软组织呈等T1、长T2信号.病变椎体、椎间盘和椎旁软组织影可见不同程度的异常强化.结论MRI对脊椎骨髓炎的早期诊断和指导治疗具有重要意义.     

婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎的MRI表现及其诊断价值

目的探讨婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎的MRI表现及其诊断价值。资料与方法 21例长骨急性血源性骨髓炎病例均经临床及病理证实,9例采用Siemens Novus 0.35 T MR机,12例采用Siemens Avanto 1.5 T超导型MR机对病灶及邻近关节行轴位、矢状位及冠状位扫描。结果将婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎分为三种类型:(1)骨骺干骺型(16例):病变位于股骨干骺端6例、胫骨干骺端5例、肱骨干骺端5例。16例长骨干骺端病灶合并骨骺及骺板受累、化脓性关节炎,其中2例合并骨膜下脓肿,1例合并骨骺分离,1例合并关节脱位,病灶在T1WI呈低或稍低信号,T2WI、PD-STIR及梯度回波序列呈高信号,以PD-STIR显示更明显;(2)干骺型(3例):病变位于股骨干骺端2例,胫骨干骺端1例,无骺板及骨骺受累,病灶呈片状稍长T1、长T2信号;(3)骨干型(2例):病变位于胫骨及尺桡骨骨干各1例,MRI表现为骨干广泛骨质破坏及骨膜反应。2例增强扫描髓腔内病灶及周围软组织见不均匀斑片状强化。结论婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎有其自身发病特点,认识其病理解剖学基础及MRI表现,对评价骨髓炎的严重程度及预后有十分重要的意义。     

MRI Diagnosis of Acute Haematogenous Osteomyelitis of Long Bone in Infants

目的 探讨婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎的MRI表现及其诊断价值.资料与方法 21例长骨急性血源性骨髓炎病例均经临床及病理证实,9例采用Siemens Novus 0.35 T MR机,12例采用Siemens Avant0 1.5 T超导型MR机对病灶及邻近关节行轴位、矢状位及冠状位扫描.结果 将婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎分为三种类型:(1)骨骺干骺型(16例):病变位于股骨干骺端6例、胫骨干骺端5例、肱骨干骺端5例.16例长骨干骺端病灶合并骨骺及骺板受累、化脓性关节炎,其中2例合并骨膜下脓肿,1例合并骨骺分离,1例合并关节脱位,病灶在T1WI呈低或稍低信号,T2WI、PD-STIR及梯度回波序列呈高信号,以PD-STIR显示更明显;(2)干骺型(3例):病变位于股骨干骺端2例,胫骨干骺端1例,无骺板及骨骺受累,病灶呈片状稍长T1、长T2信号;(3)骨干型(2例):病变位于胫骨及尺桡骨骨干各1例,MRI表现为骨干广泛骨质破坏及骨膜反应.2例增强扫描髓腔内病灶及周围软组织见不均匀斑片状强化.结论 婴儿长骨急性血源性骨髓炎有其自身发病特点,认识其病理解剖学基础及MRI表现,对评价骨髓炎的严重程度及预后有十分重要的意义.     

MRI对急性骨髓炎感染患者骨髓及软组织病变诊断价值(附60例分析)

目的探讨MRI在急性骨髓炎患者骨髓及软组织病变诊断中的应用价值。方法选取经穿刺手术病理学确诊的60例骨髓炎感染患者为研究对象,对所有患者均分别进行MRI和X线平片检测,分析其对患者骨髓及软组织病变的检测效果。结果 1X线平片显示6例异常;260例患者MRI扫描均显示异常,其中,SE T1WI及SE T2WI对骨髓及软组织病变的检出率分别为88.3%和80.0%,而STIR序列对骨髓及软组织病变的检出率为100%和91.7%,两者比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而两者对骨髓及软组织病变的检出率均显著高于X线平片,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于早期骨髓炎患者的检测X线平片的效果较差,MRI检测具有显著的优势,可作为急性骨髓炎患者的首选检查方法。     

MRI在浆细胞性乳腺炎诊断及分型中的价值

目的：探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在浆细胞性乳腺炎(PCM)诊断和分型中的应用价值。方法回顾性观察18例经病理证实的 PCM 患者双侧乳腺 MRI 图像,包括 T1加权像(T1 WI)、T2加权像(T2 WI)压脂平扫及动态增强扫描图像上病灶的形态、边缘、范围和增强表现。结果PCM 依照 MRI 表现可分为炎症型、脓肿型、混合型;其中炎症型4例,病变范围广泛3例,病变局限在乳头及乳晕1例,T1 WI 均呈等低信号,压脂 T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描单纯斑片状强化2例,斑片及树枝状强化2例;脓肿型9例,病变范围广泛6例,病变局限于1个象限3例,单发3例,多发6例,T1 WI 呈等低信号,压脂 T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描呈蜂窝状强化4例,环形及片状强化5例;混合型5例,炎症伴脓肿及窦道形成,T1 WI 均呈等低信号,压脂 T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描蜂窝状强化3例,1例散在多发环形强化,1例不均匀斑片状及环形强化。对每一个增强的病例选取感兴趣区并绘制时间-信号强度曲线,所有曲线均为流入式,其中平台型17例,上升型1例。本组中有5例于扩张的导管内见高蛋白物质沉积,T1 WI 呈明显高信号,压脂T2 WI 呈低信号。结论PCM 脓肿型最为常见,其次为混合型,且其 MRI 表现均可见明显环形及蜂窝状强化的脓腔,具有特征性。掌握其信号特点及特征性强化方式对明确诊断及分型有显著帮助。     

再生障碍性贫血腰椎骨髓的MRI研究

目的探讨再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)的MRI诊断和在疗效评价上的应用价值。方法选择骨髓穿刺镜检证实的再生障碍性贫血16例及正常组30例,常规行腰椎MRI检查,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI和脂肪抑制短时反转恢复(STIR)脉冲序列,层厚5mm,层距1mm,矩阵180×256。对2组腰椎骨髓MRI表现分别总结、测量其T1值,对再生障碍性贫血组,计算椎体异常信号（低信号）区所占面积的百分比。结果本组病例根据腰椎MRI表现分为3种类型1型2例,表现为T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈均匀等信号,STIR呈均匀低信号,2例均为急性再障;2型7例,表现为3个序列中出现少许灶状不均匀信号,5例为急性再生障碍性贫血;3型7例,表现为明显高低混杂不均匀信号,7例均为慢性再生障碍性贫血。急性再生障碍性贫血患者的腰椎T1WI低信号的面积占椎体的比例明显小于慢性再生障碍性贫血患者（t=30.00,P<0.01）。再生障碍性贫血组的T1值明显低于正常组（q=7.02,P<0.01）。治疗好转后,骨髓又恢复接近正常信号和T1值。结论MRI可作为再生障碍性贫血的一种非创伤性的骨髓检查,对观察病变程度、范围以及治疗后疗效评价有着重要的临床意义。     

布氏杆菌脊柱炎与脊柱结核的MRI鉴别诊断

目的 :比较布氏杆菌脊柱炎与脊柱结核的MRI表现差异,提高对这2种疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 :收集经MRI检查并被手术病理或临床随访证实的布氏杆菌脊柱炎患者15例、脊柱结核患者20例,对这2种疾病的MRI表现进行回顾性比较分析。结果:MRI显示,15例布氏杆菌脊柱炎患者中,12例椎间盘有异常信号,表现为条形T2WI高信号;11例椎间隙无狭窄;36个受累椎体,形态接近正常24个;无椎旁软组织内脓肿;12例椎管内硬膜外软组织肿胀,其内脓肿范围小,硬脊膜受累,范围广超过病变椎体水平。20例脊柱结核患者中,6例椎间盘正常结构消失;10例椎间隙有狭窄,其中6例椎间隙明显变窄,4例椎间隙消失;43个受累椎体,形态异常37个,形态正常6个;15例表现为椎旁脓肿形成,5例未见脓肿形成;3例椎管内硬膜外脓肿,范围未超过病变椎体水平。结论:根据病变椎间盘内异常信号、椎间隙有无狭窄、椎体形态、椎旁有无脓肿及硬膜外脓肿侵犯范围的MRI表现,可提高对布氏杆菌脊柱炎和脊柱结核的诊断及鉴别诊断水平,减少误诊率。     

脊椎病变骨髓MRI信号分型初探（附150例报告）

目的探讨脊椎病变骨髓MRI信号特点、分型与病理基础。材料和方法分析150例脊椎椎体病变骨髓的MRI信号特点,其中骨质疏松压缩性骨折44例,外伤性骨折52例,脊椎感染性病变12例,转移瘤32例,多发性骨髓瘤4例,慢性粒细胞性白血病1例,神经纤维瘤病2例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,总结SE序列T1WI椎体内黄骨髓信号的分布与形态特点并分型。结果椎体病变骨髓MRI信号分6型：0型,正常骨髓信号,21例;Ⅰ型,红骨髓缺失型,4例;Ⅱ型,部分骨髓信号保留型,56例;Ⅲ型,骨髓信号局灶替代型,16例;Ⅳ型,骨髓信号斑片替代型,3例;Ⅴ型,弥漫骨髓低信号型,56例。结论脊椎病变保留的黄骨髓信号,其分布与形态具有一定的规律,反映了相应的病理生理基础。将其总结分型,便于正确认识脊椎病变的骨髓MRI信号变化,提高脊椎病变的诊断水平。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.