Ramadan fasting ameliorates oxidative stress and improves glycemic control and lipid profile in diabetic patients

Purpose

The effects of Ramadan fasting on public health are important. The present study characterized the metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting and evaluated its influence on oxidative stress in diabetic patients.

Methods

The current study was carried out in the city of Benha, Egypt, during the period from July 12, 2012 to October 4, 2012. This corresponds to 22 Shaban 1433 to 18 Dhul Al-Qi’dah 1433 in the Islamic Calendar. Two equal, sex- and age-matched groups (n = 40 each; age 55 ± 5 years) of non-diabetic subjects (ND group) and diabetic patients (D group) were recruited for this study. Parameters of glycemic control, lipid profile, and oxidative stress were measured pre-, during and post-fasting.

Results

Ramadan fasting reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) insignificantly by 5.8 % and significantly by 23.0 % in the (ND) and (D) groups, respectively. Serum triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were lowered significantly by: TG (22.8, 22.1 %), MDA (54.3, 46.6 %), and total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) insignificantly by: TC: (4.7, 6.1 %), LDL: (4.0, 5.1 %), whereas high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were raised significantly by 6.7 % and insignificantly by 2.2 %, and blood glutathione (GSH) significantly by 52.6 and 59.4 %, in the (ND) and (D) groups, respectively. At 6 weeks post-fasting FBG, TG, TC, HDL, and LDL returned to levels indistinguishable from their baseline values in both groups, while MDA was maintained significantly lower by (25.7, 22.7 %), and GSH significantly higher by (26.3, 31.3 %), in the (ND) and (D) groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Ramadan fasting improves glycemic control and lipids profile and alleviates oxidative stress in diabetics.     

Melatonin protects rat liver against irradiation-induced oxidative injury

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant roles of different doses of melatonin (5 and 10 mg x kg (-1) ) against gamma-irradiation-caused oxidative damage in liver tissue after total body irradiation (TBI) with a single dose of 6.0 Gy. Fifty adult rats were divided into 5 equal groups, 10 rats each. Groups I and II were injected with 5 and 10 mg x kg (-1) of melatonin, and group III was injected with an isotonic NaCl solution. Group IV was injected with only 5 mg x kg (-1) of melatonin. Group V was reserved as a sham control. Following a 30-min-period, 6.0 Gy TBI was given to groups 1, 2 and 3 in a single fraction. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured in all groups. TBI resulted in a significant increase in the liver tissue MDA levels and a decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activities. The results demonstrated that the liver tissue MDA levels in irradiated rats that were pretreated with melatonin (5 or 10 mg x kg (-1) ) were significantly decreased, while the SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly increased. Decreasing the MDA levels by melatonin was dose dependent, but the liver tissue SOD and GSH activities were not. The data obtained in this study suggest that melatonin administration prior to irradiation may prevent liver damage by irradiation.     

Melatonin improved the disturbances in hepatic prooxidant and antioxidant balance and hepatotoxicity induced by a high cholesterol diet in C57BL/6J mice

We examined the effect of melatonin in prooxidant and antioxidant state in the liver of C57BL/6J mice fed on a high cholesterol (HC) diet. Mice were fed with normal mice chow containing 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 4 months without and with melatonin (10 mg/L in drinking water) treatment. HC diet was observed to increase malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) levels in the liver. This diet lowered glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol, and total ascorbic acid levels as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities in the liver, but hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged. Although melatonin treatment did not affect these parameters in mice fed a normal diet, it reduced hepatic MDA and DC levels in mice fed an HC diet. Hepatic alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid levels increased, but hepatic GSH levels remained unchanged in the melatonin-treated HC group as compared to the HC group. Melatonin treatment was found to increase liver GSH-Px and GST activities in mice fed an HC diet. However, SOD activity did not alter in the liver of hypercholesterolemic mice following melatonin treatment. In addition, the histopathological lesions observed in the cholesterol-plus-melatonin group were less severe than those seen in the cholesterol group. According to these observations, we can say that melatonin treatment has an ameliorating effect on the disturbances in prooxidant and antioxidant balance and histopathological lesions in the liver of mice following cholesterol feeding.     

白桦脂醇对酒精性肝损伤的治疗作用

[目的]观察白桦脂醇对酒精性肝损伤的治疗作用。[方法]将大鼠随机分为6组,正常组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、阳性对照组和模型组。采用白酒灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精性肝病模型,给予白桦脂醇保护。检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）。高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）以及肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）、还原性谷胱甘肽酶（GSH）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、丙二醛（MDA）水平,同时做肝脏的病理切片观察。[结果]酒精性肝损伤的大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP活性和LDL含量明显升高。肝匀浆中SOD、GSH-PX、GST活力明显降低;MDA含量明显升高;GSH含量明显降低。白桦脂醇能明显降低模型组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP活性（与模型组比较：P〈0．05）;可明显提高酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH-PX、GST活性（P〈0．01）和GSH含量（P〈0．05）;同时显著性降低肝组织中MDA含量（P〈0．05）。阳性对照组（益肝灵组）大鼠血清中ALT、AST、ALP活性明显降低和CHO含量明显降低（与模型组比较：P〈0．05）;可明显提高酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH—PX、GST活性（P〈0．01）和GSH含量（P〈0．05）;同时显著性降低肝组织中MDA含量（P〈0．05）。白桦脂醇还能明显改善由酒精引起的肝组织脂肪样变和坏死。[结论]白桦脂醇能抑制酒精诱导脂质过氧化反应对肝组织的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有较好的治疗作用。     

四种食用真菌提取物预防小鼠酒精性氧化损伤的研究

[目的 ]评价灵芝、云芝、灰树花、姬松茸 4种食用真菌提取物预防小鼠酒精性氧化损伤的作用。 [方法 ]每日灌服 4种食用真菌提取物 ,每鼠各 1 5g/kgbw ,共 3 0d ,结束时阳性对照组及各受试物组一次灌胃 5 0 %乙醇 12ml/kg ,阴性对照组给予 70 %葡萄糖溶液 ,禁食 12h后处死。检测血清谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)和谷胱甘肽s 转移酶 (GST)、肝匀浆丙二醛 (MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和甘油三酯 (TG)。同时计算肝体比。 [结果 ]灵芝提取物组GSH、GSH Px显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,MDA、TG含量明显下降 (P <0 0 5 )。[结论 ]给予小鼠相同剂量的 4种真菌提取物 ,其中灵芝提取物有较好的预防酒精性氧化损伤作用     

Oxidative stress in older patients with iron deficiency anaemia

We propose that oxidative damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Participants were selected from Basic Attention Ambulatory from North of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All subjects were older than 65 years — 17 patients with IDA and primary hypertension and 18 patients with primary hypertension (control group) were included in the present study. We measured antioxidant defenses including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometric assays. We also determined protein oxidative damage in haemolysate and plasma by carbonyl assay. We characterized the lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. The results show that IDA patients had significantly higher CAT and SOD levels than controls. GPx activity was not different between the groups. Oxidative protein damage was noted in the plasma but not in the haemolysate. A significantly enhanced production of MDA was observed in the serum of IDA patients, as an indication of increased level of auto-oxidizable lipids under oxidative stress. These results support the idea that patients with IDA are subjected to chronic oxidative stress. Therefore it is important that IDA in older persons receives adequate attention in clinical practice and is not considered simply a part of normal aging.     

2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激介导肝脏和骨骼肌细胞内脂肪堆积的差异

目的观察2型糖尿病大鼠高脂饮食后肝脏和骨骼肌氧化应激及脂质堆积的差异。方法10只雄性Goto Kakisaki（GK）大鼠随机分为两组：糖尿病对照组和糖尿病硫辛酸治疗组（α-硫辛酸35mg／kg隔天腹腔内注射1次），健康Wistar大鼠4只为正常对照组，高脂饮食12周。测定各组大鼠肝、骨骼肌匀浆中的GSH、SOD和MDA及脂质谱水平，以及观察其组织病理形态学改变。结果糖尿病对照组肝组织GSH、SOD和MDA及脂质谱水平较正常对照组明显异常，经α-硫辛酸治疗后有明显改善，且GSH、SOD和MDA水平与甘油三酯水平相关；骨骼肌组织中除SOD外，GSH和MDA以及脂质谱水平在3组之间的变化，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。糖尿病对照组有明显的肝细胞脂肪变性、坏死及炎性细胞浸润，硫辛酸治疗后有明显改善，而骨骼肌组织病理形态学无明显变化。结论12周高脂饮食可导致明显的氧化应激状态和细胞内脂肪堆积，但肝脏和骨骼肌两者之间存在一定差异，α-硫辛酸通过改善氧化应激状态而对细胞脂质代谢异常有明显的缓解作用。     

西红花酸抗氧化干预脂肪肝细胞的研究

目的探讨西红花酸对于非酒精性脂肪肝细胞的干预作用及其作用机制。方法 :采用油酸和棕榈酸的脂肪酸混合液诱导L02肝细胞株,建立非酒精性脂肪肝模型,并加入一定浓度的西红花酸进行干预。通过观察细胞形态,甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法检测细胞活力,并检测细胞内三酰甘油(TG)含量,以及细胞内氧化还原指标包括谷胱甘肽(GSH)、还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,以反映西红花酸对脂肪肝细胞模型的干预作用。结果使用西红花酸后脂肪肝细胞中TG含量降低,细胞中脂质沉积有效缓解,ROS、MDA水平呈明显下降,且NADPH,GSH,SOD等抗氧化系统指标明显改善。结论西红花酸通过降低脂肪肝细胞内氧化应激水平可能对脂肪肝防治有一定作用。     

山楂及山楂黄酮预防大鼠脂质代谢紊乱的分子机制研究

目的　探讨山楂及山楂黄酮调节大鼠脂质代谢紊乱的效果分子机制。方法　在建立大鼠高脂血症模型基础上 ,观察山楂及山楂黄酮对大鼠血脂水平、抗氧化能力、肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体 (LDLR)的 m RNA和蛋白水平及功能等方面的影响。结果　山楂及山楂黄酮能显著抑制喂高脂高胆固醇饲料大鼠血清总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇 (LDL- C)和 Apo B浓度 ,显著升高高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇 (HDL- C)和 Apo Al浓度 ,但对甘油三酯 (TG)影响不大。山楂及山楂黄酮还能显著降低血清和肝脏丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,增强红细胞和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ,同时增强全血谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GSH- Px)活性。逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)实验显示高脂高胆固醇饲料能显著降低大鼠肝脏 LDLR m RNA水平 ,山楂及山楂黄酮能显著升高大鼠肝脏LDLR m RNA水平。 Western印迹实验结果表明 ,高脂高胆固醇饲料能显著降低大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体蛋白水平 ,山楂及山楂黄酮能显著增加大鼠肝脏 LDLR的蛋白水平。放射性配体结合力试验表明 ,山楂及山楂黄酮显著增加了大鼠肝脏 LDLR数目 ,而对亲和力影响不明显。结论　山楂及山楂黄酮主要通过调节大鼠肝脏 LDLR转录水平和提高抗氧化能力抑制脂质过氧化物预防脂质代谢紊乱。     

Acute effects of fenthion on certain oxidative stress biomarkers in various tissues of frogs (Rana ridibunda)

This study was aimed mainly to assess the effects of fenthion on certain oxidative stress biomarkers in various tissues of frogs (Rana ridibunda). Biomarkers selected for stress monitoring were malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant defense system (ADS) such as reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain of frogs exposed to 10 and 20 ppm dosages of fenthion for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The results demonstrate an increase in MDA levels in selected tissues following exposure to both concentrations of fenthion. The ADS, GSH-Px, GST, SOD activities and GSH levels also fluctuated after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in all the treatment groups compared with controls. From the evidence obtained here, it is concluded that the exposure of frogs to fenthion induced an increase in MDA combined with fluctuated ADS. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for oxidative stress in amphibian species.     

Omethoate modulates some oxidant/antioxidant parameters in frogs (Rana ridibunda Pallas)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an organophosphorus insecticide omethoate (OM), on certain oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT)) in tongue, lung, stomach and muscle tissues of adult frogs (Rana ridibunda Pallas). Animals were exposed to 10 and 20 parts per million dosages of OM for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h. According to the results, MDA level increased significantly in lung and stomach tissues. GSH content fluctuated in lung and muscle while it elevated in tongue and stomach tissues. With regard to antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR and CAT), their activities reduced in tongue, while they increased in lung and fluctuated in stomach and muscle tissues. It can be concluded that exposure of frogs to OM are characterized by increased MDA levels and fluctuated enzyme activities and GSH contents. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for assessment of OM toxicity.     

铁缺乏对大鼠血脂和肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

摘要：目的探讨铁缺乏对血脂水平和肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。方法选择健康SPF／VAF级初断乳SD雄性大鼠30只．按体重随机分为两组：对照组（饲料铁含量93．3mg／kg）和铁缺乏组（饲料铁含量9．6mg／kg）,每组15只。通过控制大鼠铁摄人量,制备缺铁动物模型。喂养6周后,测量体质量,股动脉放血处死动物,分离血清,摘取肝脏称重,并计算肝脏相对质量。采用生化法检测血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、血红蛋白、血清铁水平和总铁结合力;制备肝脏匀浆,检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果与对照组相比,铁缺乏组大鼠血红蛋白降低（t=30．919,P〈0．01）,达到中重度贫血水平;体质量、肝脏绝对质量和相对质量均降低（t=4．393,9．068,8．805,P均〈0．01）;血清TC、HDL和LDL水平均降低（t=9．017,9．519,3．880,P均〈0．01）;MDA含量较对照组减低（t=2．810,P〈0．05）。结论铁缺乏可能通过干扰肝细胞的正常脂代谢与抗氧化系统,对大鼠体内血脂及脂质过氧化产生影响。     

茶多酚和维生素C联合补充对高尿酸血症伴脂代谢异常者的改善效果研究

目的探讨茶多酚(TP)和维生素C(VC)联合补充对高尿酸血症伴脂代谢异常的改善作用及体内抗氧化能力的影响。方法将114名原发性高尿酸血症伴脂代谢异常的男性患者随机分为试验组(TP 300mg/d+VC 250mg/d)及对照组(安慰剂),比较两组干预1年前后血清尿酸、血脂代谢和抗氧化指标的变化。结果 96名患者完成研究(失访率13.1%)。干预后两组血尿酸水平有统计学差异[试验组vs对照组(0.437±0.071)mmol/L vs(0.465±0.059)mmol/L,P=0.037];试验组TC水平较对照组有统计学意义下降[干预组vs对照组(5.32±0.85)mmol/L vs(5.68±0.80)mmol/L,P=0.036]。TG,LDL,HDL及FBG两组干预后无统计学差异。干预后试验组血清MDA较对照组有统计学意义下降[(2.58±1.17 nmmol/ml)vs(3.65±1.8 nmmol/ml),P=0.003],SOD,GSH两组干预结束时无统计学差异。试验组和对照组MDA分别下降65.49%,31.99%;SOD分别升高56.02%,31.61%;GSH分别升高9.51%,3.36%。两组间MDA,SOD有统计学差异(P<0.05),GSH两无统计学差异。干预后试验组CRP较对照组有统计学意义下降[(1.34±1.26 mg/L)vs(2.22±2.03 mg/L),P=0.021]。结论茶多酚和VC的联合补充有助于降低高尿酸血症伴血脂代谢异常者的血尿酸及血脂水平,并改善机体氧化应激状态。     

血康胶囊降脂功效观察

[目的 ]　探讨血康胶囊降脂的功效。　 [方法 ]　在 92例筛选对象中 ,随机选取 48名为治疗组 ,44名为对照组 ,进行为时 2个月的血康胶囊降脂临床功效的观察。　 [结果 ]　在治疗组中 ,从总体均数来看 ,血康胶囊对总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的降低作用明显 (P <0 .0 1) ,甘油三脂较之于对照组有降低趋势 ,而对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇有升高趋势 ;从功效来看 ,血康胶囊对总胆固醇及甘油三脂有明显的作用 (P <0 .0 1)。　 [结论 ]　血康胶囊能有效地降低总胆固醇、甘油三脂及低密度胆固醇 ,并具有升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的趋向 ,达到纠正脂质代谢异常的目的     

Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress in the brain of animals chronically exposed to mobile phones and potential protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats exposed to microwave radiation during 20, 40 and 60 days. Four groups were formed: I group (control)- animals treated by saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.) applied daily during follow up, II group (Mel)- rats treated daily with melatonin (2 mg kg(-1) body weight i.p.), III group (MWs)- microwave exposed rats, IV group (MWs + Mel)- MWs exposed rats treated with melatonin (2 mg kg(-1) body weight i.p.). The microwave radiation was produced by a mobile test phone (SAR = 0.043-0.135 W/kg). RESULTS: A significant increase in the brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl group concentration was registered during exposure. Decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) remained after 40 and 60 days of exposure to mobile phones. Melatonin treatment significantly prevented the increase in the MDA content and XO activity in the brain tissue after 40 days of exposure while it was unable to prevent the decrease of CAT activity and increase of carbonyl group contents. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated two important findings; that mobile phones caused oxidative damage biochemically by increasing the levels of MDA, carbonyl groups, XO activity and decreasing CAT activity; and that treatment with the melatonin significantly prevented oxidative damage in the brain.     

川崎病儿童载脂蛋白和脂蛋白及血脂水平变化的临床研究

[目的]研究川崎病(Kawasaki disease ,KD)患儿血清脂类(载脂蛋白、脂蛋白、血脂)在病程各临床分期中的变化情况. [方法]120例川崎病患儿在疾病的不同临床分期及120名对照组儿童均进行血清脂类测定. [结果]川崎病组血清脂类无年龄与性别差异,病程中TG、ApoB100、ApoE比对照组高(P＜0.01),TC、HDL-C、ApoAI比对照组低(P＜0.01),LDL-C、Lpa与正常儿童相比差异无显著性(P均＞0.05).急性期明显下降的项目有:TC、HDL-C、ApoAI、Lpa;除了ApoE,其余项目亚急性期均比急性期高.TC、HDL-C在亚急性期已接近正常水平,TG、LDL-C、Lpa、ApoAI、ApoB100在恢复期时基本达到正常水平.ApoE在KD病程中各期差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但水平始终高于对照组(P＜0.01). [结论]KD患儿血清脂类除ApoE外,在临床各期均有不同程度变化,但基本上是一过性的,到恢复期时基本上接近正常水平.KD患儿在疾病过程中存在的血脂代谢紊乱对其可能有长远的影响,临床应重视对血脂结果的分析,及早干预.     

Effects of omethoate on certain oxidative biomarkers in various tissues of frogs (Rana ridibunda) at acute exposure

The study aimed mainly to assess effects of omethoate on certain oxidative stress biomarkers in various tissues of frogs (Rana ridibunda). Biomarkers selected for stress monitoring were malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant defense system (ADS) constituent such as reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver, brain, heart and kidney tissues of frogs exposed to 10 and 20 ppm dosages of omethoate for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Results showed that the administrations of omethoate promote MDA content in the tissues of the frogs treated with both dosages of omethoate. With regard to the ADS, GSH-Px, GST, SOD activities and GSH levels decreased after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in the tissues of treatment groups compared with controls. Collective results demonstrated that the exposures to omethoate of frogs induced an increase in MDA joined with fluctuated ADS. This may reflect the potential role of these parameters as useful biomarkers for assessment of aquatic pollution.     

Relationship of coffee consumption with serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of instant coffee and brewed coffee with serum lipids and lipoproteins in Japanese men. METHODS: Study subjects were 4587 male self-defense officials aged 48-56 years who had a preretirement health examination at one of the three hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces from October 1986 to December 1992. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained lifestyle characteristics including consumption of a limited number of foods and beverages by all of the men. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated from the values of TC, TG, and HDL cholesterol. RESULTS: While the consumption of brewed coffee was unrelated to any parameter of serum lipids and lipoproteins, instant coffee consumption showed a highly significant positive association with serum LDL cholesterol levels and an inverse association with serum TG levels. After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, green tea consumption, rank, and hospital, for each cup of instant coffee per day, LDL cholesterol levels were 0.82 mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-1.35) higher, and TG levels in a natural log-scale were 0.014 mg/dl (95% CI 0.006-0.022) lower. There was also a tendency for a positive association between instant coffee intake and serum TC levels (trend p = 0.09). HDL cholesterol levels were unrelated to instant coffee consumption. These associations did not change after additional adjustment for selected foods and beverages associated with serum lipids and lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that instant coffee, not brewed coffee, may be associated with raised levels of serum LDL cholesterol and decreased levels of serum TG.     

非酒精性脂肪肝性别之间血清生化指标比较

目的比较非酒精性脂肪肝患者性别之间生化代谢差异,探讨预防控制策略。方法检测973名体检者的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、载脂蛋白B100(apoB100),计算non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C比值,并对89例非酒精性脂肪肝与202名体检健康者(对照组)进行比较。结果脂肪肝患病率为9.05%,男性患病率12.53%,显著高于女性的6.0%(P<0.05);与对照组比较,59例男性患者的ALT、IBIL、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoA1、non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),30例女性患者的AST、TBIL、DBIL、IBIL、GLU、T-CHO、TG、LDL-C、apoA1、non-HDL-C、apoB100/apoA1、LDL-C/HDL-C、apoB100/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);non-HDL-C与TC、LDL-C、TG、HDL-C、apoA1、apoB100、apoB100/apoA1、TC/HDL均显著相关(相关系数0.4113~0.9893,P<0.01)。结论非酒精性脂肪肝普遍具有代谢异常和肝脏受损特点,且性别之间表现不同,应采取针对性措施进行必要的预防和干预。     

Time-Course Variations of DNA Damage and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Effluents From a Swine Industry

DNA damage (Comet assay), lipoperoxidation levels (TBARS), and several biomarkers of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and contents of reduced (GSH) and total (TG) glutathione were measured in liver and blood (Comet assay) of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed for 7, 15, 30 (subchronic exposure), 60, and 90 days (chronic exposure) to two treatment lagoons of a swine-processing plant, the first an anaerobic lagoon and the second a final treatment lagoon. After the 15th day, TBARS increased in fish exposed to both lagoons, decreased on the 30th day, and on the 90th day remained similar to controls. Fish exposed subchronically and chronically to both effluents showed consistently greater DNA damage. The CAT and GPx activities showed similar profiles and were induced only during the first week and during the first and second months. GST activity was induced throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, GR activities showed inverted profiles, with progressively decreased activities in the liver of fish exposed to the anaerobic lagoon, and progressively increased activities in fish exposed to the final lagoon. GSH showed higher contents in liver after 60 and 90 days of exposure to the final lagoon. GSSG contents were higher in fish exposed to the final lagoon throughout the experimental period. After 15 days, tilapia exposed to both lagoons showed enhanced total glutathione contents. The hepatic antioxidant system and biomarkers of oxidative stress such as DNA fragmentation and TBARS contents of tilapia exposed to both lagoons presented biphasic profiles. These changes in the antioxidant status also indicate that the industrial treatment is not adequate to avoid damaging environmental effects.