碳青酶烯类抗菌药物对常见非发酵革兰阴性杆菌体外抗菌活性的分析

目的比较美罗培南和亚胺培南对铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的体外抗菌活性，为临床医生经验用药提供参考。方法采用K-B纸片法和MIC法对2004-2006年分离的铜绿假单胞菌587株和鲍曼不动杆菌226株进行药敏试验．结果按照CLSI2006标准判定，数据采用WHONET5．4和SPSS11．5进行统计分析。结果铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为43．4％和37．5％，P〈0.01；鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为40．7％和41．6％，P〉0.05。结论非发酵菌对碳青酶烯类抗菌药物耐药问题越来越严重，该研究发现美罗培南对铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率低于亚胺培南，对鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率无统计学意义。美罗培南和亚胺培南对铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性存在差异，应该加强对这两种抗菌药物的监测。     

深圳市某医院革兰阴性杆菌抗生素敏感性监测

目的分析本地区某医院2013-2016年革兰阴性杆菌的分布及其对抗生素的耐药性,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法收集2013-2016年本院临床革兰阴杆菌4 091株,采用VITEK-Compact2对临床分离菌株鉴定与药敏试验(MIC法)),按CLSI 2012年标准判断结果,WHONET 5.6软件统计分析。结果临床分离革兰阴性杆菌4 091株,标本来源主要是呼吸道分泌物、尿液和伤口拭子;其中肠杆菌科细菌比率较高(占62.04%),铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌分别占19.09%和11.05%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌产ESBLs依次为52.5%、46.7%和20.2%;肠杆菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和亚胺培南耐药率低(3%),且明显低于头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、氨曲南和头孢曲松,铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率高(分别为20.8%和62.7%)。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌出现少量泛耐药菌株,碳青霉烯类耐药铜绿假单胞菌和碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对阿米卡星敏感率高。结论革兰阴性杆菌耐药性增加对临床感染治疗构成严重威胁,多重耐药菌和耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌增多,应加强本地区耐药性监测和控制措施,按照药敏结果合理使用抗生素。     

2018年我院临床常见重要病原菌的耐药性分析

目的了解医院常见重要病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物,有效遏制耐药菌的增长和控制感染提供依据。方法对我院2018年1～12月所分离的鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肠杆菌科细菌、屎肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌的耐药性进行回顾性分析。观察菌株构成及病原菌的耐药性。结果纳入分析的菌株共1557株,其中鲍曼不动杆菌105株、铜绿假单胞菌168株、肠杆菌科细菌538株、屎肠球菌24株、金黄色葡萄球菌161株、肺炎链球菌252株、流感嗜血杆菌309株;鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为分别为63.8%和67.6%;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为28.6%和22.6%;肺炎克雷伯菌对厄他培南、亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率均为2.9%;阴沟肠杆菌对厄他培南、亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率均为3.3%;未检出万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌;金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林耐药率为26.1%,未发现万古霉素非敏感株;肺炎链球菌中230株分离自儿童患者,对青霉素的耐药率和中介率分别为2.6%和7.8%,22株分离自成人患者,对青霉素的耐药率和中介率分别为4.5%和9.1%;流感嗜血杆菌中246株分离自儿童患者,对氨苄西林耐药率为56.5%,63株分离自成人患者,对氨苄西林耐药率为47.6%。结论临床常见重要病原菌耐药性较为严重,应积极采取有效的医院感染控制措施,重视细菌的耐药性监测和规范抗菌药物合理使用。     

我院耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌的耐药现状分析

目的探索我院耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌的耐药现状。方法收集我院2015年1月至2017年12月分离的180株铜绿假单胞菌为对象,使用碳青霉烯类抗生素进行药敏试验。结果自2015年以来,铜绿假单胞菌的分离株数逐渐增多,且多重耐药菌株和泛耐药菌株也明显增加。本组180株铜绿假单胞菌主要来自ICU,占52.22%,其次为神经外科,占31.11%,其余各科室分离的铜绿假单胞菌较少。进行四种碳青霉烯类抗生素(亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、比阿培南)的药敏试验:对四种抗生素的耐药率均较高,差异不明显,P 0.05。结论我院铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率逐年上升,临床用药中需谨慎使用碳青霉烯类抗生素,加强对耐药菌株的监测控制,减少耐药菌株产生。     

鲍曼不动杆菌及铜绿假单胞菌在我院临床各科室感染分布及耐药性分析

目的分析我院铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株的感染分布并分析其耐药特征。方法收集2013年1月至6月住院和门诊患者送检的各类标本并进行分离培养,采用Siemens Microscan WalkAway 40全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定菌种;采用世界卫生组织(WHO)-NET 5.4软件对病原菌的耐药性进行分析。结果共分离出鲍曼不动杆菌92株,铜绿假单胞菌228株,主要分布于呼吸系统。全院多重耐药性(MDR)鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南(MPM)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率分别为12.5%、38.6%、54.5%;而重症监护病房(ICU)MDR的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率分别为13.3%、46.7%、53.3%;重症监护室的MDR的铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南、复方新诺明、氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率分别为20.8%、12.5%、12.5%,全院的MDR铜绿假单胞菌对美罗培南、复方新诺明、氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率分别为20.9%、16.5%、16.5%。结论各临床科室尤其是重症监护室中铜绿假单胞菌及鲍曼不动杆菌感染分布广泛,多重耐药性明显。临床应加强对这两种院感菌耐药性的监控和防止耐药菌株的传播,在经验性用药同时进行病原学检查,根据药敏结果适当调整抗菌药物,以逐步降低耐药状况,避免院内感染和爆发流行。     

医院细菌感染分布及耐药分析

目的 研究我院细菌感染分布及耐药性。方法 收集我院2015年1月-9月临床分离致病菌,细菌鉴定和药敏试验采用VITEK compact系统,以WHONET5.6软件进行数据分析。结果共计分离6213株细菌,其中革兰阳性菌株占28.1%,革兰阴性菌株占66.6%,葡萄菌属占15.8%,肠球菌属11.9%,肠杆菌科细菌占44.8%,非发酵菌占21.4%。最常见细菌依次为大肠埃希菌(17.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(13.3%)、铜绿假单胞菌(8.3%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(7.6%)、屎肠球菌(5.9%)。耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)占33.6%,所有金黄色葡萄球菌中没有对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药的菌株。粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素极敏感,敏感率分别为100%％和90.9％。产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分别占46.8%和32.3%。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南的敏感率可达99％,肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的敏感率仅有92.0％。铜绿假单孢菌对碳青霉烯类的亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率接近30%,多重耐药率(MDR)为12.4%。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率高达50%以上,多重耐药率达到30.5%。结论 所分离细菌的耐药较为普遍,加强耐药性监测,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物十分重要。     

碳青酶烯类抗生素耐药铜绿假单胞菌外排泵机制的初步研究

目的研究外排泵在碳青酶烯类抗生素耐药铜绿假单胞菌中的表达情况,为进一步研究其多重耐药机制奠定基础。方法采用M-H琼脂稀释法,测定添加和不添加抑制剂MC207110时铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的MIC值。结果 MC207110最佳使用浓度为20μg/ml。198株多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的MIC值下降4倍以上的菌株分别有55.49%和67.15%。结论外排泵机制是导致美罗培南和亚胺培南对铜绿假单胞菌耐药的主要机制之一。MC207110可以作为研究细菌外排泵机制的一种较好抑制剂。     

骨科创伤感染患者伤口病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解骨科创伤感染患者病原菌分布特点,为合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法分析本院2014～2016年骨科创伤患者伤口感染2302株病原菌分布特点及对抗菌药物敏感性,对细菌培养阳性并鉴定细菌采用K-B纸片扩散法及最低抑菌浓度琼脂稀释法进行药物敏感性试验。结果 4903份感染伤口共分离出53种2302株细菌,前十位细菌占68.02%。革兰阴性菌占41.52%,革兰阳性菌占26.49%。革兰氏阴性菌前几位为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌。革兰氏阳性菌前几位为金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌。药敏结果:铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为9.6%和9.1%;鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为49.6%和46.6%;肠杆菌科细菌对两种碳青霉烯类的耐药率在10%以下。未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑胺耐药的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌。结论骨科创伤感染患者伤口分泌物未检出耐利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替考拉宁的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌株。革兰阴性杆菌呈多重耐药性,均有检出耐碳青霉烯类抗生素的菌株,应积极采取有效措施遏制此类细菌在医院的扩散传播。     

新疆喀什地区2010年细菌耐药性监测分析

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区2010年2家地区级医院临床分离株的耐药情况。方法采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）对临床分离株进行药敏试验,采用CLSI 2009年版判断标准。结果 2 768株临床分离株中,革兰阳性菌占34.57%,革兰阴性菌占65.43%。排名前6位的病原菌是：大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。146株铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率分别为8.46%和10.00%,对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、妥布霉素的耐药率在14.94%-17.36%;对136株鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率小于30%的药物从低到高分别为美洛培南、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、妥布霉素;MRSA占所有金黄色葡萄球菌的38.89%,葡萄球菌属未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺的耐药菌株;发现4株屎肠球菌和4株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药,但对利奈唑胺均敏感。结论喀什地区的抗生素耐药率与全国情况稍有差别,如铜绿假单胞菌及鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率明显低于全国水平,可能与经济情况相关。但细菌耐药性普遍存在,亦发现了多耐药及泛耐药菌株,因此加强抗菌药耐药监测是目前合理应用抗生素的当务之急。     

2018—2020年宁夏地区临床分离革兰阴性菌耐药性分析

目的 监测宁夏地区临床分离的革兰阴性菌对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法 应用WHONET 5.6软件,参考2020年美国临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）标准对2018—2020年宁夏30家医院革兰阴性菌耐药监测数据进行总结和分析。结果 分离出的103 188株非重复病原菌中,革兰阴性菌占71.45%(73 731株),革兰阳性菌占28.55%(29 457株)。排名前5位的细菌为克雷伯菌属、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌属和肠杆菌属。克雷伯菌属对头孢曲松耐药率为11.9%～14.0%,对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为0.9%～2.3%和1.1%～2.8%;大肠埃希菌对头孢曲松的耐药率为48.3%～49.9%,对亚胺培南的耐药率为0.6%～1.0%;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为5.8%～7.7%,对美罗培南的耐药率为4.1%～4.8%;不动杆菌属对亚胺培南的耐药率为39.2%～43.8%;肠杆菌属、变形杆菌属、摩根菌属和沙雷菌属对碳青霉烯类的耐药率为0～4.2%。结论宁夏地区革兰阴性菌对抗菌药物的耐药率低于全国水平,但多重耐药和碳青霉烯类耐药菌株的增加,对临床抗感染治疗造成威胁,应加强...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.