神经外科开颅术后再次手术临床特点分析

目的：探讨神经外科开颅术后再次手术的临床特点。方法本次选择陕西省安康市紫阳县人民医院神经外科2012年6月-2013年6月收治的50例开颅术后再次手术的患者作研究对象，分析临床特点。结果本组GOS 1级14例，死亡率为28%，包括脑膜瘤2例，重型颅脑损伤8例，动脉瘤2例，颅咽管瘤2例；GOS 2级长期昏迷、植物生存4例，包括动脉瘤和颅脑损伤各2例；GOS 3重残8例，为重型颅脑损伤患者；GOS 4级中残20例，包括慢性硬膜下血肿2例，重型颅脑损伤8例，脑膜瘤4例，动脉瘤2例，脑出血2例，脑脊液漏2例；GOS 5级恢复良好4例，其中慢性硬膜下血肿和硬膜下积液各2例。结论神经外科病情多危重、变化快，个体间存在较大差异，故有一定的再次或多次手术几率，临床医生需提高非正常的再次手术预防力度，并对具备再次手术指征者，提高操作技巧，尽快完成手术，以挽救患者生命。     

重型颅脑损伤二次手术原因及效果分析

目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤后二次手术的原因、处理方法及效果。方法回顾分析我院2003．12—2009．12收治的29例重型颅脑损伤行二次手术患者的临床资料。结果根据格拉斯哥预后分级（Glasgow Outcome Scale,COS）评分法,本组29例患者出院时GOS1分（死亡）9例,GOS2分（植物生存）4例,GOS3分（重残）5例,GOS4分（中残）7例,GOS5分（良好）4例。结论二次手术患者多数有多发性损伤、病情危重、致残率及病死率高的原因,掌握手术时机和正确的手术方式,术后严密监测及积极处理复合伤等,可改善患者预后。     

156例重型颅脑损伤死亡病例分析

目的：探讨造成重型颅脑损伤病人死亡的死亡因素和经验教训，以便更好地抢救重型颅脑损伤患者。方法：回顾性分析我院自2002年1月-2005年10月死亡的156例重型颅脑损伤病人。结果：156例死亡病人中，车祸致重型颅脑损伤病人死亡占首位；死于脑挫裂伤、脑肿胀、颅内血肿导致颅高压131例（84．0％）；死于合并伤7例（4．5％），其中胸部外伤4例（2．6％），休克3例（1、9％）；死于并发症18例（11．5％），其中多器官衰竭9例（5．8％），肺部感染6例（3．8％），应激性溃疡出血3例（1．9％）；入院时合并缺氧63例，合并休克34例，入院后合并高热70例，合并高糖66例。结论：重型颅脑损伤病人死亡与受伤原因、院前急救、伤情严重、二次损伤、合并伤、并发症等多因素密切相关，早期诊断、治疗、积极处理合并伤、预防并发症对降低死亡率有重要意义。     

重型颅脑损伤273例抢救探讨

目的：探讨重型颅脑损伤的抢救治疗方法。方法：对我院2000年1月～2006年6月273例重型颅脑损伤病人的抢救治疗资料进行回顾性分析。结果：按GOS评分，恢复良好181例（66．4％），中等伤残12例（4．4％），严重伤残6例（2．2％），植物生存5例（1．8％），死亡64例（23．4％），转院5例（1．8％）。结论：重型颅脑损伤应重视现场抢救、早期诊断、及时手术清除血肿，早期亚低温治疗，防治并发症，可提高治疗成功率及改善预后。     

大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床观察

目的探讨大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年8月—2012年8月,我院30例重型颅脑损伤患者行大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗的情况。结果 30例重型颅脑损伤患者,经过大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗后,根据格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）评估,11例GOS 4-5分,14例GOS 2-3分,5例GOS 1分（死亡）,治疗总有效率为83.4%。结论对于重型颅脑损伤患者,大骨瓣开颅减压手术疗效显著,安全性高,能够有效抑制病情的进一步发展,明显改善患者的预后。     

无ICP监测90例重型颅脑损伤病人救治经验

目的 总结90例重型颅脑损伤的治疗经验。方法 对该科1997年6月～2001年12月间收治的90例重型颅脑损伤病人(GCS计分3～8分)进行回顾性分析。结果 按GOS治疗结果：5级48例．4级10例，3例8例，2级2例，1级22例，死亡率24．4％。结论 无颅内压(ICP)监测时，保持气道通畅，尽早进行病灶清除术，合理应用脱水剂，维持水电解质平衡，加强营养支持治疗，防治并发症，同时严密观察病情变化、动态复查CT，及时掌握手术指征，是确保重型颅脑损伤患者救治成功的主要措施。     

重型颅脑损伤2次手术原因及对策

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤后2次手术的原因、处理方法及效果。方法:回顾分析我院2006年7月～2013年7月收治的80例重型颅脑损伤行2次手术患者的临床资料。结果:根据格拉斯哥预后分级(GOS)评分法,本组80例患者出院时GOS 1分(死亡)18例,GOS 2分(植物生存)7例,GOS3分(重残)22例,GOS 4分(中残)17例,GOS 5分(良好)16例。结论:2次手术患者多数有多发性损伤、病情危重、致残率及死亡率高的原因,掌握手术时机和正确的手术方式,术后严密监测及积极处理复合伤等,可改善患者预后。     

52例重型颅脑损伤死亡原因分析

本文要据花都医院近年收治的52例重型颅脑损伤死亡病例的临床资料，认为重型颅脑损伤病人的死亡与下列因素有关：（1）年龄；（2）原发性脑损伤的程度；（3）手术时机；（4）合并伤；（5）并发症。强调重型颅脑损伤的早诊、早治是关键，积极入理合并伤，加强术后治疗和护理，防治并发症，对降低死亡率有重要意义。     

早期康复训练对重型颅脑损伤患者预后的影响

目的：探讨早期康复护理训练对重型颅脑损伤患者生存质量的影响。方法：对收治的100例重型颅脑损伤病人随机分为两组：早期康复训练组52例;常规护理组48例。对其进行治疗前和治疗后格拉斯哥昏迷指数（GCS）评分,治疗后6月进行格拉斯哥结果指数（GOS）分级,并对二组进行比较。结果：治疗前GCS评分二组比较差异无统计学意义,治疗后实验组GCS评分平均提高了（3．97±1．76）分,对照组GCS评分平均提高了（2．91±1．84）分,二者比较差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．01）;实验组良好率（GOSⅣ级和Ⅴ级）较对照组高32％,病死率、植物生存率较对照组下降30％,两组比较,实验组生存质量明显优于对照组（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。早期康复训练组疗效优于常规护理组（P〈0．05）。结论：早期系统化康复护理可促进重型颅脑损伤患者神经功能恢复,改善预后。     

低位大骨瓣开颅治疗重型颅脑损伤

目的：探讨低位大骨瓣开颅治疗重型颅脑损伤治疗的疗效。方法：对40例重型颅脑损伤患者采用低位大骨瓣开颅手术治疗,31例去大骨瓣减压,9例还纳骨瓣,观察其神志、瞳孔、脑池、术后脑梗死及格拉斯哥预后标准评分（GOS）的情况,评价其疗效。结果：恢复良好22例（55％）,中度残疾4例（10％）,重度残疾7例（17．5％）,植物生存1例（2．5％）,死亡6例（15％）。结论：低位大骨瓣开颅治疗重型颅脑损伤效果良好．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.