血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄性短暂性脑缺血发作的疗效观察

目的 观察血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄性短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的疗效.方法 对97例应用数字减影血管造影(DSA)确诊的颅内动脉狭窄性TIA患者进行血管内支架成形术治疗;术前、术后即刻(或次日)和术后6个月应用DSA及经颅多普勒(TCD)检查血管狭窄程度及狭窄动脉的平均血流速度(Vm);随访6个月观察TIA及脑卒中的发生率.结果 97例患者中发现动脉狭窄112处,血管内支架成形术中释放109枚支架,94.5%释放成功.术后即刻(或次日)和6个月时动脉狭窄程度及Vm明显低于术前(均P<0.01).术后即刻发现1例丘脑出血.6个月随访期间,83例(92.5%)无TIA及脑卒中发生;9例(9.68%)发生TIA,3例(3.23%)发生脑梗死,2例(2.15%)死亡.结论 血管内支架成形术治疗脑动脉狭窄性TIA安全有效.     

颅内血管支架成形术并发急性血栓形成临床分析

目的探讨颅内动脉狭窄血管内支架成形术并发急性血栓形成机制。方法对16例症状性颅内动脉狭窄(狭窄率>50%)患者行血管内支架(PC冠脉支架)成形术,术后1个月、3个月、6个月进行系统随访。结果16例病人行颅内动脉血管内支架成形术,技术成功率100%。2例术后10min内出现不同程度的意识淡漠、言语不清等神经功能缺失症状,即刻脑血管造影见支架内急性血栓形成,前向血流延迟,及时选送微导管于支架内应用尿激酶接触性溶栓治疗均获得成功,术后随访6个月与术前对比无遗留任何神经功能缺失。结论颅内动脉支架成形术并发急性血栓形成的原因可能是多因素的,但术前充分有效的抗血小板治疗是防治支架内急性血栓形成的重要措施。     

支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄:6个月随访研究

目的观察血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及短期疗效,尤其是对认知功能的影响。方法观察52例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者血管内支架成形术前后的经颅多普勒超声(TCD)改变、简易精神状态评估量表(MMSE)评分及P300的变化。结果52例患者进行了颅内动脉支架成形术,其中大脑中动脉水平段24例,椎动脉28例。治疗前责任病变血管的狭窄率为78%±10%,治疗后的狭窄率为7%±5%。在治疗后随访的1、3及6个月,MMSE明显提高而P300明显缩短;而且随随访时间延长P300及MMSE变化越明显;随访期间患者没有短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)及症状性脑梗死发生;经TCD随访,没有发现再狭窄。结论血管内支架成形术能有效缓解颅内动脉狭窄并能改善短期认知功能,且是安全的。其长期效果有待进一步临床观察。     

支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄：6个月随访研究

目的 观察血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的安全性及短期疗效，尤其是对认知功能的影响。方法 观察52例症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者血管内支架成形术前后的经颅多普勒超声（TCD）改变、简易精神状态评估量表（MMSE）评分及P300的变化。结果 52例患者进行了颅内动脉支架成形术，其中大脑中动脉水平段24例，椎动脉28例。治疗前责任病变血管的狭窄率为78％±10%，治疗后的狭窄率为7％±5%。在治疗后随访的1、3及6个月，MMSE明显提高而P300明显缩短；而且随随访时间延长P300及MMSE变化越明显；随访期间患者没有短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）及症状性脑梗死发生；经TCD随访，没有发现再狭窄。结论 血管内支架成形术能有效缓解颅内动脉狭窄并能改善短期认知功能，且是安全的。其长期效果有待进一步临床观察。     

血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的 评价经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效.方法 24例颅内动脉狭窄患者行经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术,其中颈内动脉颅内段狭窄6个,大脑中动脉狭窄7个,基底动脉及椎动脉颅内段狭窄11个.20例植入Wingspan支架,2例因Gateway球囊扩张满意而未植入支架,2例椎动脉颅内段狭窄者分别植入Apollo及Invastent Volo球囊支架.结果 经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术后,患者血管狭窄率由手术前60%～95%降为手术后残余狭窄率0～20%.23例随访2～24个月,效果良好,未见复发.2例植入Wingspan支架后1～3 h出现脑出血,1例死亡,1例轻度偏瘫,死残率为8.33%.结论 经皮血管内成形术和支架植入术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄有效,中短期疗效满意.在严格的准入标准下,Gateway球囊-Wingspan支架植入围手术期仍有严重并发症出现,值得关注.     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄临床研究

研究背景锁骨下动脉狭窄主要临床表现为锁骨下动脉盗血综合征,血管内支架成形术为其主要治疗方法,本文旨在探讨症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄血管内支架成形术的疗效和安全性。方法回顾分析2012年6-11月经血管内支架成形术治疗20例症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄患者的临床资料。结果所有患者支架植入均获成功,术后全脑血管造影提示锁骨下动脉残余狭窄率<20%,椎动脉呈顺向血流,锁骨下动脉盗血现象完全消失,同侧椎动脉颅内段血流通畅,临床症状改善;术后无一例出现支架相关性手术并发症。术后10天至6个月时,血管超声及CTA检查未见支架内再狭窄,血管形态良好、血流通畅。结论血管内支架成形术治疗症状性锁骨下动脉重度狭窄是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄

目的分析血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析103例症状性颅内动脉狭窄病人的临床资料,共103处狭窄,其中基底动脉狭窄29处,椎动脉颅内段狭窄23处,颈内动脉颅内段狭窄3处,大脑中动脉狭窄48处。均行血管内支架成形术,并通过临床症状、改良Rankin量表评分评价其疗效。结果手术成功101例,植入支架101枚,平均动脉狭窄程度从术前的82.84%±8.14%降为术后的10.61%±5.09%;手术失败2例(支架无法到位1例,刺破动脉1例)。术后临床症状消失28例,好转51例,无明显变化19例,因并发症加重5例。67例DSA随访6～14个月,出现再狭窄27例,其中再狭窄率50%21例,再狭窄率≥50%6例。临床随访12个月,新发TIA 4例,小面积脑梗死4例,少量脑室出血1例。结论血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的安全、有效手段。     

支架置入术治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起跌倒发作的疗效观察（附2例报告）

目的 观察应用血管内支架成形术治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起的跌倒发作的疗效.方法 对2例颅内外动脉狭窄引起的跌倒发作患者(例1为基底动脉的中部、起始部,左椎动脉起始部及左锁骨下动脉重度狭窄;例2为双侧颈内动脉起始部重度狭窄)予以血管内支架成形术治疗,共释放6枚支架,例2应用保护伞.术后随访9个月～2年.结果 术后2例患者临床症状消失.例1随访9个月,术后6个月起因不规律服药,3个月后死于脑干梗死;例2术后1年复查DSA,无发生再狭窄,随访2年无临床症状复发.结论 血管内支架成形术是治疗颅内外动脉狭窄引起的跌倒发作安全、有效的方法.     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄

目的 初步总结颅内动脉狭窄血管内支架成形术的疗效及其治疗经验。方法 18例患者计19处颅内动脉狭窄(前循环11处、后循环8处)行球囊膨胀支架血管内成形术,术前平均狭窄(80.3±7.92)％,平均狭窄长度(5.89±1.82)mm。结果 19处动脉狭窄均成功支架植入,狭窄降至(4.68±9.53)％,无颅内出血、支架内急性闭塞手术并发症。短期随访(5～24个月)脑缺血症状均未再发作;脑血管造影随访15例,1例见支架内内膜增生但无再狭窄。结论 血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄是一种安全、有效的方法,但远期疗效还有待于进一步观察。     

支架成形术治疗椎动脉颅内段和基底动脉狭窄17例临床观察

目的评估症状性椎动脉颅内段、基底动脉狭窄患者经皮血管内支架成形术(PTAS)治疗的安全性和有效性。方法17例症状性椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉狭窄患者,狭窄程度在50%以上且规范的内科药物治疗无效,给予PTAS治疗,术后常规给予抗凝、抗血小板聚集、降脂药物。结果17例患者20处狭窄行PTAS,所有的病例手术均取得成功,没有严重并发症,术后即刻造影残存狭窄平均在10%以下,病人平均随访6.8个月(3～10个月),有1例患者出现再狭窄(狭窄程度>50%),所有患者均无缺血症状发作。结论PTAS治疗椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉狭窄是安全和有效的。     

支架成形术治疗椎—基底动脉狭窄

目的评价支架成形术治疗椎—基底动脉狭窄的临床疗效和安全性。方法对20例椎—基底动脉狭窄患者进行脑血管造影,行支架成形术,并进行随访。结果20例患者共植入支架22个,手术成功率为100%,狭窄从术前的75%～99%下降到术后的0%～10%。随访6～36个月均未再次发生脑卒中或TIA。结论支架成形术治疗椎—基底动脉狭窄是一种安全有效的方法。     

12例脑动脉狭窄支架置入术的临床观察

目的观察脑动脉狭窄血管内支架成型术的安全性、近期临床疗效及治疗经验。方法包括颈内动脉起始部狭窄9处,椎动脉开口部狭窄5处,基底动脉狭窄3处的12例患者共17处行自膨式及球囊膨胀式支架置入术,共使用保护伞10例,围手术期给予抗血小板聚集。结果12例病人共置入支架17枚,成功率100%。1例术中发生低血压性休克,治疗后好转;6~17个月随访9例无症状复发,DSA复查9例,其中1例内膜增生,1例再狭窄。结论血管内支架置入术治疗脑血管狭窄安全有效,近期疗效明显,但仍需长期随访观察远期疗效。     

症状性颈、椎动脉狭窄的临床诊断与血管内介入治疗

目的探讨颅外段颈、椎动脉狭窄的临床诊断方法,评价颈、椎动脉狭窄血管内介入治疗的临床应用价值。方法对106例颅外段颈动脉和椎动脉狭窄患者的临床表现、颈部血管超声、全脑血管造影和血管内介入治疗等相关资料进行系统回顾。结果(1)颈部血管听诊发现血管杂音95例(89.6%),脑血管疾病危险因素排序依此为高脂血症83例(78.3%)、高血压62例(58.5%)、糖尿病49例(46.2%)、长期饮酒44例(41.5%)、吸烟41例(38.7%)和高尿酸血症23例(21.7%);(2)本组患者DSA发现单纯颅外段颈动脉狭窄40例,单纯椎动脉起始部狭窄30例,颅外段颈动脉和椎动脉狭窄合并存在36例,共检出狭窄血管169条;(3)104例患者血管内成功植入支架123枚,术后即刻DSA显示狭窄程度10%~20%,围手术期严重并发症3例(2.88%),92例患者术后6~12个月随访无短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)及新发脑梗死。结论血管内介入诊疗技术在症状性颈、椎动脉狭窄的临床诊治中具有重要价值。     

症状性颅内前循环大动脉非急性闭塞血管内治疗的可行性分析

目的 评估血管内治疗症状性颅内前循环大动脉非急性闭塞的可行性及有效性。 方法 回顾性分析2016年1月-2019年10月青岛大学附属医院神经内科采用血管内治疗的颅内前循环 大动脉非急性闭塞患者的临床资料。评价血管内治疗的血管再通率、术后并发症、临床预后,并随访 患者血管再狭窄及卒中复发情况。 结果 共纳入22例患者,血管内治疗后,20例（90.9%）患者闭塞的血管成功再通,术后并发症3例 （13.6%）,其中1例为术中蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为术后出血转化,1例术后出现癫痫发作;血管再通的 患者中单纯球囊扩张术治疗7例,中位血管残余狭窄率为12.4%（8.6%～20.5%）,球囊扩张+自膨式支 架治疗10例,中位血管残余狭窄率为10.4%（6.2%～17.8%）,两种治疗方法的血管残余狭窄率差异无 统计学意义。血管成功再通患者出院时临床症状改善8例（40.0%）,无明显变化12例（60.0%）,无症 状加重患者。术后随访时间为19（12～29）个月,mRS评分良好者12例（60.0%）,1例（5.0%）再发TIA, DSA显示支架内再狭窄,给予球囊扩张术治疗后症状好转。 结论 血管内治疗症状性颅内前循环大动脉非急性闭塞是安全可行的,能够改善患者的缺血症状, 并且术后卒中复发率较低。     

Vertebral artery origin angioplasty and primary stenting: safety and restenosis rates in a prospective series

OBJECTIVES: To report a single centre ongoing experience of endovascular treatment for atherosclerotic vertebral artery origin stenosis in a series of symptomatic patients, with follow up imaging to determine the incidence of restenosis. METHODS: 14 patients with vertebral artery origin stenosis on catheter angiography were treated. Angioplasty without stenting was undertaken in the first four patients, all of whom had follow up catheter angiography at one year. Subsequently, patients were treated by primary stenting and followed up with colour Doppler ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all treated arteries, with no immediate complications. The degree of stenosis was reduced from (mean (SD)) 73 (18)% before treatment to 21 (26)% immediately after treatment in the angioplasty alone group (p = 0.059). In the primary stenting patients, the severity of stenosis was reduced from 82 (8)% to 13 (13)% immediately after treatment (p < 0.001). Restenosis to 70% or greater occurred at one year in all four patients initially treated by angioplasty without stenting. One patient subsequently developed further symptoms and was retreated by stenting. One of the 10 patients treated by primary stenting developed restenosis. None of the remaining patients had further posterior circulation ischaemic symptoms during a mean follow up period of 33.6 months (range 1 to 72 months). CONCLUSIONS: Restenosis occurs often after vertebral artery origin balloon angioplasty without stenting but is uncommon after stenting. Primary stenting is therefore recommended to maintain patency at this site, and had a low complication rate in this series.     

支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄临床分析

目的 分析支架成形术治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的临床疗效.方法 选用球扩支架19 例与自膨支架18 例治疗37 例狭窄＞50%的症状性颅内动脉狭窄.结果 球扩支架术前平均狭窄程度78.2%,术后平均狭窄程度7%,技术相关性并发症5 例;自膨支架术前平均狭窄程度79.4%,术后平均狭窄程度22%,技术相关性并发症1 例.结论 自膨支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄具有较好的技术安全性.     

Recent advances in endoluminal revascularization for intracranial atherosclerotic disease

More than 750,000 strokes occur annually in the United States. Of these, 8-10% are due to intracranial atherosclerosis. Less than 50% of patients with strokes from intracranial atherosclerosis will have a transient ischemic attack. For those patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis, the prognosis is poor; and the recent Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis (WASID) trial results have demonstrated the high risk of warfarin without clear benefit. Intracranial angioplasty and stenting is emerging as a viable and effective treatment alternative for patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Advances in stent design, endovascular wires, and catheters and balloons are allowing endovascular surgeons to safely treat intracranial atherosclerosis. Wider clinical experience has led to refinement of patient selection and endoluminal techniques. Drug eluting-stents have the promise of decreasing the risk of restenosis. In this review, the most recent clinical, laboratory, and technical details for the treatment of intracranial angioplasty and stenting are discussed.     

Single-staged sequential endovascular stenting in patients with in tandem carotid stenoses

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Simultaneous stenoses at the origin of the internal carotid artery and the carotid siphon, also known as 'in tandem stenoses', are not uncommon. However, the clinical importance of this condition is still a subject of controversy. Surgical and endovascular approaches have been proposed to manage symptomatic patients who fail antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: We present a series of eight patients with symptomatic in tandem carotid artery stenoses treated by sequential endovascular stent-assisted angioplasty. In all the cases, the intracranial stenosis was equal to, or greater, than the extracranial stenosis. RESULTS: Procedural success, defined as residual stenosis of less than 30% in extracranial and intracranial lesions, was obtained in all the cases. No patient sustained myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) during the procedure or hospital stay. During a mean clinical follow-up of 12 +/- 3.4 months (range: 7-20 months), there were no neurological events and on angiographic follow-up after 6 months, no patient presented in-stent de novo stenosis. CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-assisted angioplasty appears to be a valid alternative for selected patients with symptomatic in tandem carotid stenoses that are refractory to medical treatment. In most of the cases, the characteristics of intracranial stenoses determine the feasibility of the procedure.